Hutchings / Withers / Holden Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction

Erscheinungsjahr 2005
ISBN: 978-1-134-38979-7
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 420 Seiten

Over the past 25 years the field of neutron diffraction for residual stress characterization has grown tremendously, and has matured from the stage of trial demonstrations to provide a practical tool with widespread applications in materials science and engineering. While the literature on the subject has grown commensurately, it has also remained fragmented and scattered across various journals and conference proceedings.

For the first time, this volume presents a comprehensive introduction to stress measurement using neutron diffraction. It discusses all aspects of the technique, from the basic physics, the different neutron sources and instrumentation, to the various strategies for lattice strain measurement and data interpretation. These are illustrated by practical examples. This book represents a coherent unified treatment of the subject, written by well-known experts. It will prepare students, engineers, and other newcomers for their first neutron diffraction experiments and provide experts with a definitive reference work.

Zielgruppe

Materials scientists; students, engineers, and scientists interested in residual stress characterization

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hutchings, M.T.

Withers, P.J.

Holden, T.M.

Lorentzen, Torben

Fachgebiete

• Naturwissenschaften Physik Angewandte Physik Soziophysik, Wirtschaftsphysik
• Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde

Inhaltsverzeichnis

INTRODUCTION
Residual Stress: Friend or Foe?
Historical Development of Stress Measurement by Diffraction
Special Characteristics of Neutron Strain Measurement
Nature and Origin of Residual Stress
Effects of Residual Stress

FUNDAMENTALS OF NEUTRON DIFFRACTION
Introduction
Scattering and Absorption of Neutrons and X-Rays by Atoms
Neutron Diffraction from Crystalline Solids
Penetration of Neutron Beams
Effects of Lattice Vibrations
Extinction, Texture, and Multiple Scattering

DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENT DESIGN
Neutron Sources
Diffractometers for Strain Measurement
Neutron Detectors
The Instrumental Resolution
Instrument Gauge Volumes
Sampled Gauge Volume and Effective Measurement Position
Specialized Instruments for Strain Measurement

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF STRAIN MEASUREMENT USING NEUTRON DIFFRACTION
Introduction
Measurement of Diffraction Bragg Peak Profile
Analyzing Bragg Peak Profiles
Accuracy of Diffraction Peak Center Determination
Analysis of Complete Diffraction Profiles for Strain
Strain-Free Reference
Reproducibility Tests

INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF LATTICE STRAIN DATA
Inferring Stresses from Lattice Strains
Introduction to Mechanics of Crystallite Deformation
Elastic Anisotropy of Single Crystals
The Bulk Elastic Response of Polycrystals
hkl-Specific Response in a Polycrystal Undergoing Elastic Deformation
hkl-Specific Response in a Polycrystal Undergoing Plastic Deformation

APPLICATIONS TO PROBLEMS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Introduction
Welded Structures
Composites and Other Multiphase Materials
Plastically Deformed Components and Materials
Near-Surface Stresses
In Situ and Through-Process or Life Studies

THE FUTURE
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
GLOSSARY

APPENDICES
Note on Reactor Flux Spectrum
Relation between the Centroid of Sampled Gauge Volume and Translator Reading
Points for Consideration When Making a Neutron Diffraction Stress Measurement
Macroscopic Scattering Cross-Sections of All Elements

Index