Goertzel / Pennachin Artificial General Intelligence

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-68677-4
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 509 Seiten

Reihe: Cognitive Technologies

'Only a small community has concentratedon general intelligence. No one has tried to make a thinking machine . . . The bottom line is that we really haven't progressed too far toward a truly intelligent machine. We have collections of dumb specialists in small domains; the true majesty of general intelligence still awaits our attack. . . . We have got to get back to the deepest questions of AI and general intelligence. . . ' -MarvinMinsky as interviewed in Hal's Legacy, edited by David Stork, 2000. Our goal in creating this edited volume has been to ?ll an apparent gap in the scienti?c literature, by providing a coherent presentation of a body of contemporary research that, in spite of its integral importance, has hitherto kept a very low pro?le within the scienti?c and intellectual community. This body of work has not been given a name before; in this book we christen it 'Arti?cial General Intelligence' (AGI). What distinguishes AGI work from run-of-the-mill 'arti?cial intelligence' research is that it is explicitly focused on engineering general intelligence in the short term. We have been active researchers in the AGI ?eld for many years, and it has been a pleasure to gather together papers from our colleagues working on related ideas from their own perspectives. In the Introduction we give a conceptual overview of the AGI ?eld, and also summarize and interrelate the key ideas of the papers in the subsequent chapters.

The chief editor of the book, Dr. Ben Goertzel, has published 4 research treatises in AI, cognitive science and systems theory, a biography of Linus Pauling, and one previous edited volume (in the area of dynamical psychology), as well as numerous research papers (for his CV, see www.goertzel.org/ben/newResume.htm). Dr. Ben Goertzel has been involved in AI research and application development since the late 1980's. He holds a PhD in mathematics from Temple University, and over the period 1989-1997 he held several university faculty positions in mathematics, computer science, and psychology, in the US, New Zealand and Australia. Dr. Goertzel is author of numerous research papers and journalistic articles, a biography of Linus Pauling, and five scholarly books dealing with topics in the cognitive sciences, including Chaotic Logic (Plenum Press, 1994), and Creating Internet Intelligence (Plenum Press, 2001).  Currently, as CEO of the software firms Biomind LLC and Novamente LLC, he is leading a team of AI researchers in the development and commercialization of Artificial General Intelligence technology. Cassio Pennachin has been leading software development projects since the mid-1990's, in artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, operations research and other areas.  Prior to taking on his current role as CTO of Novamente LLC and Biomind LLC, he served as founder and CEO of Vetta Technologies, a Brazil-based software consulting firm, and he led a team developing mass spectrometry data analysis software for Proteometrics.  From 1998-2001 Cassio was the former VP of R&D at Webmind Inc., leading several projects in AI, data mining and information retrieval.   Ben and Cassio are the chief architects of the Novamente AI Engine, one of the AGI projects described in the book.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Goertzel, Ben

