Ṭuruq and Ṭuruq-Linked Institutions in Nineteenth-Century Egypt

A Historical Study in Organizational Dimensions of Islamic Mysticism
Erscheinungsjahr 2021
ISBN: 978-90-04-44909-1
Verlag: Brill

Buch, Englisch, Band 9, 262 Seiten, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 604 g

Reihe: Brill Classics in Islam

Turuq and turuq-linked institutions by Frederick De Jong was first published in 1978. It is largely based on research in public and private archives in Cairo, and on published materials in limited circulation. This study became highly influential in its field. De Jong describes the development of the administration and organization of the turuq and turuq-linked institutions (takaya, zawaya, and shrines) under the shaykhs of the Bakri family in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Egypt. Central to this administration is the principle of right of qadam, meaning the exclusive right of a tariqa to proselytize and to appear in public in a particular area, if it could be proved that it had been the first to do so.

Autoren/Hrsg.

de Jong, Frederick

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Islam & Islamische Studien Geschichte des Islam Geschichte des Islam: Neuzeit
• Geisteswissenschaften Islam & Islamische Studien Islam: Einzelne Gruppen
• Geisteswissenschaften Islam & Islamische Studien Islam: Spiritualität & Mystik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface

Acknowledgements

List of Maps and Plates

Note on Spelling and Transliteration

Introduction

1 The Emergence and Institutionalization of Central Authority over the ?uruq and ?uruq-Linked Institutions

1 Al-Bakriyya and Its Leaders

2 The Niqabat al-As_h_raf

3 The Arbab al-Sajajid

4 The ?uruq

5 The Formalization of al-Bakri’s Authority and Mu?ammad ?Ali’s Policy

6 The Shrine- and Takiya-Based ?uruq

7 ?uruq without Material Assets

8 The Takaya and Zawaya

9 The Appointment of Mu?ammad al-Bakri as Naqib al-As_h_raf and Its Implications

10 Demarcation of Authority: The Agreement with al-Azhar

11 The Early Phase of the ?uruq Administration

12 Summary

2 The ?uruq Realm, the Principle of Right of Qadam, the Nature and Functioning of the ?uruq Administration

1 The Genesis of the Principle of Right of Qadam

2 Al-Bakri’s Authority over the ?uruq and the Principle of Right of Qadam

3 The ?uruq Administration and the Government

4 Conflicts about Right of Qadam and Their Resolution

5 The As_h_raf as ?ariqa Officials

6 Conflicts Not Related to Qadam

7 The Mawalid and the ?uruq

8 The Shrines

9 The Mawlid al-Nabi Celebrations

10 Additional Mawalid and Other Celebrations Organized and Supervised by al-Bakri

11 The Processions of the Kiswa, the Ma?mal and the Laylat al-Ru?ya

12 The ?uruq Involved

13 Al-Bakri’s Administration and the ?akaya

14 Al-Bakri’s Administration, the Cairene Shrines and Their Intendants

15 The Nature and Scope of al-Bakri’s Authority

16 Demands for Reforms

17 Summary

3 The Crisis of Authority

1 The Circular of 1881, Its Contents, Implications and Consequences

2 The Inadequate Maintenance of Rights of Qadam

3 The New ?uruq, Their Leaders, Their Spread, Their Recognition

4 Secessionist ?uruq

5 The Changing Area of Authority and the Decline of Its Legitimacy

6 The ?Urabi Insurrection and ?ariqa Involvement

7 Summary

4 The Promulgation of the Regulations for the ?uruq, Their History and Contents

1 Mu?ammad Tawfiq al-Bakri and the Early Re-assertion of Authority

2 The Regulations of 1895

3 The Amended Regulations of 1903

4 ?uruq without Official Status

5 The Internal Regulations of 1905

6 The Reformist Calls for I?la? of the ?uruq

7 Opposition to and Acceptance of the Internal Regulations

8 Status Changes of the ?uruq

9 The Political Activities of Mu?ammad Tawfiq al-Bakri

10 Summary

Epilogue

Appendix 1: Translation of the Firman Issued by Mu?ammad ?Ali, Viceroy of Egypt, Investing Mu?ammad Efendi al-Bakri with Authority over the ?uruq and ?uruq-Linked Institutions

Appendix 2: Translation of the Ma?dar Setting out the Demarcation of the Areas of Authority of the S_h_ayk_h_ al-Sajjada al-Bakriyya, Mu?ammad Efendi al-Bakri, and the S_h_ayk_h_ al-Azhar, Ibrahim al-Bayjuri

Appendix 3: Translation of a Circular Issued by the S_h_ayk_h_ al-Bakri to All the Chiefs of the Religious Sects

Appendix 4: Translation of the Regulations for the ?uruq (La?i?at al-?uruq al-?ufiyya) of 1895

Appendix 5: Translation of the Amended Regulations for the ?uruq (La?i?at al-?uruq al-?ufiyya) of 1903

Appendix 6: Translation of the Internal Regulations for the ?uruq (al-La?i?at al-Dak_h_iliyya li-l-?uruq al-?ufiyya) of 1905

Appendix 7a: The Genealogy of Mu?ammad Abu l-Su?ud al-Bakri

Appendix 7b: Descendants of Mu?ammad Abu l-Su?ud al-Bakri Down to the Early 20th Century

Appendix 8: Names of Persons Who Held the Supreme Authority Position over the Bakri Family and the Bakriyya Order in Ottoman Egypt

Appendix 9: Appointees to the Niqabat al-As_h_raf from ca. 1750 until 1911

Bibliography

Index of Arabic and Turkish Terms

Index of Personal Names

Index of Place Names

General Index

Über Autor(innen)

Frederick de Jong Ph.D. (1977), Leiden University. Chair of Islamic Languages and Cultures in Utrecht University (1984-2009). Major publications concern sufi orders, Muslim minorities in South-Eastern Europe and in Turkey, in addition to Uyghur language and culture.