Haasen / Gerold / Wagner Decomposition of Alloys: The Early Stages

Proceedings of the 2nd Acta-Scripta Metallurgica Conference
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-4842-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 248 Seiten, Web PDF

Decomposition of Alloys: The Early Stages contains the proceedings of the 2nd Acta-Scripta Metallurgica Conference held in Sonnenberg, Germany, on September 19-23, 1983. Contributors discuss the early stages of decomposition in alloys, placing emphasis on the unsolved problems of the field, rather than on the solved ones. This book has 36 chapters and opens with a discussion on developments in the theory of the kinetics of first-order phase transitions, followed by an analysis of metastability and spinodal nucleation; neutron scattering during decomposition of aluminum alloys; Ostwald ripening of precipitates; and phase stability under irradiation. The next chapters explore decomposition processes in Al-Zn alloys; thermal decomposition in Cu-Ni-Fe alloys; and the initial stages of discontinuous precipitation reactions. Other papers focus on the mechanisms of plate precipitate growth; spinodal decomposition and continuous ordering; and early stages of decomposition in Ni-Al single crystals. This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners of physics and metallurgy.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Haasen, P.

Gerold, V.

Wagner, R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Decomposition of Alloys: The Early Stages;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;PREFACE;6
6;CHAPTER 1. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE THEORY OF THE KINETICS OF FIRST ORDER PHASE TRANSITIONS;10
6.1;1. A "Coarse-Grained" Spinodal Curve;10
6.2;2. Self-Similar Pattern Formation;14
6.3;3. Extensions of Lifshitz-Slyozov Theory;16
6.4;Acknowledgements;18
6.5;References;18
7;CHAPTER 2. METASTABILITY AND SPINODAL NUCLEATION;20
7.1;Acknowledgement;23
7.2;References;23
8;CHAPTER 3. MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF NUCLEATION AND GROWTH IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FCC CRYSTAL;25
8.1;Introduction;25
8.2;Model;25
8.3;Results;25
8.4;Discussion;30
8.5;Summary;33
8.6;Appendix;34
8.7;References;35
9;CHAPTER 4. COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF PHASE DECOMPOSITION BASED UPON THE NON–LINEAR DIFFUSION EQUATION;36
9.1;Introduction;36
9.2;Theoretical Basis;36
9.3;Computer simulations of phase–decomposition;37
9.4;The Coarsening Behavior of the Periodic Structure;40
9.5;References;41
10;CHAPTER 5. DIFFUSION THEORY FOR NUCLEATION AND GROWTH;42
10.1;I. Introduction;42
10.2;II. Diffusion Equation;42
10.3;III. Diffusional Nucleation and Growth;44
10.4;IV. Discussion;47
10.5;Appendix;48
10.6;References;49
11;CHAPTER 6. NEUTRON SCATTERING DURING DECOMPOSITION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS;50
11.1;I - INTRODUCTION;50
11.2;II - KINETIC EVOLUTION AFTER QUENCH. NUCLEATION-GROWTH vs. SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION;50
11.3;III - ROLE OF ELASTIC STRAINS;53
11.4;IV - SOLUTE PARTITIONING IN Al-Ag-Zn;53
11.5;V - CONCLUSIONS;54
11.6;REFERENCES;54
12;CHAPTER 7. EFFECTS OF FLUID FLOW ON PHASE SEPARATION IN A STIRRED CRITICAL MIXTURE;56
12.1;I. Introduction;56
12.2;II. Flow Effects in the Absence of Stirring;56
12.3;III. Unmixing and Mixing in Stirred Mixtures;58
12.4;Acknowledgments;61
12.5;References;63
13;CHAPTER 8. THE DYNAMICS OF PHASE SEPARATION IN FLUID MIXTURES;64
13.1;INTRODUCTION;64
13.2;SUMMARY OF STUDIES;64
13.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;69
13.4;REFERENCES;69
14;CHAPTER 9. OSTWALD RIPENING OF PRECIPITATES;70
14.1;I. Introduction;70
14.2;II. The LSW Theory;71
14.3;III. Validity Range of the LSW Theory;72
