Gordon Controlled Breeding in Farm Animals

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8569-6
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 451 Seiten, Web PDF

This textbook provides a detailed view of the different ways in which reproduction in cattle, sheep, pigs and horses can be controlled and manipulated. It is primarily of interest to students of animal science and veterinary medicine, but will also be of use to those who are concerned with the practical aspects of reproduction control, whether in an advisory capacity or in applying techniques on the farm itself. A major objective of the book is to draw attention to information which may be used directly to increase the efficiency of the livestock industry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gordon, I.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Controlled Breeding in Farm Animals
;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;List of Illustrations;10
7;Introduction;14
8;PART I: The Control and Manipulation of Reproduction in Cattle;18
8.1;CHAPTER 1. Introduction to Controlled Breeding in Cattle;20
8.1.1;1.1 INTRODUCTION;20
8.1.2;1.2 AREAS OF CONTROLLED BREEDINGUNDER DISCUSSION;21
8.1.3;1.3 FACTORS INFLUENCING CATTLE FERTILITY;22
8.1.4;1.4 DAIRY CATTLE;24
8.1.5;1.5 BEEF CATTLE;25
8.1.6;1.6 ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION;26
8.1.7;1.7 TIMING OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION;28
8.1.8;1.8 FACTORS INFLUENCING FERTILITY AND SEMEN QUALITY IN BULLS;29
8.1.9;1.9 PROBLEM OF OESTRUS DETECTION AND TECHNIQUES TO OVERCOME IT;30
8.1.10;1.10 REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES;35
8.1.11;1.11 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;35
8.1.12;1.12 REFERENCES;35
8.2;CHAPTER 2. The Oestrous Cycle of the Cow;40
8.2.1;2.1 INTRODUCTION;40
8.2.2;2.2 OESTRUS AND OESTROUS CYCLE LENGTH;40
8.2.3;2.3 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE OESTROUS CYCLE;41
8.2.4;2.4 PROGESTERONE AND REGRESSION OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM;41
8.2.5;2.5 LUTEOLYSIS AND PROSTAGLANDINS;42
8.2.6;2.6 OESTROGEN AND Gn-RH;43
8.2.7;2.7 THE GONADOTROPHINS, LH AND FSH;44
8.2.8;2.8 STRESS AND THE OESTROUS CYCLE;45
8.2.9;2.9 REFERENCES;46
8.3;CHAPTER 3. Artificial Control of Oestrus and Ovulation;50
8.3.1;3.1 INTRODUCTION;50
8.3.2;3.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND;50
8.3.3;3.3 PROGESTERONE AND PROGESTAGENS;52
8.3.4;3.4 PROSTAGLANDINS AND ANALOGUES;55
8.3.5;3.5 PROBLEMS IN USE OF TECHNIQUES INMILKING COWS AND SUCKLER COWS;57
8.3.6;3.6 TREATMENT COMBINATIONS;58
8.3.7;3.7 BREEDING BY FIXED-TIME AI;60
