Horikoshi / Serpone RF Power Semiconductor Generator Application in Heating and Energy Utilization

1. Auflage 2020
ISBN: 978-981-15-3548-2
Verlag: Springer Nature Singapore
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 240 Seiten

This is a specialized book for researchers and technicians of universities and companies who are interested in the fundamentals of RF power semiconductors, their applications and market penetration.Looking around, we see that products using vacuum tube technology are disappearing. For example, branch tube TVs have changed to liquid crystal TVs, and fluorescent light have turned into LED. The switch from vacuum tube technology to semiconductor technology has progressed remarkably. At the same time, high-precision functionalization, miniaturization and energy saving have advanced. On the other hand, there is a magnetron which is a vacuum tube device for generating microwaves. However, even this vacuum tube technology has come to be replaced by RF power semiconductor technology. In the last few years the price of semiconductors has dropped sharply and its application to microwave heating and energy fields will proceed. In some fields the transition from magnetron microwave oscillator to semiconductor microwave oscillator has already begun. From now on this development will progress remarkably. 
Although there are several technical books on electrical systems that explain RF power semiconductors, there are no books yet based on users' viewpoints on actual microwave heating and energy fields. In particular, none have been written about exact usage and practical cases, to answer questions such as 'What are the advantages and disadvantages of RF power semiconductor oscillator?', 'What kind of field can be used?' and the difficulty of the market and application. Based on these issues, this book explains the RF power semiconductors from the user's point of view by covering a very wide range of fields.

Satoshi Horikoshi, Sophia University, Department of Materials and Life Sciences (Associate Professor). Microwave Science Research Center MSRC (Director). Satoshi Horikoshi received his Ph.D. degree in 1999, and was subsequently a postdoctoral researcher at the Frontier Research Center for the Global Environment Science (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) until 2006. He joined Sophia University as Assistant Professor in 2006, moved to Tokyo University of Science as Associate Professor in 2008, after which he returned to Sophia University, again as Associate Professor, in 2011. Currently he is Director of the Japan Society of Electromagnetic Wave Energy Applications (JEMEA), and is on the Editorial Advisory Board of the Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy a well as three other international journals. His research interests involve new functional material or nanomaterial synthesis, molecular biology, the formation of sustainable energy, and environmental protection using microwave-energy and/or photo-energy. He has co-authored over 190 scientific publications and has contributed to, and edited or co-edited, 23 books.  
Nick Serpone, Ph.D., F. EurASc. Visiting Professor, PhotoGreen Laboratory, Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Pavia, Italia.  Nick Serpone is Professor Emeritus (Concordia University, Montreal, Canada), and since 2002 has been a Visiting Professor at the University of Pavia (Italy). He was also a Visiting Professor at the Universities of Bologna and Ferrara (Italy), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (Switzerland), École Centrale de Lyon (France), and Tokyo University of Science (Japan), and a Guest Lecturer at the University of Milan (Italy). He was Program Director at the National Science Foundation (Washington, USA) and consultant to the 3M Company (USA). He has co-edited/co-authored several books, contributed 23 chapters to books, and published over 450 articles. His principal interests have focused on the photophysics and photochemistry of coordination compounds and metal-oxide semiconductors, environmental remediation, and microwave chemistry. He is a Fellow of the European Academy of Sciences (EurASc) where he is currently Head of the Materials Science Division.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Horikoshi, Satoshi

