Huneke / Mulder Deep-Sea Sediments

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-0-08-093187-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 63, 750 Seiten

Reihe: Developments in Sedimentology

During the past few decades, deep-sea research benefited greatly from a number of newly developed, highly sophisticated exploration techniques and comprehensive datasets, thanks to the immense industrial interest in deep-sea sediments. The book Deep-Sea Sediments focuses on the sedimentary processes operating within the various modern and ancient deep-sea environments. The individual chapters track the way of sedimentary particles from continental erosion or production in the marine realm, to transport into the deep sea, to final deposition on the sea floor. The sedimentary processes cover several types of sediment gravity flow and contour currents, pelagic settling and hemipelagic advection, planktic and benthic bioproductivity, and volcanoclastic sedimentation. In addition, the relationships between depositional environment and endobenthic organisms as well as early diagenetic processes at and within the deep-sea floor are dealt with. Facies models of the wide range of depositional products hold the key for a process-related interpretation of ancient deposits. Changes in sea-water chemistry, major innovations in organism evolution, and changes in external controls on sedimentation and productivity are discussed in the context of overarching trends in ocean history. Deep-sea sediments are not only of interest because of the numerous interacting processes involved in their formation, but they represent also a nearly inexhaustible archive of long-term climatic changes. Consequently, the book also includes an introduction to the climatic interpretation of the various proxies that reveal global changes during the Mesozoic greenhouse and Neogene icehouse conditions. In order to address the specific interest of the oil and gas industry in deep-water sediments, the investigation techniques that are applied in this context and the methods to predict both the occurrences and the characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs are included as well. - Examines the rapidly evolving field of deep-sea sedimentary research - Focuses on sedimentary and diagenetic processes, with theory and case histories - Covers the climate record, hydrocarbon reservoirs, and other topics of interest - Features a multimedia component with colour versions of figures

Autoren/Hrsg.

Huneke, H.

