Jorgensen / Gromiec Developments in Environmental Modelling

1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9080-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 14, 409 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Developments in Environmental Modelling

The use of models to assess water quality is becoming increasingly important worldwide. In order to be able to develop a good model, it is necessary to have a good quantitative and ecological description of physical, chemical and biological processes in ecosystems. Such descriptions may be called ``submodels''. This book presents the most important, but not all, submodels applied in water quality modelling. Each chapter deals with a specific physical process and covers its importance, the most applicable submodels (and how to select one), parameter values and their determination, and future research needs.The book will be an excellent reference source for environmental engineers, ecological modellers and all those interested in the modelling of water quality systems.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Jorgensen, S. E.

Gromiec, M. J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Mathematical Submodels in Water Quality Systems;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;LIST OF TABLES;10
6;CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION;14
6.1;1.1 THE APPLICATION OF SUBMODELS;14
6.2;1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENTED SUBMODELS;16
7;CHAPTER 2. VOLATILIZATION;20
7.1;2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLATILIZATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT;20
7.2;2.2 MODELS OF THE VOLATILIZATION PROCESS;22
7.3;2.3 THE APPLICATION OF THE VOLATILIZATION SUBMODEL IN ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING;28
7.4;2.4 PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN THE VOLATILIZATION SUBMODEL;29
7.5;2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS;32
7.6;REFERENCES;32
8;CHAPTER 3. REAERATION;34
8.1;3.1 INTRODUCTION;34
8.2;3.2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES;35
8.3;3.3 PREDICTIVE MODELS;37
8.4;3.4 ANALYSIS OF PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR RIVERS;54
8.5;3.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION;61
8.6;REFERENCES;62
9;CHAPTER 4. ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE;66
9.1;4.1 INTRODUCTION;66
9.2;4.2 MODELLING ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE;67
9.3;4.3 THE APPLICATION OF ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE SUBMODELS IN WATER QUALITY MODELLING;74
9.4;4.4 PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN THE ADSORPTION - ION EXCHANGE SUBMODEL;76
9.5;4.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDS;80
9.6;REFERENCES;81
10;CHAPTER 5. HEAT EXCHANGE;84
10.1;5.1 INTRODUCTION;84
10.2;5.2 EVALUATION OF HEAT BUDGET TERMS;86
10.3;5.3 HEAT EXCHANGE AT AIR-WATER INTERFACE;87
10.4;5.4 APPLICATIONS;108
10.5;5.5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;108
10.6;SELECTED REFERENCES;109
11;CHAPTER 6. SEDIMENTATION;110
11.1;6.1 THE ROLE OF SEDIMENTATION IN MODELLING AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS;110
11.2;6.2 MODELS OF SEDIMENTATION;111
11.3;6.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION;119
11.4;6.4 APPLICATION IN ECOLOGICAL MODELLING;122
11.5;6.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDS;122
11.6;REFERENCES;123
12;CHAPTER 7. COAGULATION;126
12.1;7.1. INTRODUCTION;126
12.2;7.2. MODELS OF THE COAGULATION PROCESS;127
12.3;7.3. ASPECTS OF APPLICATION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION;136
12.4;7.4. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDS;139
12.5;REFERENCES;140
13;CHAPTER 8. PRECIPITATION;142
13.1;8.1 INTRODUCTION;142
13.2;8.2. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE PRECIPITATION PROCESS;144
13.3;8.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION;147
13.4;8.4. APPLICATION AND EXAMPLES;148
13.5;REFERENCES;150