Serpone, Nick

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;About the Editors;9
4;Part I Solid State RF;11
5;1 RF Energy System with Solid State Device;12
5.1;1.1 Introduction;12
5.2;1.2 Basic Technology of a Microwave Amplifier with a Solid State Device;13
5.3;1.3 Recent Research and Development Status of Microwave Amplifiers;17
5.4;1.4 Recent Commercial High Power Microwave Amplifiers;20
5.5;1.5 New Microwave Heating Systems with Solid State Devices;22
5.6;1.6 Concluding Remarks;26
5.7;References;28
6;2 Solid-State RF Power Generators;33
6.1;2.1 Introduction;33
6.1.1;2.1.1 The Magnetron;33
6.1.2;2.1.2 Benefits of the Solid-State Generator;35
6.1.3;2.1.3 The Need for a Systems Approach;37
6.2;2.2 RF Power Semiconductors;38
6.2.1;2.2.1 LDMOS;39
6.2.2;2.2.2 GaN;42
6.2.3;2.2.3 Reliability and Thermal Behaviour;44
6.2.4;2.2.4 Ruggedness;45
6.2.5;2.2.5 Internal Impedance Matching;46
6.2.6;2.2.6 Simulation Models;46
6.3;2.3 RF Power Amplifier Design;47
6.3.1;2.3.1 Key Performance Parameters;47
6.3.2;2.3.2 Power Amplifier Classes;48
6.3.3;2.3.3 Power Amplifier Packaging;50
6.3.4;2.3.4 Impedance Matching;50
6.3.5;2.3.5 Bias and Control;52
6.3.6;2.3.6 Pulse Considerations;54
6.3.7;2.3.7 Power Monitoring;55
6.3.8;2.3.8 Integrated Power Amplifier Devices;55
6.4;2.4 Generator Architecture;56
6.4.1;2.4.1 Gain Budgeting;57
6.4.2;2.4.2 RF Power Oscillators;58
6.4.3;2.4.3 Power Combining;59
6.4.4;2.4.4 Signal Sources;67
6.4.5;2.4.5 Coherent Measurements;68
6.4.6;2.4.6 Thermal Management;70
6.5;2.5 Design Tools;71
6.6;References;74
7;Part II Heating Applications;77
8;3 Mechanism of Microwave Heating of Matter;78
8.1;3.1 What Is Heat?;78
8.2;3.2 Difference Between Microwave Frequency and Vibrations of Atoms/Molecules;81
8.3;3.3 Interaction Between Microwaves (Electromagnetic Waves) and Matter;82
8.4;3.4 Heating Mechanism by the Microwaves’ Electric (E-) Field;83
8.4.1;3.4.1 Molecules (Mainly Liquids);83
8.4.2;3.4.2 Inorganic Solids;86
8.5;3.5 Mechanism of Heating by the Microwaves’ Magnetic (H-) Field;87
8.5.1;3.5.1 Electric Conductor;88
8.5.2;3.5.2 Ferromagnetic Materials;89
8.5.3;3.5.3 Distinction Between Induction Current (Ohmic) Loss and Magnetic Loss;93
8.6;3.6 Converting Mechanisms of Microwave Energy into Heat;93
8.7;References;96
9;4 Microwave Flow Chemistry;97
9.1;4.1 Introduction;97
9.1.1;4.1.1 Microwave Heating Devices;97
9.1.2;4.1.2 Microwave Heating in Chemical Synthesis;99
9.1.3;4.1.3 Flow Chemistry: Principles and Benefits;100
9.1.4;4.1.4 Synergy of Flow Chemistry and Microwave Heating;101
9.1.5;4.1.5 Merits of a Semiconductor Microwave Generator in Flow Chemistry;103
9.2;4.2 Semiconductor Generators: Microwave Flow Chemistry Applications;104
9.2.1;4.2.1 Reported Reactor Configurations and Capabilities;104
9.2.2;4.2.2 High-Temperature Rearrangements and Cycloadditions;106
9.2.3;4.2.3 High-Temperature Alkylation Reactions;111
9.2.4;4.2.4 Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions;113
9.2.5;4.2.5 Reaction Optimization;114
9.3;4.3 Summary and Outlook;116
9.4;References and Notes;117
10;5 Curing of Adhesives and Resins with Microwaves;124
10.1;5.1 Molecular Polarization and Rotation;124
10.2;5.2 Reaction Kinetics;127
10.3;5.3 Thermodynamics;127
10.4;5.4 Field Size and Uniformity Effects;128
10.5;5.5 Variable Frequency Microwaves {VFM};129
10.6;5.6 Temperature Control of Adhesion;130
10.7;5.7 Unique Polymerization Characteristics;131
10.7.1;5.7.1 Thermoplastic Chemistries;132
