Herbst / Schüller Introduction to Syntactic Analysis
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-8233-7390-2
Verlag: Narr
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
A Valency Approach
E-Book, Englisch, Deutsch, 212 Seiten
Reihe: Narr Studienbücher
ISBN: 978-3-8233-7390-2
Verlag: Narr
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Prof. Dr. Thomas Herbst ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls Anglistik: Linguistik und Sprecher des Interdisziplinären Zentrums für Lexikografie, Valenz- und Kollokationsforschung an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. Susen Schüller, M.A. ist Assistentin am Lehrstuhl Anglistik: Linguistik an der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Table of contents;6
2;Preface;12
3;1 Preliminary remarks about syntactic analysis;14
3.1;1.1 Syntax and lexis;14
3.2;1.2 Sentence and clause;16
3.3;1.3 Clause constituents;17
3.3.1;1.3.1 Clause constituents at different levels;17
3.3.2;1.3.2 Identifying clause constituents;19
3.3.3;1.3.3 Relations between constituents;22
3.4;1.4 The importance of terminology;25
3.5;1.5 The aims of this book;27
4;2 The syntactic framework;29
4.1;2.1 Survey of the framework suggested;29
4.2;2.2 Elements of clause structure;31
4.2.1;2.2.1 Subject;31
4.2.2;2.2.2 Adjuncts;32
4.2.3;2.2.3 Predicate;33
4.3;2.3 Valency;34
4.3.1;2.3.1 Complements and adjuncts;34
4.3.2;2.3.2 Valency complements as constituents in clause structure;36
4.4;2.4 Phrases and clauses;37
4.4.1;2.4.1 Phrases;37
4.4.2;2.4.2 The structure of the phrase;38
4.4.3;2.4.3 Clauses as verb phrases;40
4.5;2.5 Coordination and subordination;40
4.5.1;2.5.1 Coordination;40
4.5.2;2.5.2 Coordinated and subordinate clauses;41
4.5.3;2.5.3 Clause and sentence;42
5;3 Word classes;44
5.1;3.1 Words – word classes;44
5.1.1;3.1.1 Problems of classification;44
5.1.1.1;3.1.1.1 The arbitrariness of word classes;44
5.1.1.2;3.1.1.2 What is a word and what is one word?;44
5.1.2;3.1.2 Criteria for word classes;47
5.1.3;3.1.3 English word classes;49
5.2;3.2 Word classes occurring in the verbal head-complex;50
5.2.1;3.2.1 Lexical verbs;50
5.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 Criteria for lexical verbs;50
5.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Verb forms;52
5.2.2;3.2.2 Modal verbs and primary verbs;52
5.2.2.1;3.2.2.1 Lexical verbs, modal verbs and primary verbs;52
5.2.2.2;3.2.2.2 Criteria for primary verbs;53
5.2.2.3;3.2.2.3 Modal verbs;55
5.2.2.4;3.2.2.4 Dare, need and ought;56
5.2.3;3.2.3 The verbal head-complex;56
5.3;3.3 Word classes occurring in the head-complex of the noun phrase;58
5.3.1;3.3.1 Lexical nouns;58
5.3.1.1;3.3.1.1 Criteria for lexical nouns;58
5.3.1.2;3.3.1.2 Classes of lexical nouns;59
5.3.2;3.3.2 Pronouns;62
5.3.2.1;3.3.2.1 Word classes in the head-complex of the noun phrase: an overview;62
5.3.2.2;3.3.2.2 Subclasses of pure pronouns;63
5.3.2.3;3.3.2.3 Personal pronouns;64
5.3.2.4;3.3.2.4 Reflexive pronouns;65
5.3.2.5;3.3.2.5 Reciprocal pronouns;65
5.3.2.6;3.3.2.6 Indefinite pronouns;66
5.3.2.7;3.3.2.7 Temporal pronouns;66
5.3.2.8;3.3.2.8 who and which;67
5.3.3;3.3.3 Determiner-pronouns;67
5.3.4;3.3.4 Pure determiners;69
5.3.5;3.3.5 Lexical nouns, pronouns, determiner-pronouns and pure determiners in the noun phrase;69
5.4;3.4 Adjectives;71
5.5;3.5 Adverbs and particles;72
5.5.1;3.5.1 Adverbs;72
5.5.2;3.5.2 The category particles;74
5.5.3;3.5.3 Adverbs and particles versus adverbs, prepositions and subordinating conjunctions;76
5.5.3.1;3.5.3.1 Traditional adverbs, prepositions and subordinating conjunctions;76
5.5.3.2;3.5.3.2 Reasons for the particle category;77
5.6;3.6 Conjunctions;81
5.7;3.7 Interjections;82
5.8;3.8 Limits of classification;82
5.8.1;3.8.1 Relative and interrogative words;82
5.8.2;3.8.2 Item-specific properties and special uses;84
5.8.3;3.8.3 Problems of classification;85
5.8.4;3.8.4 One word or several words;86
5.8.5;3.8.5 Item-specific knowledge and word classes;87
5.9;3.9 Survey of differences;87
6;4 Phrases;89
6.1;4.1 The character of the phrase;89
6.1.1;4.1.1 Syntactic units beyond the word;89
6.1.2;4.1.2 Phrase constituents;90
6.1.3;4.1.3 Heads and head-complexes;90
6.1.4;4.1.4 Complements and modifiers;91
