Javaherdashti Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

An Engineering Insight
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-1-84800-074-2
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 164 Seiten

Microbiologically-influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the greatest mysteries of corrosion science and engineering, due to the complexities resulting from the involvement of living things such as bacteria. Bacteria are not only able to affect our health, but are also capable of impacting upon everyday life through a wide range of industrial sectors and the economy. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: An Engineering Insight introduces a new approach to the basics of MIC and explains how to recognise, understand, mitigate and/or prevent this type of corrosion. Topics explored include stress corrosion cracking and microbial corrosion, the pros and cons of biocides, the involvement of magnetic bacteria in microbial corrosion, and a new interpretation of cathodic protection based on recent research in microbial environments. The material covered by Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion: An Engineering Insight will be of benefit to professional and consultant engineers in power generating, oil and gas, marine, and mining industries; as well as to researchers in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science, corrosion and mechanical engineering.

Dr Reza Javaherdashti is a Senior Corrosion Engineer at Extrin Consultants, a specialist corrosion engineering consulting group based in Perth, Australia.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Javaherdashti, Reza

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
1.1;A Few Words About the Structure of This Book;6
2;Acknowledgements;10
3;Contents;12
4;A Short Journey to the Realm of Corrosion;16
4.1;1.1 Introduction;16
4.1.1;1.1.1 Definition of Corrosion;16
4.2;1.2 Electrochemical Corrosion: A Brief Introduction;17
4.3;1.3 When Does Corrosion Happen?;19
4.4;1.4 Corrosion Forecast;20
4.4.1;1.4.1 Anodic Polarisation (Anodic Polarisation Reaction);21
4.4.2;1.4.2 Cathodic Polarisation (Cathodic Polarisation Reaction);22
4.5;1.5 Summary and Conclusions;23
4.6;References;23
4.7;Further Reading;23
5;Technical Mitigation of Corrosion: Corrosion Management;24
5.1;2.1 Introduction;24
5.1.1;2.1.1 Corrosion Management: A Technical Approach;24
5.2;2.2 The Rationale for Using Coatings and Linings;24
5.3;2.3 The Rationale of Anodic and Cathodic Protection;25
5.3.1;2.3.1 Anodic Protection;25
5.3.2;2.3.2 Cathodic Protection (CP);25
5.4;2.4 Use of Inhibitors;27
5.4.1;2.4.1 Anodic Inhibitors;27
5.4.2;2.4.2 Cathodic Inhibitors;28
5.4.3;2.4.3 Mixed Effect Inhibitors [2];29
5.5;2.5 Material Selection and Design Improvement;29
5.6;2.6 Summary and Conclusions;30
5.7;References;31
6;Non-technical Mitigation of Corrosion: Corrosion Knowledge Management;32
6.1;3.1 Introduction;32
6.2;3.2 Corrosion (Knowledge) Management: A Managerial Approach;33
6.2.1;3.2.1 Importance of Defining “Resources” and “Targets”;33
6.2.2;3.2.2 Why Should We Care About Corrosion?;35
6.3;3.3 Components of Corrosion Knowledge Management as a Managerial Tool;37
6.4;3.4 Conclusion and Summary;41
6.5;References;41
7;Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC);44