Mulder, T.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Developments in Sedimentology: Deep-Sea Sediments;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Dedication;6
5;Contents;8
6;Contributors;12
7;Preface;14
8;Chapter 1: Progress in Deep-Sea Sedimentology;16
8.1;1. Introduction;16
8.2;2. What are Deep-Sea Sediments?;18
8.3;3. Tools Used for Deep-Sea Sediment Investigations;20
8.4;4. Structure of the Book;31
8.5;References;37
9;Chapter 2: Gravity Processes and Deposits on Continental Slope, Rise and Abyssal Plains;40
9.1;1. Gravity Processes on Continental Slope, Rise and Abyssal Plains;41
9.2;2. Gravity-Fall and Gravity-Flow Deposits;74
9.3;3. Deep-Sea Turbidite Systems;93
9.4;References;140
10;Chapter 3: Contour Currents and Contourite Drifts;164
10.1;1. Introduction;165
10.2;2. Oceanic Geostrophic Circulation and Contour Currents;167
10.3;3. Sedimentary Processes Related to Contour Currents;176
10.4;4. Contourite Facies and Bedforms;191
10.5;5. Contourite Drifts;206
10.6;6. Ancient Contourites;217
10.7;7. Conclusions;220
10.8;References;220
11;Chapter 4: Pelagic Sedimentation in Modern and Ancient Oceans;230
11.1;1. Oceanic Provinces and Sediment Factories: An Overview;230
11.2;2. Modern Pelagic Factories: An Overview;235
11.3;3. History and Evolution of Ancient Pelagic Factories;294
11.4;Acknowledgments;334
11.5;References;334
12;Chapter 5: Hemipelagic Advection and Periplatform Sedimentation;368
12.1;1. Introduction;368
12.2;2. Hemipelagic Advection;370
12.3;3. Periplatform Carbonates;392
12.4;Acknowledgments;401
12.5;References;401
13;Chapter 6: Benthic Deep-Sea Carbonates;412
13.1;1. Introduction;412
13.2;2. Carbonate Bentho-Pelagic Coupling;415
13.3;3. Calcareous Aphotic Reefs;419
13.4;4. Cold Seeps and Related Carbonates;432
13.5;5. Past and Future;448
13.6;References;455
14;Chapter 7: Volcaniclastic Processes and Deposits in the Deep-Sea;472
14.1;1. Introduction;473
14.2;2. Volcaniclastic Materials: The Evidence of Volcanic Activity;473
14.3;3. Transport and Deposition of Volcaniclastics to the Deep-Sea;480
14.4;4. Volcaniclastic Contribution to Marine Sedimentation;492
14.5;5. Volcaniclastic Sedimentation in Various Deep-Sea Environments;493
14.6;6. Importance of Volcaniclastic Aprons in the Deep-Sea;512
14.7;7. Economic Aspects of Sub-Marine Volcaniclastic Deposits;515
14.8;8. Sub-marine Volcaniclastic Deposits as Tools for Natural-Hazard Assessment;518
14.9;9. Conclusions;519
14.10;References;521
15;Chapter 8: Deep-Sea Ichnology: The Relationships Between Depositional Environment and Endobenthic Organisms;532
15.1;1. Introduction;533
15.2;2. The Deep-Sea Floor as Habitat;534
15.3;3. Bioturbation;535
15.4;4. Trace Fossils;537
15.5;5. Interpretation of Trace Fossils and Ichnofabrics;545
15.6;6. Evolutionary Aspects;558
15.7;7. Perspective;561
15.8;Acknowledgments;561
15.9;References;561
16;Chapter 9: Early Diagenesis of Deep-Sea Sediments;572
16.1;1 Introduction;574
16.2;2. Pelagic Sediments: Characteristics and Lithology-Independent Pore-Water Profiles;576
16.3;3. Brown Abyssal Clay;581
16.4;4. Biogenic Siliceous Sediments;581
16.5;5. Biogenic Pelagic Carbonates;612
16.6;6. Hemipelagic Sediments;619
16.7;7. Gas-hydrate Bearing Sediments;642
16.8;8. Effects of Evaporite Dissolution on Pore-Water Chemistry;662
16.9;9. Sediment-Covered Mid-Ocean Ridges: Hydrothermal Activity and Intrusion of Igneous Dykes and Sills;662
16.10;10. Early Diagenesis in Active Margins Affected by Advective Lateral Fluid Flow;664
16.11;11. Early Diagenesis of Volcanogenic Deep-Sea Sediments;670
16.12;12. Early-Diagenetic Mineralization Reactions in Anoxic Deep-Water Sediments;682
16.13;13. Early Diagenetic Clay-Mineral Formation;705
16.14;Acknowledgments;707
16.15;References;707
17;Chapter 10: Industrial Application of Deep-Sea Sediments;730
17.1;1. Specificity of the Oil and Gas Industry Viewpoint;731
17.2;2. Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production in Deep Water;733
17.3;3. Tools;744
17.4;4. Geology of Deep-Water Deposits Seen from the Hydrocarbon Industry Viewpoint;753
17.5;Acknowledgments;776
17.6;References;776
18;Chapter 11: Mesozoic Pelagic Sediments: Archives for Ocean and Climate History during Green-House Conditions;780
18.1;1. Introduction;780
18.2;2. Oceans Explored;781
18.3;3. Deep-Sea Sediments: From Oceans to Mountain Ranges;782
18.4;4. Pelagic Sediments-A New Field of Research for Sedimentologists and Stratigraphers;784
18.5;5. The Alpine Tethys Succession-From Sedimentology to Palaeoceanography;789
18.6;6. Stable-Isotope Geochemistry-A New Tool in Palaeoceanography;791
18.7;7. Black Shales and the Carbon Cycle;794
18.8;8. Summary and Outlook;799
18.9;Acknowledgments;800
18.10;References;800
19;Chapter 12: Climate Records of Deep-Sea Sediments: Towards the Cenozoic Ice House;808
19.1;1. Introduction;808
19.2;2. The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM): Large-Scale Carbon Release and Its Consequences for the Oceans' Carbonate...;811
19.3;3. Eocene Cooling: Factors Causing the Antarctic Glaciation;814
19.4;4. The Middle Miocene Climate Transition;817
19.5;5. Neogene Evolution of Deep-Water Circulation and Chemistry;819
19.6;6. Middle to Late Miocene Carbonate Deposition;823
19.7;7. The Onset of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation and Pleistocene Ice Ages;827
19.8;References;833
20;Index;840