Hedges / Dunn Academic Crowdsourcing in the Humanities

Crowds, Communities and Co-production
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-0-08-101045-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 190 Seiten

Reihe: Chandos Information Professional Series

Academic Crowdsourcing in the Humanities lays the foundations for a theoretical framework to understand the value of crowdsourcing, an avenue that is increasingly becoming important to academia as the web transforms collaboration and communication and blurs institutional and professional boundaries. Crowdsourcing projects in the humanities have, for the most part, focused on the generation or enhancement of content in a variety of ways, leveraging the rich resources of knowledge, creativity, effort and interest among the public to contribute to academic discourse. This book explores methodologies, tactics and the 'citizen science' involved. - Addresses crowdsourcing for the humanities and cultural material - Provides a systematic, academic analysis of crowdsourcing concepts and methodologies - Situates crowdsourcing conceptually within the context of related concepts, such as 'citizen science', 'wisdom of crowds', and 'public engagement'

Mark Hedges is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Digital Humanities at King's College London. His original academic background was in mathematics and philosophy, and he gained a PhD in mathematics at University College London, before starting a 17-year career in the software and systems consultancy industry, working on large-scale development projects for industrial and commercial clients. After a brief career break, he began his career at King's at the Arts and Humanities Data Service, before moving to his current position, in which he has taught on a variety of modules in the MA in Digital Asset and Media Management and MA in Digital Curation. His research interests include digital curation and digital archives, their role in research, and their relationships with broader research environments and infrastructures, and since 2012 he has been carrying out research on crowdsourcing and participatory methods in the humanities.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hedges, Mark

Dunn, Stuart

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;ACADEMIC CROWDSOURCING IN THE HUMANITIES;2
2;Series Page;3
3;ACADEMIC CROWDSOURCING IN THE HUMANITIES: Crowds, Communities and Co-production;4
4;Copyright;5
5;CONTENTS;6
6;ABOUT THE AUTHORS;10
7;PREFACE;12
8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;16
9;1 - Introduction: academic crowdsourcing from the periphery to the centre;18
9.1;INTRODUCTION;18
9.2;CROWDSOURCING, CITIZEN SCIENCE AND ENGAGEMENT;21
9.3;CROWD CONNECTIVITY: THE RISE OF SOCIAL MEDIA;23
9.4;METHODOLOGY;25
10;2 - From citizen science to community co-production;30
10.1;THE BUSINESS OF CROWDSOURCING;30
10.2;CROWDSOURCING IN THE ACADEMY;32
10.3;CROWDSOURCING AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT;36
10.4;COMMUNITIES OF CROWDSOURCING: SELF-ORGANIZATION AND CO-PRODUCTION;40
10.5;TERMINOLOGIES AND TYPOLOGIES FOR HUMANITIES CROWDSOURCING;41
11;3 - Processes and products: a typology of crowdsourcing;44
11.1;HUMANITIES CROWDSOURCING: A TYPOLOGY;45
11.2;PROCESS TYPES;46
11.2.1;Transcribing;46
11.2.2;Beyond transcription: correcting and modifying content;50
11.2.3;Crowdsourcing as knowledge organization;51
11.2.4;Crowdsourcing as creation and commentary;53
11.2.5;Spatial processes: mapping and georeferencing;54
11.2.6;Translating;55
11.3;ASSET TYPES;55
11.3.1;Geospatial;56
11.3.2;Text;57
11.3.3;Image;57
11.3.4;Media assets: sound and video;59
11.3.5;Ephemera and intangible cultural heritage;60
11.3.6;Numerical or statistical information;60
11.4;TASK TYPES;61
11.5;OUTPUT TYPES;63
11.6;CONCLUSION;66
12;4 - Crowdsourcing applied: case studies;68
12.1;GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION;68
12.1.1;Community archaeology;68
12.1.2;Georeferencing;72
12.2;TEXT;73
12.2.1;Lexicography;73
12.2.2;Text interpretation;76
12.3;IMAGE;78
12.3.1;Classification of images;79
12.3.2;Tagging images;80
12.3.3;Investigating images;82
12.3.4;Researching (old) images;84
12.4;CONCLUSION;85
13;5 - Roles and communities;88
13.1;INTRODUCTION AND KEY QUESTIONS;88
13.2;SOLITARY ROLES VERSUS COLLABORATIVE ROLES;91
13.3;NETWORKS OF ROLES;94
13.4;COLLABORATIVE ROLES;97
13.5;ROLES AND EMPOWERMENT;99
13.6;ROLES AND CONFLICT;100
13.7;CONCLUSION;101
14;6 - Motivations and benefits;104
14.1;MOTIVATIONS, INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC;104
14.2;FROM COMMERCIAL TO ACADEMIC CROWDSOURCING;106
14.3;THE ROLE OF COMPETITION;109
14.4;LEARNING AND ‘UPSKILLING’;111
14.5;GAMIFICATION;113
14.6;COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL MOTIVATIONS;116
14.7;EVOLVING MOTIVATIONS;118
14.8;MOTIVATIONS OF ACADEMICS AND OTHER PROJECT ORGANIZERS;118
14.9;CONCLUSION;120
15;7 - Ethical issues in humanities crowdsourcing;122
15.1;WHAT DO WE MEAN BY ETHICS IN HUMANITIES CROWDSOURCING?;122
15.2;ETHICS AND THE CROWDSOURCING INDUSTRY;123
15.3;LABOUR AND EXPLOITATION IN HUMANITIES CROWDSOURCING;125
15.4;WHOSE DATA IS IT ANYWAY?;131
15.5;PASTORAL CONCERNS AND PARTICIPANT WELL-BEING;133
15.6;CROWDSOURCING AS PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH;135
15.7;COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH;140
15.8;CONCLUSION;141
16;8 - Crowdsourcing and memory;144
16.1;INTRODUCTION;144
16.2;INTERNET MEMORY;145
16.3;COLLECTIVE MEMORY;146
16.4;INDIVIDUAL MEMORY;147
16.5;MEMORY AND STRUCTURE;149
16.6;GENERIC CROWD MEMORY: SHARED METHODOLOGICAL NARRATIVES;150
16.6.1;Transcribing;151
16.6.2;Collaborative tagging;152
16.6.3;Recording and creating content;153
16.6.4;Correcting/modifying content;154
16.6.5;Categorizing and cataloguing;155
16.6.6;Contextualizing;156
16.6.7;Mapping;157
16.6.8;Georeferencing;159
16.6.9;Translating;161
16.7;CONCLUSION;161
17;9 - Crowds past, present and future;164
17.1;THREE PHASES OF CROWDSOURCING;164
17.1.1;The first phase: functional crowdsourcing;165
17.1.2;The second phase: crowdsourcing 2.0;166
17.1.3;The third phase: co-production;167
17.2;SOME FUTURES OF CROWDSOURCING;168
17.2.1;Combining human and machine intelligence;168
17.2.2;Crowdsourcing and self-development;171
17.2.3;Public engagement and public involvement;172
17.2.4;Data literacy and social inclusion;173
17.3;CONCLUSIONS;174
18;BIBLIOGRAPHY;176
19;INDEX;186
19.1;A;186
19.2;B;186
19.3;C;186
19.4;D;187
19.5;E;187
19.6;G;188
19.7;H;188
19.8;I;188
19.9;K;189
19.10;M;189
19.11;N;189
19.12;O;190
19.13;P;190
19.14;S;190
19.15;T;190
19.16;U;191
19.17;W;191