Perceiving in Depth, Volume 3

Other Mechanisms of Depth Perception
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-0-19-976416-7
Verlag: OXFORD UNIV PR

Buch, Englisch, 400 Seiten, Format (B × H): 221 mm x 286 mm, Gewicht: 1262 g

Reihe: Oxford Psychology Series

Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This three-volume work is much broader in scope than previous texts and includes mechanisms of depth perception by all senses, including aural, electrosensory organs, and the somatosensory system. The work contains three extensively illustrated and referenced volumes. Volume 1 reviews sensory coding,
psychophysical and analytic procedures, and basic visual mechanisms. Volume 2 reviews stereoscopic vision. Volume 3 reviews all mechanisms of depth perception other than stereoscopic vision. Together, these three volumes provide the most detailed review of all aspects of perceiving the three-dimensional world.

Volume 3 addresses all depth-perception mechanisms other than stereopsis. The chapter starts with reviews of monocular cues to depth. These cues include accommodation, vergence eye movements, perspective, interposition, shading, and motion parallax. A perceptual constancy is the ability to judge a feature of a stimulus as constant in spite of variations in the retinal image. Constancies in depth perception, such as the ability to perceive the sizes, and 3-D shapes of objects as they move or
rotate are reviewed. The ways in which different depth cues interact are discussed. They can complement each other, compete, or interact so as to increase the range of depth perception. The next chapter reviews sources of information, such as changing disparity, image looming, and vergence eye
movements, used in the perception of objects moving in depth. Various pathologies of depth perception, including visual neglect, stereoanomalies, and albanism are reviewed. Visual depth-perception mechanisms through the animal kingdom are reviewed, starting with insects and progressing though crustaceans, fish, amphibians, retiles, birds, and mammals. Most animals respond to image looming, and many use perspective and motion parallax to detect depth. Stereoscopic vision based on binocular
disparity has evolved in some insects, frogs, and mammals. The chapter includes a discussion of the way in which stereoscopic vision may have evolved. The next chapter describes how visual depth perception is used to guide reaching movements of the hand, avoiding obstacles, and walking to a distant
object. The next three chapters review non-visual mechanisms of depth perception. Auditory mechanisms include auditory localization, echolocation in bats and marine mammals, and the lateral-line system of fish. Some fish emit electric discharges and then use electric sense organs to detect distortions of the electric field produced by nearby objects. Some beetles and snakes use heat-sensitive sense organs to detect sources of heat. The volume ends with a discussion of mechanisms used by animals
to navigate to a distant site. Ants find their way back to the nest by using landmarks and by integrating their walking movements. Several animals navigate by the stars or by polarized sunlight. It seems to be established that animals in several phyla navigate by detecting the Earth's magnetic
field.

Zielgruppe

Primary audience for the book Graduate students and researchers in psychophysics and neuroscience. Secondary audience Students and researchers in ophthalmology, optometry, animal behavior. Possibilities as a textbook It would be suitable as a textbook for a graduate course in Perception, Neuroscience, or Optometry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Howard, Ian P.

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Neurologie, Klinische Neurowissenschaft
• Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Biologische Psychologie, Neuropsychologie
• Naturwissenschaften Biowissenschaften Biowissenschaften Neurobiologie, Verhaltensbiologie
• Sozialwissenschaften Psychologie Allgemeine Psychologie Kognitionspsychologie Wahrnehmung
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Klinische und Innere Medizin Augenheilkunde, Optometrie
• Interdisziplinäres Wissenschaften Wissenschaften Interdisziplinär Neurowissenschaften, Kognitionswissenschaft

Inhaltsverzeichnis

25. Depth from accommodation and vergence
26. Depth from perspective
27. Depth from interposition and shading
28. Depth from motion parallax
29. Constancies in visual depth perception
30. Interactions between visual depth cues
31. Seeing motion-in-depth
32. Pathology of visual depth perception
33. Visual depth perception in the animal kingdom
34. Reaching and moving in 3-D space
35. Auditory distance perception
36. Electrolocation and thermal senses
37. Animal navigation
38. Final word

References
Subject index
Portrait index
Index of cited journals

Über Autor(innen)

Howard, Ian P.
Ian P. Howard graduated from Manchester University in 1952. He was a Lecturer in Psychology in Durham University from 1952 to 1965 and Associate Professor in Psychology in New York University from 1965 to 1966. In 1966 he was appointed Professor of Psychology at York University, Toronto, where is now Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology and Biology.