14.4;IV. Decrease of z;74
14.5;V. Numerical Calculations;75
14.6;References;78
15;CHAPTER 10. PHASE STABILITY UNDER IRRADIATION;79
15.1;1. Introduction;79
15.2;2. Elementary effects of irradiation in metallic alloys;80
15.3;3. Stored energy;80
15.4;4. Irradiation induced precipitation : the effect of solute- defect flux coupling;81
15.5;5. Ballistic effects on phase stability;82
15.6;6. Conclusion;83
15.7;Achnowledgements;84
15.8;References;84
16;CHAPTER 11. CLUSTER FREE ENERGY IN THE ISING MODEL AND THE KINETICS OF NUCLEATION WITHIN THE CLASSICAL THEORY;86
16.1;I - Introduction;86
16.2;II - Cluster Free Energy in the Ising Model;86
16.3;Ill - Use of M.C. Values of F N+1 F N in the Classical Nucleation Theory;89
16.4;Conclusion;91
16.5;References;91
17;CHAPTER 12. NONLOCAL OONFIGURATIONAL ENERGY OF A NONUNIFORM BINARY ALLOY;92
17.1;References;93
18;CHAPTER 13. EARLY STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION IN ALLOYS;94
18.1;1) Introduction;94
18.2;2) Fluctuation Model;94
18.3;3) Fluctuation Energy .G;95
18.4;4) Fluctuation-Diffusion-Equation;95
18.5;5) Discussion;97
18.6;6) APPENDIX: Evaluation of the probabilities PR,PCP.;99
18.7;References;99
19;CHAPTER 14. KINETICS OF PRECIPITATION IN METASTABLE BINARY ALLOYS -THEORY AND APPLICATION TO Cu-1.9 at % Ti AND Ni-14 at % A1;100
19.1;1. INTRODUCTION;100
19.2;2. THE MLS-MODEL;102
19.3;3. THE NUMERICAL MODEL (N-model);104
19.4;4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;105
19.5;REFERENCES;112
20;CHAPTER 15. SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION IN Fe-52Cr;113
20.1;Introduction;113
20.2;Theory;113
20.3;Experimental Procedure;114
20.4;Experimental Results and Discussion;114
20.5;Conclusions;118
20.6;Acknowledgements;118
20.7;References;118
21;CHAPTER 16. THE INFLUENCE OF QUENCHING TEMPERATURE ON EARLY-STAGE DECOMPOSITION IN Al-6.8at%Zn;119
21.1;Introduction;119
21.2;Experimental Procedure;119
21.3;Experimental Results;119
21.4;Discussion;120
21.5;Acknowledgements;121
21.6;References;121
22;CHAPTER 17. DECOMPOSITION PROCESS IN AL-ZN ALLOYS;124
22.1;INTRODUCTION;124
22.2;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;124
22.3;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;124
22.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;126
22.5;REFERENCES;126
23;CHAPTER 18. EXAFS STUDY OF PRECIPITATES IN AlCu;130
23.1;Introduction;130
23.2;EXAFS spectroscopy;130
23.3;Experimental details;131
23.4;Experimental results;131
23.5;Conclusions;135
23.6;Acknowledgements;135
23.7;References;135
24;CHAPTER 19. ATOM PROBE STUDIES OF NUCLEATION IN ALLOYS;136
24.1;INTRODUCTION;136
24.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;137
24.3;REFERENCES;138
25;CHAPTER 20. FIELD ION MICROSCOPE AND ATOM PROBE TECHNIQUES IN THE STUDY OF DECOMPOSITION PROCESSES;142
25.1;1. The Basic Concept [1–5];142
25.2;2. Field Ion Microscopy of Decomposed Alloys;142
25.3;3. Application of Atom Probe Techniques;143
25.4;Acknowledgements;144
25.5;References;145
26;CHAPTER 21. ATOM PROBE FIELD ION MICROSCOPY OF THE DECOMPOSITION OF FeCrCo MAGNET ALLOYS;148
26.1;Introduction;148
26.2;Experimental;148
26.3;Results and Discussion;148
26.4;Acknowledgements;150
26.5;References;150
27;CHAPTER 22. FIM-ATOM PROBE STUDIES OF EARLY STAGE DECOMPOSITION IN Cu-Ti ALLOYS;152
27.1;1. INTRODUCTION;152
27.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL;152
27.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;153
27.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;157
27.5;REFERENCES;157
28;CHAPTER 23. CLUSTERING AND DECOMPOSITION IN CuNiFe–ALLOYS;158
28.1;Introduction;158
28.2;Theoretical background;158
28.3;Results;160
28.4;Discussion;160
28.5;Acknowledgements;161
28.6;References;161
29;CHAPTER 24. THERMAL DECOMPOSITION IN Cu–Ni–Fe ALLOYS – I. FIELD ION MICROSCOPE AND ATOM PROBE INVESTIGATION;165