8.3.8;3.8 NUTRITION AND OESTRUS CONTROL;61
8.3.9;3.9 ADJUSTMENTS IN AI ROUTINES;61
8.3.10;3.10 TECHNIQUES FOR INHIBITING OESTRUS;62
8.3.11;3.11 UPTAKE OF OESTRUS CONTROL MEASURES;63
8.3.12;3.12 REFERENCES;63
8.4;CHAPTER 4. Pregnancy Testing in Cattle;68
8.4.1;4.1 INTRODUCTION;68
8.4.2;4.2 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF EARLY PREGNANCY;68
8.4.3;4.3 RECTAL PALPATION;69
8.4.4;4.4 USE OF ULTRASONICS;69
8.4.5;4.5 PROGESTERONE ASSAY METHODS;70
8.4.6;4.6 Progesterone and oestrus detection;72
8.4.7;4.7 PROGESTERONE AND SUBFERTILITY;72
8.4.8;4.8 OESTROGEN AND POSITIVE PREGNANCYDIAGNOSIS;72
8.4.9;4.9 DETECTING TWIN PREGNANCIES;73
8.4.10;4.10 FUTURE PREGNANCY TESTING DEVELOPMENTS;74
8.4.11;4.11 REFERENCES;75
8.5;CHAPTER 5. Control of Calving;78
8.5.1;5.1 INTRODUCTION;78
8.5.2;5.2 FACTORS AFFECTING DURATION OF PREGNANCY;78
8.5.3;5.3 CALF MORTALITY;79
8.5.4;5.4 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF LATE PREGNANCYAND PARTURITION;80
8.5.5;5.5 CORTICO-STEROID TREATMENT;80
8.5.6;5.6 PROSTAGLANDINS AND INDUCED CALVINGS;82
8.5.7;5.7 TECHNIQUES FOR TERMINATING PREGNANCY;82
8.5.8;5.8 TEMPORARY DELAY OF CALVING;83
8.5.9;5.9 REFERENCES;84
8.6;CHAPTER 6. Reducing the Calving Interval;86
8.6.1;6.1 INTRODUCTION;86
8.6.2;6.2 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE POST-PARTUM COW;87
8.6.3;6.3 BEEF SUCKLER CATTLE;88
8.6.4;6.4 HORMONAL INDUCTION OF BREEDING;89
8.6.5;6.5 PROGESTAGEN AND CALF REMOVAL;92
8.6.6;6.6 CONCEPTION RATES IN POST-PARTUM COWS;92
8.6.7;6.7 REFERENCES;93
8.7;CHAPTER 7. Embryo Transfer in Cattle;96
8.7.1;7.1 INTRODUCTION;96
8.7.2;7.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND;98
8.7.3;7.3 SUPEROVULATION TECHNIQUES;99
8.7.4;7.4 FACTORS AFFECTING RESPONSE TO SUPEROVULATION;103
8.7.5;7.5 BREEDING THE DONOR ANIMAL;105
8.7.6;7.6 THE CALF AS A DONOR;106
8.7.7;7.7 UTILIZATION OF FOLLICULAR OOCYTES AND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION;107
8.7.8;7.8 CLONING POSSIBILITIES IN CATTLE;109
8.7.9;7.9 EGG RECOVERY PROCEDURES;112
8.7.10;7.10 EVALUATION OF EGG AND EMBRYO;114
8.7.11;7.11 FREEZING AND SEXING EMBRYOS;116
8.7.12;7.12 SHORT TERM CULTURE AND STORAGE TECHNIQUES;119
8.7.13;7.13 SYNCHRONIZING OESTRUS INDONOR AND RECIPIENT;121
8.7.14;7.14 TRANSFER TECHNIQUES, SURGICALAND NON-SURGICAL;123
8.7.15;7.15 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;128
8.7.16;7.16 REFERENCES;128
8.8;CHAPTER 8. Induction of Twin Births;138
8.8.1;8.1 INTRODUCTION;138
8.8.2;8.2 BREEDING FOR TWINS;141
8.8.3;8.3 TWINS BY HORMONE TREATMENT;143
8.8.4;8.4 EMBRYO TRANSFER FOR TWINS;146
8.8.5;8.5 TWIN-BEARING CAPACITY OF CATTLE;150
