Gilles Animals and Environmental Fitness: Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Adaptation and Ecology

Invited Lectures
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8932-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 638 Seiten, Web PDF

Animals and Environmental Fitness, Volume 1: Invited Lectures is a collection of papers that tackles ecological concerns. The materials of the book are organized according the main issue of their contents. The text first tackles the chemical factors of the environment, such as water and oxygen availability, ecomones, and pollutants. The other half of the book encompasses the physical factors of the environment that include light, pressure, and temperature. The text will be of great use to scientists who study the interaction between flora, fauna, and the total environment.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Gilles, R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Invited Lectures;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS;10
6;MARCEL FLORKIN AND THE SYSTEM OF BIOCHEMISTRY
;14
7;PART A: CHEMICAL FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT;20
7.1;CHAPTER 1. CELL VOLUME CONTROL AS STUDIED IN CRUSTACEAN TISSUES;22
7.1.1;ABSTRACT;22
7.1.2;KEYWORDS;22
7.1.3;I. INTRODUCTION: VOLUME MAINTENANCE AND REGULATION;22
7.1.4;II. THE VOLUME REGULATION PROCESS;24
7.1.5;III. THE INTRACELLULAR OSMOTIC EFFECTORS;27
7.1.6;IV. CONTROL OF THE AMOUNT OF OSMOTIC EFFECTORS;29
7.1.7;V. CONCLUSIONS;38
7.1.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;39
7.1.9;REFERENCES;39
7.2;CHAPTER 2. AMINO ACID TRANSPORT COUPLED TO CELL VOLUME REGULATION IN ANISOSMOTIC MEDIA;46
7.2.1;I. INTRODUCTION;46
7.2.2;II. INTRACELLULAR ORGANIC OSMOTIC EFFECTORS;49
7.2.3;III. REGULATION OF THE INTRACELLULAR AMINO ACID POOL;51
7.2.4;IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;56
7.2.5;V. REFERENCES;57
7.3;CHAPTER 3. CELL VOLUME REGULATION IN MAMMALIAN CELLS;62
7.3.1;ABSTRACT;62
7.3.2;KEYWORDS;62
7.3.3;INTRODUCTION;62
7.3.4;RESULTS AND METHODS;63
7.3.5;REGULATION IN ANISOTONIC MEDIA;65
7.3.6;REGULATION OF THE AMINO ACID POOL;66
7.3.7;REGULATION OF THE INTRACELLULAR INORGANIC OSMOTIC EFFECTORS;73
7.3.8;CONCLUSIONS;76
7.3.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;77
7.3.10;REFERENCES;77
8;CHAPTER 4. SALT TRANSPORT MECHANISMS IN BRANCHIAL EPITHELIA;80
8.1;ABSTRACT;80
8.2;INTRODUCTION;80
8.3;HYPERREGULATING CRUSTACEA AND FISH;81
8.4;HYPOREGULATING CRUSTACEA AND FISH;87
8.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;93
8.6;REFERENCES;93
9;CHAPTER 5. WATER TRANSPORT IN THE VERTEBRATE INTESTINE;98
9.1;INTRODUCTION;98
9.2;METHODS;98
9.3;MECHANISMS OF INTESTINAL WATER TRANSPORT;99
9.4;WATER TRANSPORT IN THE INTESTINE OF EURYHALINE TELEOSTS;100
9.5;ABSORPTION IN THE LOWER GUT OF MAMMALS;105
9.6;REFERENCES;106
10;CHAPTER 6. RENAL MECHANISMS FOR OSMOREGULATION IN REPTILES AND BIRDS;110
10.1;I. ABSTRACT;110
10.2;II. KEYWORDS;110
10.3;III. INTRODUCTION;110
10.4;IV. ANATOMICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF NEPHRONS;111
10.5;V. CONCENTRATING AND DILUTING CAPACITY AND TUBULAR REGULATION;111
10.6;VI. REGULATION OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE;117
10.7;VII. EXCRETION OF URIC ACID AND INORGANIC CATIONS;124
10.8;VIII. FLUID ABSORPTION BY PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES;125
10.9;IX. CONCLUDING REMARKS;127
10.10;X. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;127
10.11;XI. REFERENCES;127