29.1;Introduction;165
29.2;Experimental;165
29.3;Results;167
29.4;Kinetics;169
29.5;Discussion;172
29.6;References;173
30;CHAPTER 25. THERMAL DECOMPOSITION IN Cu–Ni–Fe ALLOYS - II. A TEM INVESTIGATION;174
30.1;Introduction;174
30.2;Experiment;174
30.3;Results;174
30.4;Discussion;176
30.5;Acknowledgements;177
30.6;References;178
31;CHAPTER 26. THERMAL DECOMPOSITION IN Cu–Ni–Fe ALLOYS – III. A TEM INVESTIGATION;179
31.1;Introduction;179
31.2;Experimental;179
31.3;Results;180
31.4;Discussion;181
31.5;Acknowledgement;187
31.6;References;187
32;CHAPTER 27. RADIATION ENHANCED DIFFUSION AS A TOOL FOR ALLOY DECOMPOSITION STUDIES AT LOW TEMPERATURES: NEUTRON SCATTERING ON ELECTRON IRRADIATED Cu-Ni ALLOYS;189
32.1;Introduction;189
32.2;Experimental;190
32.3;Results;190
32.4;Discussion;191
32.5;References;193
33;CHAPTER 28. IRRADIATION-INDUCED PRECIPITATION IN UNDERSATURATED Ni-C AND Fe–Ni–C ALLOYS;194
33.1;Introduction;194
33.2;Theory;194
33.3;Numerical Evaluation;196
33.4;Results and Discussion;198
33.5;Summary;199
33.6;Acknowledgment;199
33.7;References;199
34;CHAPTER 29. AN INVESTIGATION OF G.P. ZONE FORMATION IN Al–Cu ALLOYS BASED ON HIGH RESOLUTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;200
34.1;INTRODUCTION;200
34.2;HIGH RESOLUTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;200
34.3;DISCUSSION OF AGEING SEQUENCES;204
34.4;CONCLUSIONS;206
34.5;REFERENCES;206
35;CHAPTER 30. HIGH RESOLUTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDIES OF THE EARLY STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION IN ALLOYS AND CERAMICS ;207
35.1;1. INTRODUCTION;207
35.2;2. SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION;208
35.3;3. INITIAL STAGES OF PRECIPITATION;208
35.4;4. PERIODIC STRUCTURES;209
35.5;5. SHORT RANGE ORDER AND THE INITIAL STAGES OF ORDERING IN ALLOYS;210
35.6;SUMMARY;211
35.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;211
36;CHAPTER 31. PLATE PRECIPITATE GROWTH MECHANISMS;213
36.1;INTRODUCTION;213
36.2;RESULTS;213
36.3;DISCUSSION;215
36.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;216
36.5;REFERENCES;216
37;CHAPTER 32. EARLY STAGES OF DISCONTINUOUS DECOMPOSITION;217
37.1;Discontinuous Decomposition Reactions;217
37.2;Discontinuous Precipitation;218
37.3;Discussion;221
37.4;Conclusions;222
37.5;Acknowledgements;222
37.6;References;222
38;CHAPTER 33. ON THE INITIAL STAGES OF DISCONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION REACTIONS;223
38.1;INTRODUCTION;223
38.2;TYPES OF INITIATION MECHANISM;223
38.3;THE STEADY DISCONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION PROCESS;224
38.4;EXPERIMENTAL;224
38.5;RESULTS;225
38.6;DISCUSSION;225
38.7;CONCLUSIONS;226
38.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;226
38.9;REFERENCES;226
39;CHAPTER 34. SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION AND CONTINUOUS ORDERING;230
39.1;Introduction;230
39.2;Thermodynamic Modelling;230
39.3;Examples of Concomitant Ordering and Clustering;231
39.4;Conclusions;234
39.5;Acknowledgements;234
39.6;References;234
40;CHAPTER 35. ATOM PROBE STUDIES OF THE DECOMPOSITION SPECTRUM IN ALLOYS;236
40.1;1.0 INTRODUCTION;236
40.2;2.0 THE DECOMPOSITION SPECTRUM IN ALLOYS AND EVOLUTION OF COMPOSITION FLUCTUATIONS;236
40.3;3.0 SELECTED ATOM PROBE STUDIES;237
40.4;4.0 CONCLUSIONS;238
40.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;238
40.6;REFERENCES;238
41;CHAPTER 36. EARLY STAGES OF DECOMPOSITION IN Ni-Al SINGLE CRYSTALS STUDIED BY SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON SCATTERING;242
41.1;Introduction;242
41.2;Experimental;242
41.3;Results and Discussion;243
41.4;A Computer Model for the SANS from ã' Precipitates;245
41.5;Acknowledgements;247
41.6;References;247
42;INDEX OF AUTHORS;248