8.8.6;8.6 TWINNING AND RETAINED FOETAL MEMBRANES;151
8.8.7;8.7 TWINNING AND MILK PRODUCTION;152
8.8.8;8.8 INDUCED vs NATURAL TWINS;153
8.8.9;8.9 FREEMARTINS;154
8.8.10;8.10 GROWTH OF TWINS;156
8.8.11;8.11 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;157
8.8.12;8.12 REFERENCES;157
8.9;CHAPTER 9. Breeding Cattle at Younger Ages;162
8.9.1;9·1 INTRODUCTION;162
8.9.2;9.2 ACE AND LIVEWEIGHT AT FIRST OESTRUS;162
8.9.3;9.3 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PUBERTY INCATTLE;163
8.9.4;9.4 EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS;164
8.9.5;9.5 HORMONAL INDUCTION OF OESTRUS;164
8.9.6;9.6 DAIRY CATTLE;164
8.9.7;9.7 BEEF CATTLE;165
8.9.8;9.8 REFERENCES;165
9;PART II: The Control and Manipulation of Reproduction in Sheep;168
9.1;CHAPTER 10. Introduction to Controlled Breeding in Sheep;170
9.1.1;10.1 INTRODUCTION;170
9.1.2;10.2 AREAS OF CONTROLLED BREEDING;171
9.1.3;10.3 FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY AND BREEDING ACTIVITY;172
9.1.4;10.4 STRESS AND EWE REPRODUCTION;174
9.1.5;10.5 RAM FERTILITY AND ACTIVITY;174
9.1.6;10.6 PLACE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION;177
9.1.7;10.7 FREEZING OF RAM SEMEN;178
9.1.8;10.8 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;180
9.1.9;10.9 REFERENCES;180
9.2;CHAPTER 11. The Ewe's Oestrous Cycle andSeasonal Breeding Activity;184
9.2.1;11.1 INTRODUCTION;184
9.2.2;11.2 OESTRUS AND THE OESTROUS CYCLE;184
9.2.3;11.3 PROGESTERONE EVENTS DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE;185
9.2.4;11.4 PROSTAGLANDINS AND LUTEOLYSIS;186
9.2.5;11.5 GONADOTROPHINS AND OESTROGENS;186
9.2.6;11.6 HORMONAL EVENTS IN THE EWE ANOESTRUS;188
9.2.7;11.7 ENDOCRINE EVENTS IN THE RAM;189
9.2.8;11.8 REFERENCES;191
9.3;CHAPTER 12. Artificial Control of Oestrus and Ovulation;196
9.3.1;12.1 INTRODUCTION;196
9.3.2;12.2 PROSTAGLANDINS AND ANALOGUES;197
9.3.3;12.3 PROGESTAGENS AND A STANDARD BREEDING PROCEDURE;199
9.3.4;12.4 PMSG DOSE LEVELS AND ONSET OFOESTRUS;202
9.3.5;12.5 USE OF ADDITIONAL AGENTS;204
9.3.6;12.6 RAM AND MATING MANAGEMENT;204
9.3.7;12.7 COMPACTNESS OF LAMBINGS;207
9.3.8;12.8 OTHER ADVANTAGES OF COMPACTNESS;207
9.3.9;12.9 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;207
9.3.10;12.10 REFERENCES;208
9.4;CHAPTER 13. Fixed-Time Sheep Artificial Insemination;212
9.4.1;13.1 INTRODUCTION;212
9.4.2;13.2 PROGESTACEN-PMSG TECHNIQUES;213
9.4.3;13.3 COLLECTING SEMEN FOR AI PURPOSES;214
9.4.4;13.4 PREPARATION AND PROCESSING OFSEMEN;215
9.4.5;13.5 INSEMINATION PROCEDURES;217
9.4.6;13.6 SHEEP AI AND PROSTAGLANDINS;218
9.4.7;13.7 ADDITIONAL AGENTS TO CONTROL OVULATION;219
9.4.8;13.8 FROZEN SEMEN POSSIBILITIES;220