11;CHAPTER 7. THE PRINCIPLE OF SPATIAL CORRELATION;130
11.1;ADAPTATION AS AN OPTIMALIZATION PROCESS;130
11.2;THE PRINCIPLE OF SPATIAL CORRELATION;132
11.3;FROM OLIGOMERIC ENZYMES TO ENZYME CLUSTERS;134
11.4;REFERENCES;135
12;CHAPTER 8. MODEL ANALYSIS OF GAS EXCHANGE ORGANS IN VERTEBRATES;138
12.1;ABSTRACT;138
12.2;KEYWORDS;138
12.3;INTRODUCTION;138
12.4;GENERAL MODEL;138
12.5;EXTERNAL MEDIUM AND TYPE OF EXCHANGE ORGAN;140
12.6;INTERNAL TRANSPORT MEDIUM: BLOOD;141
12.7;VARIOUS GAS EXCHANGE ORGANS: ANATOMY;142
12.8;VARIOUS PROBLEMS IN APPLICATION OF MODEL ANALYSIS TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA;148
12.9;REFERENCES;150
13;CHAPTER 9. CIRCULATION OF BLOOD IN VERTEBRATE OXYGEN TRANSPORT;152
13.1;ABSTRACT;152
13.2;KEYWORDS;152
13.3;INTRODUCTION;152
13.4;EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON BLOOD OXYGEN TRANSPORT;157
13.5;IMPORTANCE OF THE BOHR SHIFT;165
13.6;REFERENCES;171
14;CHAPTER 10. RESPIRATORY PROTEINS: MOLECULAR INTERFACES BETWEEN THE ORGANISM AND ITS ENVIRONMENT;176
14.1;ABSTRACT;176
14.2;KEYWORDS;176
14.3;ABBREVIATIONS USED;176
14.4;INTRODUCTION;176
14.5;SPECIFIC EXAMPLES;179
14.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;186
14.7;REFERENCES;186
15;CHAPTER 11. DISTRIBUTION OF RESPIRATORY PIGMENTS AND THE ROLE OF ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN THE LAMELLIBRANCH MOLLUSCS;190
15.1;ABSTRACT;190
15.2;I. INTRODUCTION;190
15.3;II. O2TRANSPORT WITH AN WITHOUT A BLOOD O2CARRIER;191
15.4;III. ROLE OF ANAEROBIC METABOLISM IN ESTUARINE LAMELLIBRANCHS;196
15.5;IV. ROLE OF O2 DEPENDENT PROCESSES IN DILUTE WATERS;199
15.6;ADDENDUM;203
16;CHAPTER 12. ENERGY METABOLISM IN BIVALVES AND CEPHALOPODS;204
16.1;ABSTRACT;204
16.2;KEYWORDS;204
16.3;INTRODUCTION;204
16.4;CHARACTERISTICS OF ANAEROBIC PATHWAYS;206
16.5;ANAEROBIC MITOCHONDRIAL REDOX REACTIONS;212
16.6;OCTOPINE METABOLISM;215
16.7;THE INFLUENCE OF SEASONAL CHANGES ON ENERGY METABOLISM IN BIVALVED MOLLUSCS;218
16.8;REFERENCES;222
17;CHAPTER 13. ARTHROPODS AND ECOMONES: BETTER FITNESS THROUGH ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY;226
17.1;ABSTRACT;226
17.2;KEYWORDS;226
17.3;INTRODUCTION;226
17.4;ECOMONES: BIOLOGICAL REALISM VS. NEOLOGISTIC CHAOS;227
17.5;DEFENSIVE ALLOMONES AS CRYPTIC "ALARM PHEROMONES";228
17.6;IDIOSYNCRATIC ALLOMONES: CHEMISTRY MAKES ALL THINGS POSSIBLE;231
17.7;ALLOMONES AND SEQUESTRATION: ECLECTIC DEFENSIVE SECRETIONS;233
17.8;ARTHROPOD ENTERIC MICROORGANISMS: TARGETS FOR PLANT ALLOMONES?;238
17.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;239
17.10;REFERENCES;239
18;CHAPTER 14. CHEMORECEPTION IN ARTHROPODS:SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY;242
18.1;ABSTRACT;242
18.2;KEYWORDS;242
18.3;INTRODUCTION;242
18.4;MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CHEMOSENSORY ORGANS;243
18.5;ECOLOGICAL CHEMICALS AND THEIR PERCEPTION;244
18.6;CONCLUSIONS;254
18.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;254
18.8;REFERENCES;255
19;CHAPTER 15. CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT;262
19.1;ABSTRACT;262
19.2;KEYWORDS;262
19.3;I- INTRODUCTION;262
19.4;II- TERRESTRIAL VERSUS MARINE ECOMONES
;263
19.5;Ill- PHEROMONES;265
19.6;IV- ALLOMONES;268
19.7;V- CONCLUSIONS;274
19.8;REFERENCES;275
20;CHEMICAL 16. CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF TERRESTRIALVERTEBRATES;282
20.1;ABSTRACT;282
20.2;KEYWORDS;282
20.3;INTRODUCTION;282
20.4;I. PREY DETECTION;283
20.5;II. PREDATOR RECOGNITION AND DEFENSE;288
20.6;III. NAVIGATION;291