14;CHAPTER 9. COMPLEX FORMATION;152
14.1;9.1 INTRODUCTION;152
14.2;9.2 MODELS OF COMPLEX FORMATION;157
14.3;9.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION;165
14.4;9.4 APPLICATION OF COMPLEX FORMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS;166
14.5;9.5 CONCLUSIONS;169
14.6;REFERENCES;170
15;CHAPTER 10. HYDROLYSIS AND CHEMICAL REDOX PROCESSES;172
15.1;10.1 INTRODUCTION;172
15.2;10.2 MODELS OF HYDROLYSIS AND REDOX PROCESSES;184
15.3;10.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION;189
15.4;10.4 CONCLUSIONS;191
15.5;REFERENCES;194
16;CHAPTER 11. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS;196
16.1;11.1 INTRODUCTION;196
16.2;11.2 THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE MODELLING OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS;197
16.3;11.3 MODELLING PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN NATURAL WATERS;199
16.4;11.4 ESTIMATION OF MODEL PARAMETERS;201
16.5;11.5 INCORPORATION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS INTO GEOCHEMICAL MODELS;207
16.6;11.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH NEEDS;210
16.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;212
16.8;REFERENCES;212
17;CHAPTER 12. MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION;218
17.1;12.1 INTRODUCTION;218
17.2;12.2 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION;221
17.3;12.3 PARAMETERS ESTIMATION;230
17.4;12.4 FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS;240
17.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;241
17.6;NOTATIONS;241
17.7;REFERENCES;243
18;CHAPTER 13. NITRIFICATION;248
18.1;13.1 INTRODUCTION;248
18.2;13.2 NITRIFYING MICRO-ORGANISMS AND FACTORS AFFECTING NITRIFICATION;248
18.3;13.3 GROWTH KINETICS OF NITRIFYING MICRO-ORGANISMS;249
18.4;13.4 SENSITIVITY OF GROWTH PARAMETERS TO NITRIFICATION PROCESS;256
18.5;13.5 KINETICS EXPRESSIONS FOR INHIBITION;259
18.6;13.6 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS;265
18.7;13.7 NITRIFICATION ZONES IN NATURAL WATER BODIES;271
18.8;REFERENCES;273
19;CHAPTER 14. PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS;278
19.1;14.1 INTRODUCTION;278
19.2;14.2 PREDATOR-PREY MODELS;278
19.3;14.3 ELEMENTS OF PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION;282
19.4;14.4 DEPENDENCE OF ACTIVITY OF PREDATORS ON ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS;288
19.5;14.5 PREDATION ON MORE THAN ONE PREY POPULATION;290
19.6;14.6 EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS AND FUNCTION ESTIMATION OF PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS;293
19.7;14.7 APPLICATIONS: PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS IN ECOSYSTEM MODELS;294
19.8;14.8 CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH NEEDS;295
19.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;295
19.10;REFERENCES;295
20;CHAPTER 15. PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY;300
20.1;15.1 INTRODUCTION;300
20.2;15.2 METHODS AND MEASURING;301
20.3;15.3 MODEL COMPLEXITY;304
20.4;15.4 FORMULATIONS;306
20.5;15.5 MODEL APPLICATION AND EVALUATION;318
20.6;15.6 PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND DATA REQUIREMENTS;327
20.7;15.7 CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH NEEDS;327
20.8;REFERENCES;328
21;CHAPTER 16. FISH GROWTH;332
21.1;16.1 INTRODUCTION;332
21.2;16.2 THE METABOLIC GROWTH MODEL;333
21.3;16.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION;340
21.4;16.4 APPLICATION AND EXAMPLES;347
21.5;16.5 OTHER METABOLIC GROWTH EQUATIONS;362
21.6;16.6 CONCLUSION AND RESEARCH NEEDS;364
21.7;16.7 SYMBOL GLOSSARY;365
21.8;REFERENCES;366
22;CHAPTER 17. SEDIMENT-WATER EXCHANGE MODELS;372
22.1;17.1 INTRODUCTION;372
22.2;17.2 ESSENTIAL SUBMODELS;373
22.3;17.3 APPLICATION OF SEDIMENT MODELS;384
22.4;17.4 PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN SEDIMENT SUBMODELS;391
22.5;17.5 SELECTION OF SUBMODELS;393
22.6;REFERENCES;395
23;APPENDIX;400
24;LIST OF AUTHORS;402
25;INDEX;404