9.4.9;13.9 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;220
9.4.10;13.10 REFERENCES;221
9.5;CHAPTER 14. Advancing the Sheep Breeding Season;224
9.5.1;14.1 INTRODUCTION;224
9.5.2;14.2 LIGHT MANIPULATIONS;224
9.5.3;14.3 RAM EFFECT;225
9.5.4;14.4 POSSIBLE RAM SUBSTITUTES;227
9.5.5;14.5 USE OF PROGESTAGEN-PMSG;227
9.5.6;14.6 USE OF Gn-RH;229
9.5.7;14.7 BREEDING AND FEEDING;230
9.5.8;14.8 REFERENCES;230
9.6;CHAPTER 15. More Frequent Lambings in Sheep;234
9.6.1;15.1 INTRODUCTION;234
9.6.2;15.2 ENDOCRINE BASIS OF POST-PARTUM ANOESTRUS;234
9.6.3;15.3 INVOLUTION OF THE UTERUSPOST-PARTUM;237
9.6.4;15.4 ACCELERATED LAMBING SYSTEMS;238
9.6.5;15.5 BREEDING, TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT;240
9.6.6;15.6 INTEGRATION OF TECHNIQUES;243
9.6.7;15.7 NUTRITION IN FREQUENT LAMBING SYSTEMS;244
9.6.8;15.8 LAMB REARING CONSIDERATIONS;244
9.6.9;15.9 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;245
9.6.10;15.10 REFERENCES;245
9.7;CHAPTER 16. Induction of Multiple Births;248
9.7.1;16.1 INTRODUCTION;248
9.7.2;16.2 ENDOCRINE AND OVARIAN EVENTS;248
9.7.3;16.3 ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES;250
9.7.4;16.4 NUTRITION AND 'FLUSHING;251
9.7.5;16.5 BREED AND AGE EFFECTS;253
9.7.6;16.6 ENDOCRINOLOGICAL "FLUSHING";253
9.7.7;16.7 USE OF Gn-RH;256
9.7.8;16.8 MODIFYING HORMONAL FEEDBACK EFFECTS;256
9.7.9;16.9 IMMUNIZATION AGAINST OVARIAN STEROIDS;257
9.7.10;16.10 LITTERS AND LAMB MORTALITY;258
9.7.11;16.11 REFERENCES;259
9.8;CHAPTER 17. Pregnancy Testing in Sheep;264
9.8.1;17.1 INTRODUCTION;264
9.8.2;17.2 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES;265
9.8.3;17.3 ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES;265
9.8.4;17.4 RECTAL-ABDOMINAL PALPATION;267
9.8.5;17.5 PROGESTERONE AND HORMONAL TESTS;267
9.8.6;17.6 IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTS;269
9.8.7;17.7 MANUAL EXAMINATIONS;269
9.8.8;17.8 OTHER METHODS;269
9.8.9;17.9 REFERENCES;269
9.9;CHAPTER 18. Control of Lambing;272
9.9.1;18.1 INTRODUCTION;272
9.9.2;18.2 DURATION OF GESTATION IN SHEEP;272
9.9.3;18.3 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PARTURITION;273
9.9.4;18.4 LAMB MORTALITY CONSIDERATIONS;274
9.9.5;18.5 INDUCTION BY CORTICOSTEROIDS;274
9.9.6;18.6 USE OF OESTROGENS;276
9.9.7;18.7 PROSTAGLANDINS FOR INDUCTION;276
9.9.8;18.8 AGENTS FOR TERMINATING PREGNANCY;277
9.9.9;18.9 FUTURE OF INDUCED LAMBINGS;277
9.9.10;18.10 REFERENCES;278
9.10;CHAPTER 19. Embryo Transfer in Sheep;280
9.10.1;19.1 INTRODUCTION;280
9.10.2;19.2 SUPEROVULATION TECHNIQUES;280
9.10.3;19.3 PREPUBERTAL LAMB AS A SOURCE OF EGGS;282
9.10.4;19.4 BREEDING BY NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION;283
