Harper / Palen / Taylor The Inside Text

Social, Cultural and Design Perspectives on SMS
1. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-1-4020-3060-4
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 4, 332 Seiten

Reihe: Computer Supported Cooperative Work

SMS or Text is one of the most popular forms of messaging. Yet, despite its immense popularity, SMS has remained unexamined by science. Not only that, but the commercial organisations, who have been forced to offer SMS by a demanding public, have had very little idea why it has been successful. Indeed, they have, until very recently, planned to replace SMS with other messaging services such as MMS. This book is the first to bring together scientific studies into the values that 'texting' provides, examining both cultural variation in countries as different as the Philippines and Germany, as well as the differences between SMS and other communications channels like Instant Messaging and the traditional letter. It presents usability and design research which explores how SMS will evolve and what is likely to be the pattern of person-to-person messaging in the future. In short, The Inside Text is a fundamental resource for anyone interested in mobile communications at the start of the 21st Century.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Harper, R.

Palen, L.

Taylor, A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Table of Contents;7
2;Contributors;13
3;Inside Text: an introduction;15
3.1;Richard Harper, Leysia Palen and Alex Taylor;15
3.2;References;19
4;Section One: Text versus Talk;22
4.1;1 Changing Cultures of Written Communication: Letter – E-mail – SMS;23
4.1.1;Introduction;23
4.1.2;Forms and functions of ‘letter-like’ communication – empirical findings;26
4.1.3;The changing of medial practices – some theoretical reflections;36
4.1.4;References;42
4.2;2 Language in SMS – a socio-linguistic view;47
4.2.1;Introduction;47
4.2.2;The communicative setting of mobile text messaging;48
4.2.3;Written or spoken language in mobile text messaging?;49
4.2.4;Previous studies of mobile text messaging;50
4.2.5;Data and Methods;52
4.2.6;Results;54
4.2.7;Conclusions;63
4.2.8;References;64
4.3;3 Please reply! The replying norm in adolescent SMS communication;67
4.3.1;Introduction;67
4.3.2;The reply obligation to the initiating SMS;68
4.3.3;The deviating sequence;71
4.3.4;The continuing sequence;78
4.3.5;Alternative replying options: when the SMS is responded to with a telephone call;79
4.3.6;SMS messages which do not require a response;82
4.3.7;Chain messages;82
4.3.8;Night time messages;83
4.3.9;Messages as a P.S. to a telephone call;83
4.3.10;Conclusion;85
4.3.11;References;86
4.4;4 Nascent Communication Genres within SMS and MMS;89
4.4.1;Introduction;89
4.4.2;SMS and MMS diffusion;91
4.4.3;What is a genre?;92
4.4.4;Typifications of SMS;98
4.4.5;The context of SMS;102
4.4.6;The MMS experience;104
4.4.7;MMS as a post card;105
4.4.8;MMS as documentation;107
4.4.9;MMS as quasi-technical documentation;108
4.4.10;Other MMS genres;109
4.4.11;Textual and pictorial interaction;110
4.4.12;References;113
5;Section Two: Texting and the Moral Order of Place;116
5.1;5 From Voice to Text: continuity and change in the use of mobile phones in France and Japan;117
5.1.1;Introduction;117
5.1.2;Using Email and SMS in France and Japan;119
5.1.3;Japan: switching from voice to mobile text;119
5.1.4;SMS in France;124
5.1.5;Motivations;127
5.1.6;Embarrassment and ordinary phone calls;130
5.1.7;Mobile messaging and the display of emotions;134
5.1.8;Conclusion: the dynamics of direct and indirect exchanges in mediated communication;137
5.1.9;References;140
5.2;6 Intimate Connections: Contextualizing Japanese youth and mobile messaging;141
5.2.1;Introduction;141
5.2.2;Method and conceptual framework;142
5.2.3;Japanese youth and the politics of place;147
5.2.4;Tele-cocooning in the full-time intimate community;151
5.2.5;Cultural politics of youth mobile media;153
5.2.6;Conclusions;156
5.2.7;Acknowledgements;157
5.2.8;References;157
5.3;7 The Breakthrough of Text Messaging in Finland;161
5.3.1;Introduction;161
5.3.2;Continuous use;162
5.3.3;Playful text messaging?;165
5.3.4;Group messages;167
5.3.5;Problems and luck in interpretation;168
5.3.6;Sharing the same rhythm – synchronous living;170
5.3.7;Conclusions;171
5.3.8;Acknowledgements;172
5.3.9;References;172
5.4;8 SMS Use Among Deaf Teens and Young Adults in Norway;175
5.4.1;Introduction;175
5.4.2;The deaf and their technologies;176
5.4.2.1;The deaf in Norway;176
5.4.2.2;Technology for the deaf;177
5.4.3;The study;178
5.4.3.1;Methods;178
5.4.3.2;Theoretical grounding;178