6.2;4.2 Noun phrase;91
6.2.1;4.2.1 Reference;91
6.2.2;4.2.2 The head-complex of the noun phrase: pre-heads and heads;92
6.2.3;4.2.3 Complements;94
6.2.4;4.2.4 Modifiers;94
6.2.5;4.2.5 Structure of the noun phrase;96
6.2.6;4.2.6 Elliptical noun phrases and special noun phrase construction;98
6.2.7;4.2.7 Typical elements of noun phrases;100
6.3;4.3 Adjective phrases;100
6.4;4.4 Adverb phrases;101
6.5;4.5 Particle phrases;102
6.5.1;4.5.1 Structure of the particle phrase;102
6.5.2;4.5.2 Headed or non-headed particle phrases;104
7;5 Clauses;106
7.1;5.1 Constituents of clause structure;106
7.2;5.2 Functions of clauses;108
7.3;5.3 Different types of clauses;110
7.3.1;5.3.1 Subject – predicate – adjunct;110
7.3.2;5.3.2 Finite and non-finite clauses;111
7.3.3;5.3.3 Active and passive clauses;112
7.3.4;5.3.4 Clauses with subject and without subject;112
7.3.5;5.3.5 Word order;113
7.3.6;5.3.6 Wh-clauses;113
7.3.7;5.3.7 Relative clauses;114
7.4;5.4 Clause types;115
7.4.1;5.4.1 The notion of clause type;115
7.4.2;5.4.2 Finite clauses;116
7.4.3;5.4.3 Non-finite clauses without subject;117
7.4.4;5.4.4 Non-finite clauses with subject;118
7.5;5.5 Quasi-clauses;119
8;6 Valency;121
8.1;6.1 Basic concepts of the valency model;121
8.1.1;6.1.1 Valency slots;121
8.1.2;6.1.2 Complements and adjuncts;122
8.2;6.2 Different degrees of optionality;123
8.2.1;6.2.1 Obligatory, optional and contextually optional complement slots;123
8.2.2;6.2.2 Three levels of necessity;125
8.3;6.3 Distinguishing between complements and adjuncts;126
8.4;6.4 Formal realisations of complements;130
8.4.1;6.4.1 Formal and functional properties in the characterization of complements;130
8.4.2;6.4.2 Types of complement;131
8.4.2.1;6.4.2.1 Phrases and clauses;131
8.4.2.2;6.4.2.2 Particle complements;132
8.4.2.3;6.4.2.3 Particle complements or prepositional verbs?;133
8.4.2.4;6.4.2.4 Unspecified particle phrase complements;134
8.4.2.5;6.4.2.5 Further complements;135
8.4.2.6;6.4.2.6 Pro-forms;135
8.4.2.7;6.4.2.7 List of complements;136
8.4.2.8;6.4.2.8 Discontinuous realisations of complements;137
8.4.3;6.4.3 One complement or two?;138
8.5;6.5 Semantic valency: participants30;139
8.5.1;6.5.1 Participant roles;139
8.5.2;6.5.2 Selected semantic roles;144
8.5.3;6.5.3 Participants and complements;147
8.5.3.1;6.5.3.1 Participant and complement sharing;147
8.5.3.2;6.5.3.2 Participant mergers and impersonal uses;148
8.6;6.6 Quantitative valency;149
8.7;6.7 Complement inventories or valency patterns;150
8.7.1;6.7.1 Complement inventory;150
8.7.2;6.7.2 Valency patterns and valency constructions;151
8.7.2.1;6.7.2.1 Valency patterns;151
8.7.2.2;6.7.2.2 Valency constructions;152
8.7.2.3;6.7.2.3 Valency constructions or complement inventories;153
8.8;6.8 Possible valency carriers;154
8.8.1;6.8.1 Verbs, adjectives and nouns – lexical units;154
8.8.2;6.8.2 Particles as valency carriers;156
8.8.3;6.8.3 Idioms and other item-based constructions;159
8.8.3.1;6.8.3.1 Idiomatic combinations;159
8.8.3.2;6.8.3.2 Phrasal verbs;159
9;7 The meaning of sentences;161
9.1;7.1 Sentence types;161
9.1.1;7.1.1 Sentence types and meaning;161
9.1.2;7.1.2 Statements and questions;162
9.1.2.1;7.1.2.1 Major types of statements and questions;162
9.1.2.2;7.1.2.2 Context-bound types of statements and questions;166
9.1.3;7.1.3 Directives;167
9.1.4;7.1.4 Minor sentence types;168
9.2;7.2 Sentence meaning;170
9.2.1;7.2.1 Conceptual or propositional meaning;170
9.2.2;7.2.2 Perspective;170
9.2.2.1;7.2.2.1 Thematic meaning;170
9.2.2.2;7.2.2.2 Perspectivization and lexical choice;171
9.2.2.3;7.2.2.3 Participant roles and clausal roles;171
10;8 Analysis of sentences;177
10.1;8.1 Clause units;177
10.1.1;8.1.1 Clause units as a combination of structural and valency criteria;177
10.1.2;8.1.2 Description of SCUs and PCUs;179
10.2;8.2 Alternative accounts of clause structure;180
10.2.1;8.2.1 PCUs versus objects, predicatives and adverbials;180
10.2.2;8.2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of traditional terminology;182
11;9 Analytic framework;186
11.1;9.1 Steps in the analysis of sentences;186
11.2;9.2 Examples of syntactic analysis6;192
12;Bibliography;207
13;Index;214
14;Glossary;220
15;Abbreviations used in the analysis of sentences;223