10.7.2;5.7.2 Microwave Curing of Thermoplastics;132
10.7.3;5.7.3 Thermoset Chemistries;133
10.7.4;5.7.4 Microwave Curing of Thermosets;134
10.7.5;5.7.5 Commercial Adhesive Results;135
10.8;5.8 Stress and Temperature;136
10.9;5.9 Exothermic Temperature Control;139
10.10;5.10 Effects of Fillers in Adhesives;139
10.11;5.11 Application Failure Mechanisms;141
10.12;5.12 Interactions with UV Adhesives and Microwaves;141
10.13;5.13 Chemical Optimization for Microwaves;142
10.14;5.14 Commercial Adoption and Equipment;143
10.15;References;147
11;6 RF Cooking Ovens;149
11.1;6.1 Figures of Merit;149
11.1.1;6.1.1 Resonant Cavities;149
11.1.2;6.1.2 Quality Factor and Mode Separation;150
11.1.3;6.1.3 Electromagnetic Interaction with Food;151
11.2;6.2 Simulations;153
11.3;6.3 Intelligent Cooking;158
11.4;6.4 A Closed-Loop System;158
11.5;6.5 Performance Characterization;160
11.5.1;6.5.1 Efficiency;160
11.5.2;6.5.2 Uniformity;161
11.6;6.6 Concluding Remarks;164
11.7;References;165
12;7 Radio Frequency (RF) Discharge Lamps;166
12.1;7.1 The Beginning;166
12.2;7.2 Radio Frequency (RF) Discharge Lamps;169
12.3;7.3 Attractive Features of RF Discharge Lamps;172
12.4;7.4 Novel Application of RF Discharge L172
12.4.1;7.4.1 Enhancement of Reactions in Organic Synthesis by MDEL Systems;173
12.4.2;7.4.2 Environmental Remediation Using Microwave Dielectric Heating;174
12.5;7.5 Advantages of Using a Semiconductor Microwave Generator;174
12.6;7.6 Initiatives that a MDEL Lamp Should Aim for in the Future;176
12.7;7.7 Concluding Remarks;178
12.8;References;180
13;Part III Energy Applications;182
14;8 Microwave Plasma;183
14.1;8.1 Microwave Discharge Breakdown;183
14.2;8.2 Establishment of Steady-State Discharge;185
14.3;8.3 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Plasma;186
14.4;8.4 Production of Low-Pressure Microwave Plasma Without Magnetic Field (Surface Wave Plasma; SWP);188
14.5;8.5 Low-Pressure Microwave Plasma with Magnetic Field (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma; ECR Plasma);192
14.6;8.6 High-Pressure Microwave Plasma;193
14.7;8.7 Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma (APMP);194
14.8;References;195
15;9 Plasma-Assisted Combustion in Automobile Engines Using Semiconductor-Oscillated Microwave Discharge Igniters;197
15.1;9.1 Introduction;197
15.2;9.2 Heating System of Catalytic Converters Using Microwaves [13];198
15.2.1;9.2.1 Background;198
15.2.2;9.2.2 Experimental Setup and Results;201
15.2.3;9.2.3 Summary;203
15.3;9.3 Improvement in Combustion Performance and Lean Burn Limit by a Multi-point Microwave Discharge Igniter;204
15.3.1;9.3.1 Background;204
15.3.2;9.3.2 Microwave Oscillation and Control;205
15.3.3;9.3.3 MDI Performance Test with Constant Volume Combustion Chamber;209
15.3.4;9.3.4 MDI Performance Test with Multi-cylinder Engine;211
15.3.5;9.3.5 Load Performance Test of Lean Burn;212
15.3.6;9.3.6 Emission Performance Test of Lean Burn;214
15.3.7;9.3.7 Summary;214
15.4;9.4 A Novel Plasma Igniter;215
15.5;References;216
16;Part IV New Application;219
17;10 Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording;220
17.1;10.1 Introduction;220
17.2;10.2 Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording (MAMR);223
17.2.1;10.2.1 Microwave-Assisted Switching (MAS);223
17.2.2;10.2.2 Spin-Torque Oscillator (STO) for MAMR;229
17.3;10.3 MAMR-Based 3D Magnetic Recording;231
17.3.1;10.3.1 Layer-Selective MAS;231
17.3.2;10.3.2 STO Reader for 3D Recording;234
17.4;10.4 Summary;236
17.5;References;238