9.10.5;19.5 RECOVERING EGGS;284
9.10.6;19.6 CLONING POSSIBILITIES;285
9.10.7;19.7 EVALUATION OF SHEEP EMBRYOS;287
9.10.8;19.8 SHORT-TERM STORAGE METHODS;287
9.10.9;19.9 FREEZING THE EMBRYO;288
9.10.10;19.10 SYNCHRONIZING DONORSAND RECIPIENTS;289
9.10.11;19.11 TRANSFER TECHNIQUES;289
9.10.12;19.12 REFERENCES;290
9.11;CHAPTER 20. Breeding Sheep at Younger Ages;294
9.11.1;20.1 INTRODUCTION;294
9.11.2;20.2 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PUBERTY;295
9.11.3;20.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER EFFECTS AND PUBERTY;296
9.11.4;20.4 HORMONAL INDUCTION OF PUBERTY;298
9.11.5;20.5 SUBFERTILITY IN EWE LAMBS;299
9.11.6;20.6 LAMB MORTALITY CONSIDERATIONS;300
9.11.7;20.7 REFERENCES;300
10;PART III: The Control and Manipulation of Reproduction in Pigs;304
10.1;CHAPTER 21. Introduction to Controlled Breeding in Pigs;306
10.1.1;21.1 INTRODUCTION;306
10.1.2;21.2 AREAS OF CONTROLLED BREEDING;308
10.1.3;21.3 PIG FERTILITY AND MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY;308
10.1.4;21.4 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND REPRODUCTION;310
10.1.5;21.5 PLACE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION;311
10.1.6;21.6 DETECTION OF OESTRUS;314
10.1.7;21.7 FROZEN BOAR SEMEN;314
10.1.8;21.8 ASPECTS OF BOAR FERTILITY;316
10.1.9;21.9 REFERENCES;317
10.2;CHAPTER 22. The Sow's Oestrous Cycle;320
10.2.1;22.1 INTRODUCTION;320
10.2.2;22.2 OESTRUS AND THE OESTROUS CYCLE;320
10.2.3;22.3 HORMONES OF THE OESTROUS CYCLE;321
10.2.4;22.4 PROGESTERONE IN THE CYCLE;323
10.2.5;22.5 PROSTAGLANDINS AND LUTEOLYSIS;323
10.2.6;22.6 REFERENCES;324
10.3;CHAPTER 23. Artificial Control of Oestrus and Ovulation;326
10.3.1;23.1 INTRODUCTION;326
10.3.2;23.2 OESTRUS CONTROL BY MANAGEMENT;326
10.3.3;23.3 WEANING TO OESTRUS INTERVAL;327
10.3.4;23.4 EARLY PROGESTAGEN WORK;328
10.3.5;23.5 THE METHALLIBURE ERA;328
10.3.6;23.6 MORE RECENT PROGESTAGEN WORK;329
10.3.7;23.7 USE OF PROSTAGLANDINS;329
10.3.8;23.8 FIXED-TIME AI POSSIBILITIES;330
10.3.9;23.9 REFERENCES;331
10.4;CHAPTER 24. Pregnancy Testing in Pigs;334
10.4.1;24.1 INTRODUCTION;334
10.4.2;24.2 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF EARL YPREGNANCY;334
10.4.3;24.3 VAGINAL BIOPSY TECHNIQUE;336
10.4.4;24.4 RECTAL PALPATION;337
10.4.5;24.5 ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES;337
10.4.6;24.6 PROGESTERONE ASSAY;338
10.4.7;24.7 OESTROGEN ASSAY;339
10.4.8;24.8 OTHER PREGNANCY TESTING POSSIBILITIES;339
10.4.9;24.9 PREDICTING LITTER-SIZE;340
10.4.10;24.10 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;340
10.4.11;24.11 REFERENCES;340
