Grimnes / Martinsen Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics

2. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-08-056880-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 488 Seiten, Web PDF

Bioelectricity (or bioelectromagnetism) relates to the study of biological electrical currents, and bioimpedance deals with the measurement of electrical conductivity. They are intimately linked to biomedical engineering, with major significance for development of novel medical devices, as well as the study of biological rhythms. This completely updated new edition remains the most comprehensive reference tool for this intricate, interdisciplinary field.
The authors, both internationally recognized experts in the field, have thoroughly revised the entire text. It remains the only such work that discusses in detail dielectric and electrochemical aspects, as well as electrical engineering concepts of network theory. The highly effective, easy to follow organization has been retained, with new discussion of state-of-the-art advances in finite element analysis, endogenic sources, control theory, tissue electrical properties, and invasive measurements. There are two all new chapters on bioelectricity, along with an introduction to Geselowitz theory, the Maxwell basis of bioimpedance, and multivariate analysis as an alternative.
* Increased emphasis on bioelectricity and potential clinical applications
* Two all new chapters dealing with electrical properties of passive and excitable tissue
* Expanded discussion of finite element modelling and a broad range of applications
* Provides a complete ?all in one? reference source for a multidisciplinary, complex field
* Includes many additional figures and all improved, newly drawn illustrations throughout

Ørjan G. Martinsen received his M.Sc. and PhD in electronic engineering from the Department of Physics at the University of Oslo, with both of his theses focusing on the electrical properties of human skin. Since completing his PhD in 1995, Martinsen has held a permanent position in the same department and currently leads the electronics research section and is Coordinator of the Oslo Bioimpedance Group. As well as his work at the university, Martinsen also holds a part time research position in the Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering at Oslo University Hospital, his main research interest being electrical bioimpedance.
With Sverre Grimnes he is the founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance (www.bioimpedance.net).

Autoren/Hrsg.

Grimnes, Sverre

Martinsen, Orjan G.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;CONTENTS;6
3;PREFACE;10
4;CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION;14
5;CHAPTER 2 ELECTROLYTICS;20
5.1;2.1 Ionic and Electronic DC Conduction;20
5.2;2.2 The Basic Electrolytic Experiment;25
5.3;2.3 Bulk Electrolytic DC Conductance;28
5.4;2.4 Interphase Phenomena;39
5.5;2.5 Electrodics and AC Phenomena;54
5.6;Problems;68
6;CHAPTER 3 DIELECTRICS;70
6.1;3.1 Polarization in a Uniform Dielectric;71
6.2;3.2 The Basic Capacitor Experiment;77
6.3;3.3 Complex Permittivity and Immittivity;78
6.4;3.4 AC Polarization and Relaxation in a Uniform Dielectric;83
6.5;3.5 Interfacial Polarization;92
6.6;3.6 The Basic Membrane Experiment;98
6.7;3.7 The Basic Suspension Experiment;100
6.8;3.8 Dispersion and Dielectric Spectroscopy;102
6.9;Problems;104
7;CHAPTER 4 PASSIVE TISSUE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES;106
7.1;4.1 Basic Biomaterials;106
7.2;4.2 Tissue and Organs;115
7.3;4.3 Special Electrical Properties;137
7.4;Problems;150
8;CHAPTER 5 EXCITABLE TISSUE AND BIOELECTRIC SIGNALS;152
8.1;5.1 Cell Polarization;153
8.2;5.2 Action Potential;156
8.3;5.3 The Neuron;160
8.4;5.4 Axon Transmission;164
8.5;5.5 Receptors;170
8.6;Problems;172
9;CHAPTER 6 GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS;174
9.1;6.1 Volume Conductors;175
9.2;6.2 Two-electrode Systems;176
9.3;6.3 Sphere Sources, Ideal 3D Models;178
9.4;6.4 Line Sources, Ideal 2D Models;190
9.5;6.5 Signal Transfer in Tissue Volumes;193
9.6;6.6 Three- and Four-electrode Impedance Systems;204
9.7;6.7 Finite Element Method (FEM);209
9.8;6.8 Tomography (EIT);211
9.9;6.9 Duality of Dielectrics and Conductors;216
9.10;Problems;217
10;CHAPTER 7 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT;218
10.1;7.1 General Network Theory, the Black Box;219
10.2;7.2 Signals and Measurement;226
10.3;7.3 Bridges, Impedance Analyzers, Lock-in Amplifiers;249
10.4;7.4 Electrodes: Design and Properties;266
10.5;Problems;294
11;CHAPTER 8 DATA AND MODELS;296
11.1;8.1 Models, Descriptive and Explanatory;297
11.2;8.2 Equations and Equivalent Circuits;299
11.3;8.3 Data Calculation and Presentation;334
11.4;8.4 Data Analysis;335
11.5;Problems;344
12;CHAPTER 9 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS;346
12.1;9.1 Electrocardiography;348
12.2;9.2 Impedance Plethysmography;360
12.3;9.3 Impedance Cardiography;366
12.4;9.4 Tissue Characterization in Neurology;368
12.5;9.5 EEG, ENG/ERG/EOG;368
12.6;9.6 Electrogastrography;369
12.7;9.7 EMG and Neurography;370
12.8;9.8 Electrical Impedance Myography;370
12.9;9.9 Electrotherapy;371
12.10;9.10 Body Composition Analysis;376
12.11;9.11 Implanted Active Thoracic Devices;380
12.12;9.12 Defibrillation and Electroshock;385
12.13;9.13 Electrosurgery;387
12.14;9.14 Cell Suspensions;391
12.15;9.15 Skin Instrumentation;401
12.16;9.16 Non-medical Applications;410
12.17;9.17 Electrical Safety;411
13;CHAPTER 10 HISTORY OF BIOIMPEDANCE AND BIOELECTRICITY;424
14;CHAPTER 11 APPENDIX;432
14.1;11.1 Vectors and Scalars, Complex Numbers;432
14.2;11.2 Equivalent Circuit Equations;437
14.3;11.3 Global Symbols;443
14.4;11.4 Physical Dimensions;445
15;REFERENCES;448
15.1;Recommended Books and Review Articles;448
16;INDEX;474
16.1;A;474
16.2;B;474
16.3;C;475
16.4;D;476
16.5;E;477
16.6;F;478
16.7;G;478
16.8;H;479
16.9;I;479
16.10;J;480
16.11;K;480
16.12;L;480
16.13;M;480
16.14;N;481
16.15;O;481
16.16;P;481
16.17;Q;482
16.18;R;482
16.19;S;482
16.20;T;483
16.21;U;483
16.22;V;483
16.23;W;484
16.24;Z;484