Buch, Englisch, 496 Seiten, Format (B × H): 236 mm x 163 mm, Gewicht: 819 g
Buch, Englisch, 496 Seiten, Format (B × H): 236 mm x 163 mm, Gewicht: 819 g
ISBN: 978-0-19-516966-9
Verlag: Oxford University Press
The basic laboratory technique for studying distinctiveness effect in memory is the isolation paradigm, a simple test in which a list of items is presented for memorisation. All items except one are similar in some way. The different item always occurs late in the list, to allow the similarity of the precedingitems to establish a context. Subsequent memory for the different item is always better than for the similar items. In 1948, Jenkins and Postman offered the intuitive-differential attention explanation to account for this difference in memory, that an item is remembered because it catches the subject's attention by violating the established context, so leads the subject to devote additional processing to it. It is this additional processing that accounts for enhanced memory. Since 1948, succeeding theories have accepted and perpetuated their explanation. In fact, the isolation effect and the intuitive explanation have applied to most other memory phenomena that fall under the rubric of bizarreness, salience and novelty. The contributors to the proposed volume argue that the intuitive-differential-attention explanation and theories following from it are incorrect. The purpose of the volume is to test these currently accepted theories by contrasting them with the results of current research on the processes supporting them. The result is a much needed restructuring of the theories.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
Weitere Infos & Material
- I Basic Issues
- 1: R. Reed Hunt: The Concept of Distinctiveness in Memory Research:
- 2: James S. Nairne: Modelling Distinctiveness: Implications for General Memory Theory
- 3: Stephen R. Schmidt: Emotion, Significance, Distinctiveness and Memory
- 4: Mark A. McDaniel and Lisa Geraci: Encoding and Retrieval Processes in Distinctiveness Effects: Toward an Integrative Framework
- 5: Daniel L. Schacter and Amy L. Wiseman: Reducing Memory Errors: The Distinctiveness Heuristic
- 6: Daniel J. Burns: Assessing Distinctiveness: Measures of Item-Specific and Relational Processing
- II Bizarreness
- 7: James B. Worthen: Resolution of Discrepant Memory Strengths: An Explanation of the Effects of Bizarreness on Memory
- 8: Denise Davidson: Memory for Bizarre and Other Unusual Events: Evidence from Script Research
- III Distinctiveness and Implicit Memory Tests
- 9: Neil W. Mulligan: Conceptual Implicit Memory and the Item-Specific - Relational Distinction
- 10: Lisa Geraci and Suprana Rajaram: The Distinctiveness Effect in Explicit and Implicit Memory
- IV Distinctiveness and Memory Across the Life Span
- 11: Mark L. Howe: Distinctiveness Effects in Children's Memory
- 12: Rebekah E. Smith: Adult Age Differences in Episodic Memory: Item-Specific, Relational and Distinctive Processing
- V Distinctiveness in the Social Context
- 13: Brian Mullen and Carmen Pizzuto: The Effects of Social Distinctiveness: The Phenomenology of Being in a Group
- 14: Susan Coats and Eliot R. Smith: Distinctiveness and Memory: A Comparison of the Social and Cognitive Literatures
- VI The Neuroscience of Distinctiveness and Memory
- 15: Monica Fabiani: Multiple Electrophysiological Indices of Distinctiveness
- 16: Pascale Michelon and Abraham Z. Snyder: Neural Correlates of Incongruity
- 17: Mark M. Kishiyama and Andrew P. Yonelinas: Stimulus Novelty Effects on Recognition Memory: Behavioral Properties and Neuroanantomical Substrates
- VII Denouement
- 18: Endel Tulving and R. Shayna Rosenbaum: What Do Explanations of the Distinctiveness Effect Need to Explain?
- 19: Fergus I.M. Craik: Distinctiveness and Memory: Comments and a Point of View
