Hawkesford / De Kok Sulfur in Plants

An Ecological Perspective
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-1-4020-5887-5
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 6, 265 Seiten

Reihe: Plant Ecophysiology

This book presents the latest findings on how plants respond physiologically to sulfur in their environment. It combines an ecosystems approach with new insights at the molecular and biochemical level. Key areas are explored to assess the functions and implications of this essential plant nutrient in a range of natural, semi-natural and anthropogenic environments. The result is an important new reference on the relationships between plants and sulfur.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Hawkesford, Malcolm J.

De Kok, Luit J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;CONTENTS;6
2;CONTRIBUTORS;7
3;PREFACE;10
4;Chapter 1 SULFUR AND PLANT ECOLOGY: A CENTRAL ROLE OF SULFATE TRANSPORTERS IN RESPONSES TO SULFUR AVAILABILITY;11
4.1;INTRODUCTION;11
4.2;STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH FLUCTUATIONS OF SULFUR AVAILABILITY;13
4.3;TRANSPORTERS INVOLVED IN UPTAKE AND PARTITIONING;15
4.4;THE MULTIPLE RESPONSES OF METABOLISM, GENE EXPRESSION AND GROWTH FORM TO S- LIMITATION;18
4.5;HOW PLANTS DEAL WITH TOO MUCH SULFUR;19
4.6;CONCLUSIONS – SUPPLY AND DEMAND AND CONSEQUENCES FOR ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION;21
4.7;REFERENCES;22
5;Chapter 2 SULFUR INTERACTIONS IN CROP ECOSYSTEMS;26
5.1;INTRODUCTION;26
5.2;ADAPTATION OF THE PLANT RHIZOSPHERE TO CHANGES IN THE S SUPPLY;29
5.3;S TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES AND S SPECIATION IN SOILS;30
5.4;SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF S IN SOILS;36
5.5;S-CONTAINING ALLELOCHEMICALS;38
5.6;ADAPTATION OF PLANT GROWTH TO CHANGES IN THE S SUPPLY;42
5.7;YIELD STRUCTURE;43
5.8;BIOMASS DEVELOPMENT;49
5.9;DRY MATTER COMPOSITION;53
5.10;REFERENCES;56
6;Chapter 3 SULFUR IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS;68
6.1;INTRODUCTION;68
6.2;SULFUR NUTRITION AND METABOLISM OF TREES;68
6.3;SULFUR TOXICITY ON TREES AND FOREST ECOSYSTEMS;72
6.4;SULFUR COMPOUNDS IN TREE DEFENCE AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS;76
6.5;CONCLUSIONS;80
6.6;REFERENCES;81
7;Chapter 4 SULFUR IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT;85
7.1;INTRODUCTION;85
7.2;THE MARINE SULFUR CYCLE AND GLOBAL CLIMATE;86
7.3;BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF DMSP PRODUCTION;87
7.4;DMSP AS A COMPATIBLE SOLUTE;89
7.5;WHAT CONTROLS THE PRODUCTION OF DMSP?;91
7.6;REFERENCES;95
8;Chapter 5 ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR;99
8.1;INTRODUCTION;99
8.2;ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR AND PLANT FUNCTIONING;100
8.3;EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN PLANTS AND ATMOSPHERE;103
8.4;FOLIAR DEPOSITION OF SULFUR GASES;104
8.5;FOLIAR EMISSION OF SULFUR GASES;105
8.6;METABOLISM OF SULFUR GASES;106
8.7;CONCLUSIONS;109
8.8;REFERENCES;110
9;Chapter 6 SULFUR IN PLANTS AS PART OF A METABOLIC NETWORK;115
9.1;INTRODUCTION;115
9.2;PLANT SULFUR NUTRITION;118
9.3;SULFUR ASSIMILATION AND REDUCTION;121
9.4;METHIONINE BIOSYNTHESIS;123
9.5;GENOMICS OF PLANT SULFATE METABOLISM – SULFUR AS PART OF METABOLIC NETWORKS;126
9.6;CONCLUSIONS;136
9.7;REFERENCES;139
10;Chapter 7 SULFUR IN RESISTANCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES;151
10.1;INTRODUCTION;151
10.2;REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES;152
10.3;ANTIOXIDANTS;152
10.4;GLUTATHIONE SYNTHESIS;154
10.5;SULFATE UPTAKE AND ASSIMILATION;155
10.6;PHYSICAL FACTORS CAUSING OXIDATIVE STRESS;156
10.7;CHEMICAL FACTORS CAUSING OXIDATIVE STRESS;159
10.8;GSH AND ROS IN SIGNALING;165
10.9;ACCLIMATION TO STRESS THROUGH GLUTATHIONE;166
10.10;CONCLUSIONS;168
10.11;REFERENCES;168
11;Chapter 8 METABOLISM IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND PLANT SULFUR MOLECULAR LINKS BETWEEN METALS;177
11.1;INTRODUCTION;177
11.2;CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF ACCUMULATED METALS AND METAL CHELATORS;179
11.3;SULFUR METABOLISM AND REGULATION OF SULFUR- RELATED GENE EXPRESSION UNDER CADMIUM STRESS;181
11.4;METAL HYPERACCUMUALATION AND SULFUR COMPOUNDS;183
11.5;THE “OMICS” TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED TO METAL RESPONSES LINKED TO SULFUR;193
11.6;CONCLUSIONS;195
11.7;REFERENCES;196
12;Chapter 9 SULFUR IN BIOTIC INTERACTIONS OF PLANTS;204
12.1;INTRODUCTION;204
12.2;POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BIOTIC INTERACTIONS IN PLANTS;205
12.3;SULFUR-RICH PROTEINS AND THEIR ROLE IN PLANT DEFENCE;208
12.4;GLUCOSINOLATES AND ALLIINS: PLANT-BASED PEST CONTROL;212
12.5;NEW SULFUR COMPOUNDS AS FACTORS OF PLANT DEFENCE: ELEMENTAL SULFUR AND SULFIDE;217
12.6;INTEGRATION OF SULFUR METABOLISM AND SULFUR- ENHANCED DEFENCE;219
12.7;REFERENCES;224
13;Chapter 10 SELENIUM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SULFUR;232
13.1;INTRODUCTION;232
13.2;SELENIUM UPTAKE, ASSIMILATION, AND ACCUMULATION BY PLANTS;234
13.3;ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS TO SELENIUM ACCUMULATION BY PLANTS;241
13.4;PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED BY SELENIUM;244
13.5;BIOFORTIFICATION OF CROPS WITH SELENIUM;247
13.6;CONCLUSIONS;249
13.7;REFERENCES;250
14;INDEX;260