20.7;IV. MISCELLANEOUS;295
20.8;CONCLUSIONS;296
20.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;296
20.10;REFERENCES;296
21;CHAPTER 17. HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT;302
21.1;ABSTRACT;302
21.2;KEYWORDS;302
21.3;I. INTRODUCTION;302
21.4;II. UPTAKE;304
21.5;III. CONTROL OR TOLERANCE;308
21.6;IV. VANADIUM, ITS RE-EVALUATION AS A TOXIN;315
21.7;V. CONCLUSIONS;315
21.8;VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;316
21.9;VII. REFERENCES;316
22;CHAPTER 18. CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS IN THE TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT;322
22.1;ABSTRACT;322
22.2;KEY WORDS;322
22.3;INTRODUCTION;322
22.4;ROUTES OF ENTRY OF POLLUTANTS IN TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS;323
22.5;EFFECTS OF POLLUTANTS ON TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS;325
22.6;REFERENCES;329
23;CHAPTER 19. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT;334
23.1;ABSTRACT;334
23.2;KEY WORDS;334
23.3;INTRODUCTION;334
23.4;ENVIRONMENTAL GENETIC TOXICOLOGY;335
23.5;MUTAGEN TESTING;336
23.6;CONCLUSIONS;342
23.7;REFERENCES;343
24;CHAPTER 20. CHRONOBIOLOGICAL VARIATIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL RESPONSES;348
24.1;ABSTRACT;348
24.2;KEYWORDS;348
24.3;REFERENCES;358
25;PART B: PHYSICAL FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT;346
25.1;CHAPTER 21. MOLECULAR REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF NYCTOHEMERAL RHYTHMS IN HEPATIC CELL DIVISION AND FUNCTION;364
25.1.1;ABSTRACT;364
25.1.2;KEY WORDS;364
25.1.3;INTRODUCTION;364
25.1.4;METHODS;366
25.1.5;LIVER REGENERATION IN ADULT RATS;367
25.1.6;YOUNG RAT LIVERS;370
25.1.7;POSSIBLE REGULATORY MECHANISM OF NYCTOHEMERAL RHYTHMS IN LIVERS OF YOUNG AND ADULT RATS;373
25.1.8;INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;376
25.1.9;MEDICAL APPLICATIONS;378
25.1.10;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;378
25.1.11;REFERENCES;379
25.2;CHAPTER 22. LIGHT AS AN ENTRAINING AGENT FOR BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS;382
25.2.1;ABSTRACT;382
25.2.2;KEYWORDS;382
25.2.3;INTRODUCTION;382
25.2.4;THE MECHANISM OF ENTRAINMENT TO LIGHT CYCLES;383
25.2.5;REFERENCES;399
25.3;CHAPTER 23. THE TOLERANCE OF ANIMALS TO PRESSURE;404
25.3.1;ABSTRACT;404
25.3.2;KEYWORDS;404
25.3.3;INTRODUCTION;404
25.3.4;REFERENCES;420
25.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;422
25.4;CHAPTER 24. OSMOREGULATION AND ION TRANSPORT AT HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE;424
25.4.1;ABSTRACT;424
25.4.2;KEYWORDS;424
25.4.3;INTRODUCTION;424
25.4.4;HIGH PRESSURE EXPERIMENTS ON MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY AND RELATED ENZYMES;427
25.4.5;GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES;439
25.4.6;REFERENCES;440
25.5;CHAPTER 25. PRESSURE EFFECTS ON BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS;446
25.5.1;ABSTRACT;446
25.5.2;KEYWORDS;446
25.5.3;INTRODUCTION;446
25.5.4;HIGH PRESSURE INSTRUMENTATION;447
25.5.5;MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS IN WATER;447
25.5.6;PROTEINS;448
25.5.7;LIPID PROTEIN INTERACTIONS;452
25.5.8;OUTLOOK;453
25.5.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;454
25.5.10;REFERENCES;454
25.6;CHAPTER 26. PRESSURE MEDIATED OSMOREGULATORY PROCESSES AND PRESSURE SENSING MECHANISM;460
25.6.1;ABSTRACT;460
25.6.2;KEYWORDS;460
25.6.3;INTRODUCTION;460
25.6.4;PRESSURE-GRADIENT MEDIATED TRANSPORT PROCESSES;462