10.5;CHAPTER 25. Control of Farrowing;344
10.5.1;25.1 INTRODUCTION;344
10.5.2;25.2 DURATION OF PREGNANCY;344
10.5.3;25.3 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF LATE PREGNANCY;345
10.5.4;25.4 EVENTS AT PARTURITION;346
10.5.5;25.5 PIGLET MORTALITY;347
10.5.6;25.6 INDUCTION BY GLUCOCORTICOID/OXYTOCIN;349
10.5.7;25.7 PROSTAGLANDINS AND ANALOGUES;349
10.5.8;25.8 SHORTENING FARROWING;352
10.5.9;25.9 THE MMA SYNDROME;353
10.5.10;25.10 DELAYING PARTURITION;353
10.5.11;25.11 PREPARTUM STRESS;355
10.5.12;25.13 REFERENCES;355
10.6;CHAPTER 26. More Frequent Farrowings in Pigs;360
10.6.1;26.1 INTRODUCTION;360
10.6.2;26.2 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF LACTATIONAL ANOESTRUS;360
10.6.3;26.3 INITIATING OVARIAN ACTIVITY;362
10.6.4;26.4 ARTIFICIAL INDUCTION OF OESTRUS;362
10.6.5;26.5 EARLY WEANING AND REBREEDING;363
10.6.6;26.6 PARTIAL WEANING TECHNIQUES;364
10.6.7;26.7 ZERO-WEANING AND ITS PROBLEMS;365
10.6.8;26.8 REFERENCES;365
10.7;CHAPTER 27. Increasing Litter-Size in Pigs;368
10.7.1;27.1 INTRODUCTION;368
10.7.2;27.2 BREED, FEED, ACE AND SIRE EFFECTS;368
10.7.3;27.3 EMBRYONIC AND FOETAL MORTALITY;370
10.7.4;27.4 INCREASING EMBRYO SURVIVAL;370
10.7.5;27.5 GONADOTROPHINS AND LITTER-SIZE;371
10.7.6;27.6 FRATERNITY SIZE AND LITTER SIZE;372
10.7.7;27.7 REFERENCES;372
10.8;CHAPTER 28. Embryo Transfer in Pigs;374
10.8.1;28.1 INTRODUCTION;374
10.8.2;28.2 SUPEROVULATION TECHNIQUES;375
10.8.3;28.3 OOCYTE CULTURE AND IN VITRO FERTILIZATION;375
10.8.4;28.4 CLONING POSSIBILITIES IN PIGS;377
10.8.5;28.5 SURGICAL EGG RECOVERY;377
10.8.6;28.6 EVALUATION OF EMBRYOS;378
10.8.7;28.7 SHORT AND LONGER-TERM STORAGE OF EMBRYOS;378
10.8.8;28.8 SYNCHRONIZING DONORS AND RECIPIENTS;379
10.8.9;28.9 TRANSFER METHODS;379
10.8.10;28.10 REFERENCES;380
10.9;CHAPTER 29. Breeding Pigs at Younger Ages;384
10.9.1;29.1 INTRODUCTION;384
10.9.2;29.2 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PUBERTY IN GILTS;384
10.9.3;29.3 BREED AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS;385
10.9.4;29.4 THE BOAR EFFECT;386
10.9.5;29.5 INDUCTION USING GONADOTROPHINS;387
10.9.6;29.6 OESTROGEN TREATMENT;388
10.9.7;29.7 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;389
10.9.8;29.8 REFERENCES;389
11;PART IV: The Control and Manipulation of Reproduction in Horses;392
11.1;CHAPTER 30. Introduction to Controlled Breedingin Horses;394
11.1.1;30.1 INTRODUCTION;394
11.1.2;30.2 AREAS OF CONTROLLED BREEDING;395
11.1.3;30.3 FACTORS AFFECTING FERTILITY INMARES;395
11.1.4;30.4 FERTILITY LEVELS IN HORSES;396
11.1.5;30.5 BREEDING AT THE FOAL HEAT;397
11.1.6;30.6 MATING PRACTICES IN STUDS;397
11.1.7;30.7 TWINS IN THE MARE;398
