Gruber The Yugoslav Example

Violence, War and Difficult Ways Towards Peace
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-3-8309-7844-2
Verlag: Waxmann Verlag GmbH
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 181 Seiten

The term 'Yugoslav Wars' (or, often, 'the Balkan conflict') refers to a series of wars in the region of former Yugoslavia, which were associated with the break-up of that state. The Yugoslav Wars resulted in an unimaginable number of dead, injured and displaced people. They also had a devastating impact on the economy and on the environment. Most notably, in some of the states which emerged from the conflict, people still to this day cannot peacefully coexist with one another. Beyond the affected region itself, the military conflict also had significant implications for Europe and its member states. It destroyed the illusion that Europe had overcome war. Perhaps these recent wars have given Europe an impetus to draw lessons from them, to find out what really needs to be done to build a peaceful Europe. A particular characteristic of this publication is that it does not settle for a single precise analysis of the reasons for war and for post-war conflicts. Rather, peace efforts and peace treaties are analyzed by focusing on their function of preventing conflicts or reducing their extent. Emphasis is placed on the efforts of national actors as well as on those of actors in civil society to promote peace policies in the international sphere. This collection of articles might, for the first time, clearly display the political challenges of peace in the context of the collapse of Yugoslavia and its subsequent wars. It certainly seeks to illustrate what has been learned and what still needs to be learned for the future.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gruber, Bettina

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;book cover;1
2;Content;4
3;Between the Past and the Future. Culture of Remembrance, Conflict Transformation, Education;7
3.1;History and Perspectives;7
3.2;Background of the Publication and its Contributions;10
3.3;Conclusion;13
4;On Trust and Mistrust. The History and Presence of Democracy in Southeastern Europe;15
4.1;Historical Promises of Democracy led to Disappointment and the Erosion of Trust;15
4.2;In the Labyrinth of the Democratic Transition Era;18
4.3;EU Democracy as a Shaky Role Model;21
4.4;Authoritarian Dangers in the Balkans;23
4.5;Instead of a Conclusion, a Miniature;25
5;Yugoslavia: A Short Tale of Competition and Cooperation;27
5.1;Rise and Fall of the Nationalist Mistake;27
5.2;From the Failure of Nationalist Politics to the European Option;31
5.3;Common Features as Impulses for Cooperation;36
5.4;The Time has not yet Come for All – Short and Long Ways to Reconciliation and Cooperation;37
5.5;Déjà-vu?;38
6;War over Kosovo 24 March 1999 –10 June 1999. Behind and Beyond the Scenes: Why NATO Attacked Yugoslavia;42
6.1;Overview;42
6.2;Kosovo as a Way for NATO to Raise its Profile;43
6.3;US Interests and their Role in the Kosovo Question;45
6.4;Germany’s Interests and its Role in the Kosovo Question;47
6.5;The EU’s Interests and their Role in the Kosovo Question;49
6.6;Neoliberal Economic Interests, Geostrategic and Geopolitical Considerations;51
6.6.1;Tangles of Interests;51
6.6.2;Neoliberal Global Economy as an Engine for War;51
6.6.3;Privatization as a Goal of War;52
6.6.4;Geostrategic and Geopolitical Considerations of the Military;54
6.7;Conclusion;55
7;A European Anti-War Movement. The Response of European Civil Society to the Conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia;60
7.1;Introduction;60
7.2;The Work at Home: Protest, Advocacy and Direct Aid;61
7.3;The Work on the Ground;64
7.4;Conclusions;71
8;Limits to Humanitarian Intervention. Syria and the Lessons from Bosnia and Kosovo;75
8.1;Syria and the Balkans – “Wicked Problems”;75
8.2;Lessons from Yugoslavia;77
8.3;The Dire Consequences of State Collapse;78
8.4;Can Intervention Work?;80
8.5;Regional Integration in the Age of Globalisation;81
8.6;Six Lessons – A Primer for Peace;82
8.6.1;Lesson 1: Negotiate Early and Robustly;82
8.6.2;Lesson 2: Include all Regional Powers – In Particular Iran;82
8.6.3;Lesson 3: No Preconditions about Core Issues;83
8.6.4;Lesson 4: No War Crimes Trials – At Least not Right Away;83
8.6.5;Lesson 5: Be Creative (Ibid.);84
8.6.6;Lesson 6: Freeze out the Extremists;84
9;Peace and Security in the Balkans: A Challenge for Europe;86
9.1;Educational Factors in the Balkans;87
9.1.1;A Closer Look at the Theme of Religious Diversity;88
9.1.2;Making Peace through Culture;91
9.1.3;E pur si muove!;94
9.1.4;1. Marketplace and Temple;95
9.1.5;2. Polyphony and Counterpoint;96
9.1.6;3. Memory and History;96
10;Dealing with the Past as a Common Challenge for State Institutions and Civil Society in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia;100
10.1;Legal Institutions for War Crimes Prosecution – Key Actors in “Dealing with the Past”;102
10.2;Governments and State Institutions;103
10.3;Civil Society Actors: Grassroots Engagement at a Local and Regional Level;106
10.4;The Campaign for Regional Truth Commission (REKOM);109
10.5;Achievements and Challenges;110
10.5.1;Fostering Institutions’ Capacities for Accountability and the Rule of Law;110
10.5.2;The Need for Restorative Approaches;111
10.5.3;Strengthening Civil Society Approaches for Dealing with the Past;112
10.5.4;Building Trust and Relationships in Divided Communities;113
11;Reconciliation through Recognition;119
11.1;Personal Identity Formation – From Hegel to Honneth;120
11.2;A New Normative Framework – Reconciliation through Practical “Relations-to-Self”;122
11.3;Overcoming Relativization by Countering Abstraction;124
12;Overcoming Violence: Responding to Contemporary and Past Violence;128
12.1;Introductory Remarks;128
12.2;I Overcoming Violence;129
12.2.1;Transformative Democracy as the Fundament for Sustainable Peace;129
12.3;II Response to Contemporary Violence – How to Find Other Ways?;130
12.3.1;Wartime;130
12.4;III Post-War Period – Transitional Justice Measures / Dealing with the Past;133
12.5;Dealing with the Past – Transitional (Transformative) Justice;134
12.6;Experience from Croatia: Transitional Justice Processes in Croatia (and the Region of Former Yugoslavia);136
12.7;Ongoing Measures and Advances;138
12.8;Shortcomings, Gaps and Controversies;143
12.9;Go on – But how?;145
12.10;IV How to Move Forward?;147
12.11;Can the Citizens of Croatia Agree to Reach an Agreement on Croatian-Serbian Friendship?;148
13;A Few “Easy” Steps towards Reconciliation;151
13.1;Concord and Conflict;151
14;The Development of Teaching Materials to Further Peace;159
14.1;Background;159
14.1.1;Early Years;160
14.1.2;Evolution;161
14.1.3;Bottom-up Approach;162
14.1.4;JHP Workbooks;162
14.1.5;Ways and Means;163
14.1.6;Funding and Completion of Workbooks;165
14.1.7;Recognition;167
14.1.8;Human Rights Award 2013;168
14.1.9;Impressions from the Field;168
14.2;Montenegro;169
14.3;Cyprus;170
14.4;Bosnia-Herzegovina;171
14.5;Kosovo;171
14.6;Albanian an Serbian Minorities – A Crash Test for the JHP;172
14.7;The Present and the Future;175
15;Editor and Contributors;178