5.4.3.3;Findings;180
5.4.4;Conclusion;187
5.4.5;Acknowledgements;187
5.4.6;References;187
5.5;9 Mobile Communications vis-à-vis Teen Emancipation, Peer Group Integration and Deviance;189
5.5.1;Introduction;189
5.5.2;Method;192
5.5.3;Mobile communications access and use;193
5.5.4;The social context of teens;195
5.5.5;Results;196
5.5.5.1;Voice mobile telephony;196
5.5.5.2;SMS;198
5.5.6;Discussion;199
5.5.6.1;Integration into the group;199
5.5.6.2;Boundary-testing;200
5.5.6.3;Serious criminality;200
5.5.6.4;Mobile communication and teen deviance;201
5.5.7;Appendix: Regression results;204
5.5.8;Regression results from the analysis of SMS use;205
5.5.9;References;206
5.6;10 Desire and Loathing in the Cyber Philippines;209
5.6.1;Introduction;209
5.6.2;Ping-Ping & Albert part 1;209
5.6.3;Lexical moonshine;212
5.6.4;The Philippines – the text capital of the World;213
5.6.5;Txt 2 txt;216
5.6.6;Part II: Albert & Raquel;221
5.6.7;Albert & Raquel;224
5.6.8;Shunning notions of perpetual contact;225
5.6.9;Fidelity, adultery and something in between;228
5.6.10;Raquel’s dilemma;229
5.6.11;Breaking up in cyberspace: rituals to forget;230
5.6.12;Conclusion;231
5.6.13;Acknowledgments;232
5.6.14;References;232
6;Section Three: Designers’ Text;235
6.1;11 Usability Issues of Sending Text Messages;237
6.1.1;An introduction to text input technique;237
6.1.2;How to write text messages;238
6.1.3;Usability measurements for text input;242
6.1.4;Usability issues for text input systems;242
6.1.5;Usability issues of touch screen solutions;245
6.1.6;The future of message input;248
6.1.7;References;250
6.2;12 Design for Richer Reachability: Mobile inspection in building maintenance;251
6.2.1;Introduction;251
6.2.2;Related research and background;252
6.2.3;Findings from the field;254
6.2.3.1;Examples from the field;256
6.2.3.2;The Control and Surveillance Centre;254
6.2.3.3;Building maintenance in the municipality;255
6.2.4;Designing for richer reachability in building maintenance work;258
6.2.4.1;What do we know?;258
6.2.4.2;Scenario;261
6.2.4.3;How to get there;263
6.2.5;Conclusions;264
6.2.6;Acknowledgements;265
6.2.7;References;266
6.3;13 Working Text: Texting Work;267
6.3.1;Introduction;267
6.3.2;Technologies for texting: Hermes and SPAM;268
6.3.3;Hermes overview and requirements;269
6.3.4;Hermes functionality;270
6.3.5;SPAM overview and requirements;272
6.3.6;SPAM functionality;274
6.3.7;Issues: User experience with Hermes and SPAM;276
6.3.8;‘Working Text’: Usage and sharing context;277
6.3.9;Concluding remarks;280
6.3.10;Acknowledgements;282
6.3.11;References;282
6.4;14 Gift of the Gab;285
6.4.1;Introduction;285
6.4.2;Field study;286
6.4.2.1;Social exchange;287
6.4.2.2;Embodied meaning;287
6.4.2.3;Obligations of exchange;287
6.4.2.4;Demonstration of social networks;288
6.4.3;From the field to design;289
6.4.3.1;Informing design;289
6.4.3.2;Design concept;291
6.4.4;Conclusions;297
6.4.5;Acknowledgements;298
6.4.6;References;298
6.5;15 Swarm: Text messaging designed to enhance social coordination;301
6.5.1;Introduction;301
6.5.2;Background;302
6.5.3;Smart Mobs and text messaging in social groups;304
6.5.4;SWARM;305
6.5.4.1;Hyper awareness;305
6.5.4.2;Hyper coordination and smart convergence;305
6.5.4.3;The Swarm command language;305
6.5.4.4;Managing groups;306
6.5.4.5;Broadcasting;306
6.5.4.6;Polling;306
6.5.4.7;Swarm notifications;307
6.5.4.8;Swarm website;307
6.5.5;User studies;307
6.5.6;Scavenger Hunt Card Game study;308
6.5.6.1;Participants;308
6.5.6.2;Procedures;308
6.5.7;Results;309
6.5.7.1;Preliminary questionnaire;309
6.5.7.2;Game results;310
6.5.7.3;Post games Swarm feedback;312
6.5.8;Lessons learned from Scavenger Hunt study;313
6.5.8.1;Focus group and design evolution of Swarm groups;313
6.5.8.2;Informal observation of Swarm in a real social setting;314
6.5.9;Design lessons learned from informal observations;316
6.5.10;Conclusion and future work;317
6.5.11;Acknowledgments;317
6.5.12;References;318
6.6;16 Default Thinking: Why consumer products fail;319
6.6.1;Introduction;319
6.6.2;Default Thinking;320
6.6.3;Legacy Vision;321
6.6.4;Implied Consumer;322
6.6.5;Design Syntax and Semantics;324
6.6.6;Summary of existing work;328
6.6.7;MMS summary;330
6.6.8;Creating future product concepts;331
6.6.8.1;Approach;331
6.6.8.2;How do we start?;331
6.6.8.3;Technology and business issues;333
6.6.9;Four product concepts;334
6.6.9.1;Existing handsets: gift storage;334
6.6.9.2;SMS with new software: Tap;334
6.6.9.3;MMS with new software: VoiceSMS;335
6.6.9.4;No technical grounding: GroupSMS;336
6.6.9.5;Concerns;337
6.6.9.6;Discussion;337
6.6.10;Conclusion;339
6.6.11;References;339
7;Index;341