7.1;4.1 Introduction;44
7.2;4.2 Definition of MIC;45
7.3;4.3 Importance of MIC;46
7.4;4.4 Historical Profile of Advances in Understanding MIC;47
7.5;4.5 Categorising Bacteria;49
7.6;4.6 Biofilm Formation and Its Stages;51
7.7;4.7 How Biofilms Demonstrate Their Effects on Corrosion;57
7.8;4.8 Enhancing Corrosion;57
7.8.1;4.8.1 Biofilm Models;57
7.9;4.9 Corrosion Deceleration Effect of Biofilms;61
7.10;4.10 The Bacteria Involved in MIC;63
7.11;4.11 Sulphate-reducing Bacteria (SRB);64
7.11.1;4.11.1 Mechanisms of MIC by SRB;66
7.11.2;4.11.2 Examples of Corrosion by SRB;69
7.11.3;4.11.3 Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and SRB;70
7.12;4.12 Iron-reducing Bacteria;73
7.12.1;4.12.1 Why Is Microbial Reduction of Iron Important?;73
7.12.2;4.12.2 Contradicting Impacts of IRB on Corrosion;75
7.13;4.13 Magnetic Bacteria;78
7.14;4.14 Summary and Conclusions;80
7.15;References;81
8;How Does a System Become Vulnerable to MIC?;88
8.1;5.1 Introduction;88
8.2;5.2 General Points Regarding the Vulnerability of Industrial Systems;88
8.3;5.3 Important Systems/Working Conditions Leading to MIC;89
8.4;5.4 Physico-mechanical Factors and Their Effects on MIC;90
8.4.1;5.4.1 Chemical Factors;92
8.4.2;5.4.2 Water Treatment;92
8.4.3;5.4.3 Oxygen;92
8.4.4;5.4.4 Nutrients and the Ease of Reaching Them;92
8.4.5;5.4.5 Alloying Elements and Their Impacts;94
8.4.6;5.4.6 Welding;95
8.4.7;5.4.7 Impact of Hydrotesting;96
8.5;5.5 Some Points Regarding the Feasibility of Mitigation of Hydrotesting- assisted MIC;98
8.6;5.6 Summary and Conclusions;101
8.7;References;101
9;How Is MIC Detected and Recognised?;104
9.1;6.1 Introduction;104
9.2;6.2 Recognition Methods;105
9.2.1;6.2.1 Investigating Vulnerable Systems and Components;105
9.2.2;6.2.2 Pit Morphology;105
9.2.3;6.2.3 Mineralogical Finger Prints;106
9.2.4;6.2.4 Appearance and Colour of Corrosion Products;108
9.2.5;6.2.5 Characteristics of Microbial Attack;108
9.3;6.3 Detection Methods;111
9.3.1;6.3.1 Culturing and Its Alternatives;111
9.3.2;6.3.2 Quick (or Rapid) Check Tests;114
9.3.3;6.3.3 Electrochemical Recognition Methods and Their Application to MIC;116
9.4;6.4 Summary and Conclusions;118
9.5;References;120
10;Examples of Some Systems Vulnerable to MIC;124
10.1;7.1 Introduction;124
10.2;7.2 Buried Metallic Pipelines;125
10.3;7.3 Maritime Piled Structures (Jetty and Wharves);128
10.4;7.4 Offshore Platforms;131
10.5;7.5 Firewater Lines;133
10.6;7.6 Summary and Conclusions;134
10.7;References;135
11;Examples of Some Materials Vulnerable to MIC;138
11.1;8.1 Introduction;138
11.1.1;8.1.1 Copper and Cupronickels;138
11.1.2;8.1.2 Duplex Stainless Steels;140
11.1.3;8.1.3 Concrete;141
11.2;8.2 Summary and Conclusions;145
11.3;References;145
12;How Is MIC Treated?;148
12.1;9.1 Introduction;148
12.2;9.2 Physical-mechanical Treatments;149
12.2.1;9.2.1 Pigging;149
12.2.2;9.2.2 Use of Ultraviolet Radiation;151
12.2.3;9.2.3 Ultrasonic Treatment;152
12.3;9.3 Chemical Treatments;152
12.3.1;9.3.1 Pros and Cons of Some Biocides;153
12.3.2;9.3.2 A Note on Dual Biocide Treatment;160
12.4;9.4 Electrochemical Methods;161
12.4.1;9.4.1 Cathodic Protection (CP);161
12.4.2;9.4.2 Coating;167
12.5;9.5 Biological Methods;168
12.6;9.6 Summary and Conclusions;170
12.7;References;170
13;Glossary;174
14;Index;176