Pennachin, Cassio

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;8
3;Contemporary Approaches to Artificial General Intelligence;15
3.1;1 A Brief History of AGI;15
3.2;2 What Is Intelligence?;20
3.3;3 The Abstract Theory of General Intelligence;25
3.4;4 Toward a Pragmatic Logic;29
3.5;5 Emulating the Human Brain;31
3.6;6 Emulating the Human Mind;33
3.7;7 Creating Intelligence by Creating Life;36
3.8;8 The Social Nature of Intelligence;38
3.9;9 Integrative Approaches;40
3.10;10 The Outlook for AGI;41
3.11;Acknowledgments;42
3.12;References;42
4;The Logic of Intelligence;45
4.1;1 Intelligence and Logic;45
4.2;2 The Components of NARS;57
4.3;3 The Properties of NARS;66
4.4;4 Conclusions;74
4.5;References;74
5;The Novamente Artificial Intelligence Engine;77
5.1;1 Introduction;77
5.2;2 Enabling Software Technologies;81
5.3;3 What Is Artificial General Intelligence?;86
5.4;4 The Psynet Model of Mind;94
5.5;5 The Novamente AGI Design;97
5.6;6 Interacting with Humans and Data Stores;118
5.7;7 Example Novamente AI Processes;124
5.8;8 Conclusion;138
5.9;Acknowledgments;139
5.10;Appendix: Novamente Applied to Bioinformatic Pattern Mining;139
5.11;References;141
6;Essentials of General Intelligence: The Direct Path to Artificial General Intelligence;144
6.1;1 Introduction;144
6.2;2 General Intelligence;144
6.3;3 Shortcuts to AGI;148
6.4;4 Foundational Cognitive Capabilities;155
6.5;5 An AGI in the Making;157
6.6;6 From Algorithms to General Intelligence;160
6.7;7 Other Research;163
6.8;8 Fast-track AGI: Why So Rare?;165
6.9;9 Conclusion;168
6.10;References;169
7;Artificial Brains;171
7.1;1 Introduction;171
7.2;2 Evolvable Hardware;173
7.3;3 The CAM-Brain Machine (CBM);178
7.4;4 Short- and Long-Term Future;183
7.5;5 Postscript – July 2002;184
7.6;References;186
8;The New AI: General & Sound & Relevant for Physics;187
8.1;1 Introduction;187
8.2;2 More Formally;188
8.3;3 Prediction Using a Universal Algorithmic Prior Based on the Shortest Way of Describing Objects;189
8.4;4 Super Omegas and Generalizations of Kolmogorov Complexity & Algorithmic Probability;191
8.5;5 Computable Predictions Through the Speed Prior Based on the Fastest Way of Describing Objects;193
8.6;6 Speed Prior-Based Predictions for Our Universe;194
8.7;7 Optimal Rational Decision Makers;196
8.8;8 Optimal Universal Search Algorithms;197
8.9;9 Optimal Ordered Problem Solver (OOPS);198
8.10;10 OOPS-Based Reinforcement Learning;202
8.11;11 The Gödel Machine;203
8.12;12 Conclusion;204
8.13;13 Acknowledgments;206
8.14;References;206
9;Gödel Machines: Fully Self-referential Optimal Universal Self-improvers;211
9.1;1 Introduction and Outline;211
9.2;2 Basic Overview, Relation to Previous Work, and Limitations;212
9.3;3 Essential Details of One Representative Gödel Machine;218
9.4;4 Global Optimality Theorem;224
9.5;5 Bias-Optimal Proof Search (BIOPS);225
9.6;6 Discussion & Additional Relations to Previous Work;227
9.7;7 Conclusion;234
9.8;8 Acknowledgments;235
9.9;References;235
10;Universal Algorithmic Intelligence: A Mathematical Top. Down Approach;239
10.1;1 Introduction;239
10.2;2 Agents in Known Probabilistic Environments;242
10.3;3 Universal Sequence Prediction;253
10.4;4 The Universal Algorithmic Agent AIXI;258
10.5;5 Important Problem Classes;271
10.6;6 Time-Bounded AIXI Model;284
10.7;7 Discussion;292
10.8;Annotated Bibliography;297
10.9;References;299
11;Program Search as a Path to Artificial General Intelligence;303
11.1;1 Intelligence and the Search for Programs;303
11.2;2 Theoretical Results;306
11.3;3 Convenient Model of Computation;311
11.4;4 Reasoning Using Games;326
11.5;5 Conclusions;336
11.6;References;337
12;The Natural Way to Artificial Intelligence;339
12.1;1 Introduction;339
12.2;2 The Epistemological Problem;340
12.3;3 Approaches to the Theory of Evolutionary Origin of Human Intelligence;342
12.4;4 TwoModels;350
12.5;5 Towards the Implementation of Higher Cognitive Abilities;359
12.6;6 Conclusion;361
12.7;7 Acknowledgements;361
12.8;References;361
13;3D Simulation: the Key to A.I.;364
13.1;1 Introduction;364
13.2;2 Pillars of Intelligence;365
13.3;3 Consciousness;366
13.4;4 General Intelligence;369
13.5;5 3D Simulation and Language;374
13.6;6 Epistemology;377
13.7;7 Instantiation: the Heart of Consciousness;378
13.8;8 In a Nutshell;381
13.9;9 Real-World AI;385
13.10;10 Conclusion;396
13.11;References;397
14;Levels of Organization in General Intelligence;399
14.1;1 Foundations of General Intelligence;399
14.2;2 Levels of Organization in Deliberative General Intelligence;407
14.3;3 Seed AI;486
14.4;4 Conclusions;503
14.5;References;506
15;Index;512