11.1.8;30.8 SEASONAL NATURE OF BREEDING ACTIVITY;398
11.1.9;30.9 STALLION ACTIVITY AND FERTILITY;399
11.1.10;30.10 PLACE OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION;399
11.1.11;30.11 USE OF FROZEN SEMEN;400
11.1.12;30.12 REFERENCES;401
11.2;CHAPTER 31. The Mare's Oestrous Cycle and Seasonal Breeding Activity;404
11.2.1;31.1 INTRODUCTION;404
11.2.2;31.2 DURATION AND INTENSITY OF OESTRUS;404
11.2.3;31.3 THE OESTROUS CYCLE;405
11.2.4;31.4 PROSTAGLANDINS AND LUTEOLYSIS;406
11.2.5;31.5 PROLONGED LUTEAL FUNCTION;406
11.2.6;31.6 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE POSTPARTUMPERIOD;407
11.2.7;31.7 REFERENCES;407
11.3;CHAPTER 32. Artificial Control of Oestrus and Ovulation;410
11.3.1;32.1 INTRODUCTION;410
11.3.2;32.2 LIGHT MANIPULATION;410
11.3.3;32.3 HORMONES TO OVERCOME ANOESTRUS;411
11.3.4;32.4 LIGHT AND PROGESTAGENS;412
11.3.5;32.5 PROGESTAGENS IN CYCLIC MARES;412
11.3.6;32.6 PROSTAGLANDINS IN OESTRUS CONTROL;413
11.3.7;32.7 PROSTAGLANDIN AND PERSISTENT CORPUSLUTEUM;415
11.3.8;32.8 CONTROL OF OVULATION;415
11.3.9;32.9 INDUCING OESTRUS AFTER THEFOAL HEAT;416
11.3.10;32.10 SYNCHRONIZING THE MARE'S REPEAT HEAT;416
11.3.11;32.11 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;417
11.3.12;32.12 REFERENCES;417
11.4;CHAPTER 33. Pregnancy Testing in Horses;420
11.4.1;33.1 INTRODUCTION;420
11.4.2;33.2 ENDOCRINOLOGY OF EARLY PREGNANCY;420
11.4.3;33.3 RECTAL EXAMINATION;421
11.4.4;33.4 VAGINAL EXAMINATION;421
11.4.5;33.5 DETECTION OF PMSG;422
11.4.6;33.6 USE OF PROGESTERONE ASSAY;423
11.4.7;33.7 ULTRASONICS;424
11.4.8;33.8 FOETAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY;424
11.4.9;33.9 OTHER TESTS;424
11.4.10;33.10 REFERENCES;425
11.5;CHAPTER 34. Control of Foaling;428
11.5.1;34.1 INTRODUCTION;428
11.5.2;34.2 DURATION OF PREGNANCY;428
11.5.3;34.3 INDUCTION BY CORTICOSTEROIDS;429
11.5.4;34.4 PROGESTERONE AS AN INDUCTION AGENT;429
11.5.5;34.5 INDUCTION BY PROSTAGLANDINS;430
11.5.6;34.6 OXYTOCIN AS AN INDUCTION AGENT;430
11.5.7;34.7 TWINS AND TERMINATING PREGNANCY;431
11.5.8;34.8 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS;431
11.5.9;34.9 REFERENCES;432
11.6;CHAPTER 35. Embryo Transfer in Horses;434
11.6.1;35.1 INTRODUCTION;434
11.6.2;35.2 SUPEROVULATING THE MARE;434
11.6.3;35.3 SURGICAL AND NON-SURGICAL RECOVERY TECHNIQUES;435
11.6.4;35.4 EVALUATING THE HORSE EMBRYO;436
11.6.5;35.5 STORAGE OF EMBRYOS;437
11.6.6;35.6 SYNCHRONIZING DONOR ANDRECIPIENT;437
11.6.7;35.7 SURGICAL AND NON-SURGICALTRANSFER TECHNIQUES;438
11.6.8;35.8 REFERENCES;439
12;Books and Journals Dealingwith Control and Manipulation of Reproduction;440
13;Books;442
14;Journals;443
15;Index;444