Laboratory animals in vaccine production and control

Replacement, reduction and refinement
Softcover Nachdruck of the original 1. Auflage 1988
ISBN: 978-94-010-7088-1
Verlag: Springer Netherlands

Buch, Englisch, Band 20, 174 Seiten, Paperback, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 235 mm, Gewicht: 283 g

Reihe: Developments in Hematology and Immunology

9. REFERENCES 90 CHAPTER 9: OPPORTUNITIES FOR REPLACEMENT, REDUCTION AND REFINEMENT: HUMAN VIRAL VACCINES 93 1. INTRODUCTION 93 2. TESTS FOR EXTRANEOUS MICROORGANISMS 94 3. MUMPS VACCINE. 94 4. HEPATITIS B VACCINE 95 4. 1. Test for freedom from live hepatitis virus 95 4. 2. Potency test 95 5. INFLUENZA VACCINE 96 5. 1. Potency test 96 5. 2. Abnormal-toxicity test 96 6. MEASLES VACCINE. 96 6. 1. Tests for extraneous agents 97 6. 1. 1. Test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis 97 6. 1. 2. Test for extraneous viruses 97 6. 2. Abnormal-toxicity test 98 7. POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE. 99 7. A. Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine 99 7. A. l. Production. 99 7. A. 2. Test for residual live virus 99 7. A. 3. Tests for extraneous agents 100 7. A. 3. l. Test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 100 7. A. 3. 2. Test for extraneous viruses 100 7. A. 4. Tumourigenicity test. 100 XII 7. A. 5. Potency test. 101 7. A. 6. Test for abnormal toxicity 102 7. B. Live, oral poliomyelitis vaccine 103 7. B. l. Test for extraneous agents 103 7. B. 2. Test for neurovirulence 105 7. B. 3. Test for abnormal toxicity 106 8. RABIES VACCINE 106 8. 1. Production 106 8. 2. Test for residual live virus 107 8. 3. Tests for extraneous microorganisms 107 8. 3. 1. Test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis 107 8. 3. 2. Tests for extraneous viruses 108 8. 3. 2. 1. In dogs 108 8. 3. 2. 2.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hendriksen, C. F. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1: Introduction.- 2: Animal Experimentation and the Development of Vaccines: A Brief Historical Outline.- 1. The Ancient World.- 2. The 19Th Century.- 3. The 20th Century.- 4. References.- 3: The Historical Role of Animal Experiments in the Development of Diphtheria Prophylaxis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinico-Pathological Research.- 3. Diphtheria Prophylaxis.- 4. Quality Control.- 5. Recent Developments.- 6. References.- 4: Vaccine Development and Production.- 1. Development.- 2. Production.- 3. Vaccine Production in the Netherlands.- 4. Quality Control.- 5. Guidelines.- 6. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).- 7. References.- 5: Experimental Animals and Animal Experiments.- 1. Extent of the Research.- 2. Purpose of the Research.- 3. Relevance of the Tests.- 4. Distress.- 5. References.- 6: Animal Experimentation and its Shortcomings.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Limitations of Animal Experimentation.- 3. References.- 7: Alternatives to and in Animal Experimentation.- 1. Definition.- 2. History.- 3. Possibilities.- 4. Approach.- 5. References.- 8: Opportunities for Replacement, Reduction or Refinement: Human Bacterial Vaccines.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Bcg Vaccine.- 3. Cholera Vaccine.- 4. Diphtheria Vaccine.- 5. Pertussis Vaccine.- 6. Tetanus Vaccine.- 7. Typhoid Vaccine.- 8. Summary.- 9. References.- 9: Opportunities for Replacement, Reduction and Refinement: Human Viral Vaccines.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Tests for Extraneous Microorganisms.- 3. Mumps Vaccine.- 4. Hepatitis B Vaccine.- 5. Influenza Vaccine.- 6. Measles Vaccine.- 7. Poliomyelitis Vaccine.- 8. Rabies Vaccine.- 9. Rubella Vaccine.- 10. Summary.- 11. References.- 10: Opportunities for Replacement, Reduction or Refinement: Poultry Vaccines.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Live, Attenuated Poultry Vaccines.- 3. Inactivated PoultryVaccines.- 4. Summary.- 5. References.- 11: Opportunities for Replacement, Reduction or Refinement: Veterinary Vaccines For Mammals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Safety Evaluation (general).- 3. Vaccines for Dogs.- 4. Vaccines for Horses.- 5. Vaccines for Cattle.- 6. Vaccines for Pigs.- 7. Summary.- 8. References.- 12: Replacement, Reduction or Refinement: An Indirect Approach.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Harmonizing the Guidelines.- 3. Reviewing the Need for Re-Testing by the National Control Authorities.- 4. Combining Several Tests.- 5. Using Inbred Animal Strains.- 6. Increasing the Size of Vaccine Batches.- 7. Relaxing The Body Weight Specifications.- 8. Re-Using Animals.- 9. Using Specific Pathogen-Free (Spf) Animals.- 10. Reducing or Suppressing Pain.- 11. References.- 13: Future Prospects.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Vaccine Production.- 3. Vaccine Control.- 4. References.- 14: Final Comments and Recommendations.