Heyrovský / Zuman Practical Polarography

An Introduction for Chemistry Students
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6497-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 246 Seiten, Web PDF

Practical Polarography: An Introduction for Chemistry Students provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of practical polarography. This book presents the developments in polarography and provides descriptions and procedures that should be readily available for use with any available polarograph. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of polarography that is widely employed in chemical analysis because the current-voltage curves show both the quantitative and qualitative composition of the solution. This text then explains the electrode in polarographic electrolysis, which consists either of a mercury pool at the bottom of the electrolytic cell that contains the solution under test, or of a special type of electrode of known potential. Other chapters consider the polarographic reduction of some metal ions and of some organic substances. The final chapter deals with the tables containing selected data of half-wave potentials measured against a saturated calomel electrode at 20-25°C. This book is a valuable resource for students, technicians, and chemists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Heyrovský, J.

Zuman, P.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Practical Polarography An Introduction for Chemistry Students
;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents
;8
5;PREFACE;6
6;Chapter I. Introduction
;10
6.1;1. Principles of Polarography;10
6.2;2. The Dropping Electrode;13
6.3;3. Fundamental Measurements using a Simple Arrangement; Polarographic Curve
;18
6.4;4. Reference Electrodes;21
6.5;5. Polarographic Cells;25
6.6;6. Supporting (Base) Electrolyte;32
6.7;7. Removal of Oxygen;35
6.8;8. Protection from Mercury Poisoning;37
7;Chapter II. Polarographic Curves and their Interpretation
;39
7.1;1. Types of Electrode Processes at the Dropping Electrode;39
7.2;2. Types of Polarographic Limiting Currents;41
7.3;3. Measurement of Limiting Currents;49
7.4;4. Significance and Measurement of Half-wave Potentials;51
8;Chapter III. Application of Instruments
;52
8.1;1. Polarographs and Some Auxiliary Electrical Equipment;52
8.2;2. Handling of Photographic Recording Polarographs;69
8.3;3. Handling of Pen Recording Polarographs;74
8.4;4. Checking the Apparatus;75
8.5;5. Disturbances and their Elimination;81
9;Chapter IV. Simple Polarographic Determinations
;87
9.1;1. Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide;90
9.2;2. Barium Traces in Strontium(ii) Salts : The Method of Standard Addition
;92
9.3;3. Reduction of Iodate and Bromate;94
9.4;4. Traces of Bromate in Chlorate;95
9.5;5. Determination of Iodate in Chile Saltpetre;96
9.6;6. Polarographic Spectrum;97
9.7;7. Determination of Zinc Dioxide in Lithopone;100
9.8;8. Determination of Copper and Zinc in Brass;101
9.9;9. Acetaldehyde and Formaldehyde;104
9.10;10. Determination of Formaldehyde in Pharmaceuticals;106
9.11;11. Purity of Ether;107
9.12;12. Reduction Waves of Glucose and Fructose;108
9.13;13. Determination of Fructose in Honey;110
9.14;14. Anodic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid;111
9.15;15. Determination of Traces of Nitrobenzene in Aniline
;114
9.16;16. Determination of Cystine;115
9.17;17. Protein Reaction (according to Brdicka)
;118
10;Chapter V. More Advanced Procedures in the Absence of Air
;121
10.1;1. Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite;121
10.2;2. Anodic Waves of Chloride Ions;123
10.3;3. Reduction and Oxidation Waves of Iron;125
10.4;4. Oxygen Determination;127
10.5;5. Acetone Determination;130
10.6;6. Determination of Alkali Metals; Application of Derivative Curves;131
10.7;7. Separation of Overlapping Waves;133
10.8;8. Consecutive Reductions;137
11;Chapter VI. Examples of Practical Applications
;140
11.1;1. Metallurgical;140
11.2;2. Polarographic Behaviour of Organic Substances;147
11.3;3. Applications in Pharmacy and Biochemistry;152
11.4;4. Polarography in the Food Industry;157
11.5;5. Polarography in Medicine;162
11.6;6. Microanalytical Determinations;166
11.7;7. Suppression of Maxima;171
11.8;8. Polarometric (Amperometric) Titrations;182
12;Chapter VII. Most Important Buffers
;188
12.1;1. Britton-Robinson Buffer (pH 2-12);188
12.2;2. Walpole Acetate Buffer (pH 3-6-5-6);189
12.3;3. Michaelis Phosphate Buffer (pH 5-3-8-3);189
12.4;4. Michaelis Borate Buffers (pH 7-6-12-3);190
12.5;5. Mcllvaine Buffer (pH 2-2-8-0);191
13;Chapter VIII. Tables of Half-Wave Potentials
;192
13.1;1. List of Tables;192
13.2;2. Symbols and Abbreviations;192
13.3;3. General Comments;193
14;Bibliography;225
15;SUBJECT INDEX;234