Hojny Modeling Steel Deformation in the Semi-Solid State

2. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-67976-1
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 47, 304 Seiten

Reihe: Advanced Structured Materials

This book offers a unique approach to integrated high-temperature process modelling, intended to serve as a design aid for new metal processing technologies. The second edition has been substantially expanded to include new content such as: a new algorithm and test results of 3D stereoscopic visualization; new programming procedures for modelling; the validation of computer simulation using experimental results; a multiscale model of grain growth; a conceptual methodology developing 'high-temperature' CCT (continuous cooling transformation) diagrams, and many more examples validating the numerical simulations. The models presented are applied in comprehensive tests in order to solve problems related to the high-temperature deformation of steel. The testing methods include both physical tests using specialist laboratory instruments, and advanced mathematical modelling: the Finite Element method (FE), Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method (SPH) and Monte Carlo method (MC).This approach, which integrates the fields of physical and computer-based simulations, forms the basis for the described concept of integrated high-temperature process modelling, presented in detail in this book.

Dr Marcin Hojny is a researcher and lecturer at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow, Poland, where he lectures on concurrent design systems as well as numerical methods and simulations. He is the author of the continuously developed DEFFEM simulation package as a development aid intended for use with modern Gleeble series research workstations. His scientific interests include the practical use of physical and computer simulations within the context of new technology development aids, mainly for the aviation and automotive industries. In particular, his work explores the modelling of processes and phenomena occurring at temperatures exceeding those seen in classic hot forming processing. He is the author of over 100 articles, including 16 from the Journal Citation Report (JCR) list, as well as two published books.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hojny, Marcin

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgments;6
2;Contents;7
3;Nomenclature;10
4;Abstract;13
5;1 Introduction;14
6;2 State of the Art;18
6.1;References;33
7;3 Aim of the Study;41
8;4 Integration of Physical and Computer Simulation;43
8.1;4.1 Characteristics of the Integrated Modelling Concept;43
8.2;4.2 Hybrid Analytical-Numerical Model of Mushy Steel Deformation;48
8.2.1;4.2.1 Resistance Heating Model;52
8.3;4.3 “One Decision Software”—The DEFFEM Package;54
8.4;4.4 Stereoscopic Visual Representation Algorithm for the 3D Gemini Barco Projection System;57
8.5;4.5 Summary;65
8.6;References;65
9;5 Spatial Solutions Based on the Smoothed Particle Method and the Finite Element Method—A Hybrid Approach;67
9.1;5.1 The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method;67
9.1.1;5.1.1 Fluid Model;69
9.1.2;5.1.2 Thermal Model;71
9.2;5.2 Test Cases to Validate the Fluid Solver;72
9.2.1;5.2.1 Free Particles Fall;72
9.2.2;5.2.2 Structure Impact;76
9.3;5.3 Test Simulation of the Hybrid Solution;78
9.4;5.4 Summary;84
9.5;References;85
10;6 Spatial Solutions Based on the Finite Element Method and the Monte Carlo Method—A Multi-scale Approach;86
10.1;6.1 Thermal Model;86
10.1.1;6.1.1 Discretization for Steady Heat Flow Cases;91
10.1.2;6.1.2 Discretization for Transient Heat Flow Cases;92
10.2;6.2 Solidification Model;93
10.3;6.3 Mechanical Model;95
10.3.1;6.3.1 Spatial Solution;97
10.3.1.1;6.3.1.1 Transformation of the Coordinate System and Integration;103
10.3.1.2;6.3.1.2 Time Problem;108
10.4;6.4 Grain Growth Model in the Comprehensive Description of the Heating-Melting-Solidification Process (Multi-scale Approach);110
10.5;References;112
11;7 Computer-Aided Physical Simulations Within the Context of New Technology Development;113
11.1;7.1 Material and Test Methodology;115
11.1.1;7.1.1 Samples and Tools;116
11.1.2;7.1.2 The Determination of Characteristic Temperatures;117
11.1.3;7.1.3 Thermal Process Map (TPM);120
11.2;7.2 Preliminary Experimental and Computer Simulation Research of Steel Deformation in the Semi-solid State;121
11.2.1;7.2.1 The Dependence of Steel Microstructure Parameters on the Cooling Rate During Solidification;126
11.2.2;7.2.2 High-Temperature Stress-Strain Relationships;129
11.2.3;7.2.3 Steel Ductility in the Continuous Casting Process;135
11.2.4;7.2.4 Deformation Above Nil Ductility Temperature;138
11.2.5;7.2.5 Macrostructure and Microstructure;141
11.3;7.3 Summary;153
11.4;References;155
12;8 An Integrated Modelling Concept Based upon Axially Symmetrical Models;156
12.1;8.1 Direct Simulation Using the Gleeble Thermo-Mechanical Simulator;156
12.1.1;8.1.1 Testing the Temperature Distribution;157
12.1.2;8.1.2 Macrostructure and Microstructure;160
12.2;8.2 Application of Tomography to the Spatial Analysis of the Melting Zone;168
12.3;8.3 Numerical Modelling with the DEFFEM Simulation System;175
12.3.1;8.3.1 Modelling of the Resistance Heating Process;175
12.3.1.1;8.3.1.1 Example Results of Resistance Heating;180
12.3.2;8.3.2 Modelling of the Deformation Process;186
12.3.2.1;8.3.2.1 Rheological Model;188
12.3.2.2;8.3.2.2 The Numerical Identification Methodology (NIM) for the Low Temperature Range;189
12.3.2.3;8.3.2.3 The Direct Identification Methodology (DIM) for the Extra-High Temperature Range;192
12.3.2.4;8.3.2.4 The Numerical Identification Methodology (NIM) for the Extra-High Temperature Range;198
12.4;8.4 Summary;207
12.5;References;208
13;9 An Integrated Modelling Concept Based upon Three-Dimensional Models;209
13.1;9.1 Modified Experimental Research Methodology;209
13.2;9.2 Resistance Heating Model;212
13.3;9.3 Modelling of the Resistance Heating Process;214
13.4;9.4 Modelling of the Deformation Process;224
13.5;9.5 Conceptual Microstructure Estimation Methodology;228
13.6;9.6 Modelling Grain Growth in a Complex Approach of the Heating-Melting-Cooling Process;239
13.6.1;9.6.1 Research Methodology and Plan;243
13.6.2;9.6.2 Macrostructural Tests;244
13.6.3;9.6.3 Numerical Modelling of Grain Growth;250
13.7;9.7 Summary;263
13.8;References;265
14;10 Summary and Future Work;266
15;Appendix A: Thermo-physical Properties of the S355 Grade Steel;269
16;Appendix B: Thermo-physical Properties of the C45 Grade Steel;273
17;Appendix C: Complete Source Code: Steady Heat Flow;278
18;Appendix D: Subroutine: Gauss Method;291
19;Appendix E: Subroutine: Transformation and Integration (3D);294
20;Appendix F: Function Calculating Geometry for Stereo Presentation;303