25.6.5;EFFECT OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ON MEMBRANE TRANSPORT;467
25.6.6;MECHANISM OF PRESSURE TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSDUCTION;468
25.6.7;PREDICTIONS OF THE ELECTROMECHANICAL MODEL;473
25.6.8;CONCLUSIONS;474
25.6.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;475
25.6.10;REFERENCES;476
25.7;CHAPTER 27. LIVING ORGANISMS AND LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES. A HISTORICAL SURVEY;480
25.7.1;ABSTRACT;480
25.7.2;KEYWORDS;480
25.7.3;I. EARLIER ACQUISITIONS (BEFORE 1925);480
25.7.4;II. COLD THERMOGENESIS;481
25.7.5;III. DEATH IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHERMIA;493
25.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;494
25.7.7;REFERENCES;494
25.8;CHAPTER 28. ENZYME REGULATION, METABOLIC RATE AND ACID-BASE STATE IN HIBERNATION;506
25.8.1;ABSTRACT;506
25.8.2;KEYWORDS;506
25.8.3;I. INTRODUCTION;507
25.8.4;II. ENZYME REGULATION AND METABOLIC RATE;507
25.8.5;III. ACID-BASE STATE AND TEMPERATURE;511
25.8.6;IV. ACIDOSIS AND METABOLIC INHIBITION;515
25.8.7;V. COMPARATIVE ASPECTS: ACIDOTIC TORPIDITY;516
25.8.8;VI. CONCLUSION;517
25.8.9;REFERENCES;518
25.9;CHAPTER 29. HIBERNATION AND MEMBRANE FUNCTION IN REPTILES;522
25.9.1;ABSTRACT;522
25.9.2;KEYWORDS;522
25.9.3;INTRODUCTION;522
25.9.4;I. SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE COMPOSITION OF EXTRA- AND INTRACELLULAR FLUIDS;523
25.9.5;II. SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN MEMBRANE PERMEABILITIES;525
25.9.6;III. HIBERNATION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE;527
25.9.7;IV. ORIGIN OF SEASONAL VARIATIONS;531
25.9.8;V. CONCLUDING REMARKS;533
25.9.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;535
25.9.10;REFERENCES;535
25.10;CHAPTER 30. PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND MEMBRANE FUNCTION DURING TEMPERATURE ADAPTATION;540
25.10.1;ABSTRACT;540
25.10.2;KEYWORDS;540
25.10.3;INTRODUCTION;540
25.10.4;PRECONCEPTIONS;540
25.10.5;STRATEGIES OF ADAPTATION;544
25.10.6;MEMBRANE-BOUND ENZYMES;546
25.10.7;PASSIVE PERMEABILITY;552
25.10.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;556
25.10.9;REFERENCES;556
25.11;CHAPTER 31. THE REGULATION OF MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION IN THERMALLY ACCLIMATED POIKILOTHERMS;560
25.11.1;ABSTRACT;560
25.11.2;KEYWORDS;560
25.11.3;INTRODUCTION;560
25.11.4;TEMPERATURE-INDUCED CHANGES IN MEMBRANE LIPID COMPOSITION;561
25.11.5;REGULATION OF MEMBRANE LIPID FATTY ACID COMPOSITION;564
25.11.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;576
25.11.7;REFERENCES;577
25.12;CHAPTER 32. THE MAINTENANCE OF ENERGY BALANCE IN MARINE INVERTEBRATES EXPOSED TO CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE;580
25.12.1;ABSTRACT;580
25.12.2;KEYWORDS;580
25.12.3;I INTRODUCTION;580
25.12.4;II BASIC STRATEGIES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF ENERGY GAIN;581
25.12.5;III METABOLIC RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE IN 'EXPLOITATIVE' AND 'CONSERVATIONIST' SPECIES;593
25.12.6;IV INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN METABOLIC RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE
;595
25.12.7;V. CONCLUSIONS;598
25.12.8;REFERENCES;598
25.13;CHAPTER 33. BIOLOGICAL ANTIFREEZES AND SURVIVAL IN FREEZING ENVIRONMENTS;602
25.13.1;ABSTRACT;602
25.13.2;KEYWORDS;603
25.13.3;I. INTRODUCTION;603
25.13.4;II, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;623
25.13.5;III. REFERENCES;623
26;SUBJECT INDEX;628
27;TAXONOMIC INDEX;634