Leseproben

9 Mobile Communications vis-à-vis Teen Emancipation, Peer Group Integration and Deviance (S.177)

Rich Ling

Introduction The mobile telephone – often in the form of SMS – provides teens with a rich social life. It is used to coordinate activities and hold peer groups together. It is used as a symbolic umbilical cord to connect teens with their parents and it is a device through which teen’s emancipation is mediated. Indeed, teens’ adoption of the mobile telephone – and their intense use of SMS – is one of the surprises surrounding the technology. Reports from Japan (Hashimoto 2002), Finland (Kasesniemi and Rautiainen 2002), the general European scene (Mante-Meijer and al. 2001), the UK (Harper 2003) the Philippines (Ellwood-Clayton 2003) and of course Norway (Ling 2000; Ling 2001b; Ling and Helmersen 2000; Ling and Yttri 2003) all point in this direction. This point is also made in the chapters in this collection.

Emancipation, peer acceptance and the testing of various behaviors are a complex of activities that characterize adolescence. During adolescence, there is a strong motivation for teens to establish themselves as independent social actors who are outside the sphere of their parents. Indeed, emancipation from one’s parents is one of the central issues for teens. The dynamic nature of modern society means that teens will emerge into a society that is at least somewhat different than that of their parents. Thus, the approach one takes to emancipation will be different from that of previous generations. This is simply because – unlike the situation in traditional societies – the situation changes from generation to generation. The skills needed, the technologies used and the educational background upon which one relies change and develop across generations. Because of this, the teen is an active agent in shaping his or her own socialization (Glaser and Strauss 1971, 57 – 88). During this period, the peer group plays a central role in this transition. It provides the teen with a group in which he or she can help to decide on activities and where he or she can take part in establishing the fashion and mode of the group.

The peer group also helps one to work out a relationship to the various facets of adult life. This includes issues such as sexuality, forms of consumption, relationship to authority and degrees of social/normative deviance. Where the parents can provide the teen with an ordered sense of life, the peer group provides the teen with a sphere in which he or she can assert control and participate more fully in decision making (Giordano 1995; Harter 1990; see also Savin-Williams and Berndt 1990; Youniss 1980; Youniss and Smollar 1985).

The peer group provides teens with a sphere of life wherein they can experience reciprocal self-disclosure and emotional support outside family units. According to Fine, the peer group is protective of its members and it is active in the development of an ideoculture, that is, a whole system of nicknames, jokes, styles of clothing, songs, artifacts etc. (1987, 126).