Geddes Reviews in Fluorescence 2007

2009
ISBN: 978-0-387-88722-7
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 2007, 400 Seiten

Reihe: Reviews in Fluorescence

This fourth volume in the Springer series summarizes the year's progress in fluorescence, with authoritative analytical reviews specialized enough for professional researchers, yet also appealing to a wider audience of scientists in related fields.

Dr. Chris D. Geddes, Ph.D., Professor, has extensive experience in fluorescence spectroscopy, particularly in fluorescence sensing and metal-fluorophore interactions (Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence), publishing over 190 papers and 18 books. Dr. Geddes is internationally known in fluorescence. He is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Fluorescence and founding editor of the Who's Who in Fluorescence and Annual Reviews in Fluorescence volumes. In addition, due to the labs pioneering efforts in the fields of metallic nanoparticle-fluorophore interactions, Dr. Geddes recently launched a new Springer Journal, Plasmonics, as well as a new annual hard bound book series Annual Reviews in Plasmonics. Dr. Geddes is Director of the Institute of Fluorescence, within the Medical Biotechnology Center which focuses on the nano-bio-technological applications of fluorescence. Dr. Geddes is currently the chair of 1 NIH study section, a frequent member of the NIBIB special emphasis sensing panels and a permanent member of the NIH EBT study section. http://theinstituteoffluorescence.com/

Autoren/Hrsg.

Geddes, Chris D

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;6
3;Contributors;8
4;Simple Calibration and Validation Standards for Fluorometry;11
4.1; Introduction;11
4.2; Overview of Fluorescence Standards;13
4.2.1; Instrument-Specific Quantities Affecting Fluorescence Signals;13
4.2.2; Types of Fluorescence Standards;15
4.2.3; General Requirements on Fluorescence Standards;16
4.2.4; International Equivalence of Measurements;16
4.2.5; Relative vs. Absolute Instrument Characterization;17
4.2.6; General Requirements on the Characterization of Standards;18
4.3; Spectral Fluorescence Standards;19
4.3.1; Standards for the Validation of the Wavelength Accuracy;19
4.3.2; Standards for the Determination of the Relative Spectral Responsivity;21
4.3.3; Standards for the Determination of the Relative Spectral Irradiance;25
4.4; Fluorescence Intensity Standards;26
4.4.1; Standards to Relate Chemical Concentration to Instrument Response;27
4.4.2; Fluorescence Quantum Yield Standards;28
4.4.3; Measurement of Absolute Fluorescence;29
4.5; Instrument Validation Standards;30
4.5.1; Day-to-Day Intensity Standards;31
4.6; Adaptation to Different Fluorescence Techniques;33
4.7; Conclusion and Outlook;34
4.8;References;35
5;Membranes and Fluorescence Microscopy;42
5.1; Introduction;42
5.2; Suitability of Different Model Membrane Systems for Fluorescence Microscopy Studies;44
5.2.1; GUVs as Membrane Model Systems: Advantages and Disadvantages;44
5.2.2; Planar Membranes;47
5.3; Fluorescent Probes and Lateral Structure of Biological Membranes;47
5.4; Lateral Structure of Compositionally Simple and Complex Membrane Model Systems;49
5.5; Peptide(Protein)Lipid Interactions Studies in GUVs;51
5.5.1; Peptide--Membrane Interactions;52
5.5.2; Protein--Membrane Interactions;54
5.5.2.1; Future Directions;54
5.6;References;55
6;Electronic Energy Transport and Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Structural Insights into Proteins, Regular Protein Aggregates and Lipid Systems;61
6.1; Introduction;62
6.2; Theoretical Development;64
6.2.1; Electronic Energy Migration/Transfer Within a Pair;65
6.2.2; DDEM in Regular Polymer Structures;71
6.2.3; Electronic Energy Migration/Transfer in Model Membranes;75
6.2.4; DAET/DDEM in Micelles;77
6.3; Applications of DAET and DDEM;78
6.3.1; Intra- and Intermolecular Distances in Proteins;78
6.3.2; Non-covalent Protein Polymers;80
6.4; Micelles;80
6.4.1; Electronic Energy Transfer in Membranes;82
6.5;Reference;88
7;Spectra FRET: A Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Method in Live Cells;95
7.1; Introduction;95
7.1.1; Why Do We Use FRET?;95
7.1.2; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer;96
7.2; Methods to Measure FRET;98
7.3; Spectral Imaging: Spectra FRET;99
7.3.1; Instrumentation;99
7.3.2; Data Acquisition;100
7.3.3; Data Analysis;102
7.3.3.1; Bleed-Through;102
7.3.3.2; Cross-Talk;103
7.3.4; Spectra FRET in Live Cells;103
7.3.5; Mixed Fluorophores Populations;104
7.3.6; Variable Donor/Acceptor Expression Level;105
7.3.7; Background Fluorescence;107
7.4; Conclusions;108
7.5;References;108
8;Boronic Acid Based Modular Fluorescent Saccharide Sensors;110
8.1; Introduction;95
8.2; Fluorescent Sensors;112
8.3; Modular Fluorescent Sensors;114
8.4; Conclusions;98
8.5;References;108
9;Fluorescence Solvent Relaxation in Cationic Membranes;126
9.1; Introduction;95
9.2; Fluorescence Solvent Relaxation Technique;112
9.3; SR Probes and Their Location in Lipid Bilayers;114
9.4; SR in Cationic Membranes;98
9.4.1; Hydration and Mobility of the DOPC/DOTAP Liposome Membranes;133
9.4.2; DMPC/DMTAP Versus DOPC/DOTAP;99
9.4.3; The Effect of Temperature on SR Kinetics in DOPC/DOTAP Membrane;100
9.5; Conclusions;139
9.6;References;108
10;Quantum Dot-Encoded Fluorescent Beads for Biodetectionand Imaging;145
10.1; QD-Encoded Microbeads;95
10.1.1; Porous Microbeads Doped with QDs;95
10.1.2; Layer-by-Layer Assembly;96
10.1.3; Polymerization/Silanization;151
10.2; QD-Encoded Nanobeads;99
10.2.1; Silica-Based Nanobeads;99
10.2.2; Polymer-QD Self-Assembly;100
10.3; In Vitro Biodetection and Imaging;139
10.3.1; In Vitro Screening Using Barcoded Microbeads;156
10.3.2; QD-Nanobarcodes as Fluorescence Reporters;157
10.4; Perspectives;159
10.5;References;108
11;Study of Biological Assemblies by Ultrafast FluorescenceSpectroscopy;163
11.1; Introduction;95
11.2; Cyclodextrins;112
11.2.1; Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay in Cyclodextrin;96
11.2.2; Solvation Dynamics in Cyclodextrins;151
11.2.3; Excited State Proton Transfer in Cyclodextrins;133
11.3; Micelles;167
11.3.1; Excitation Wavelength Dependence of Solvation Dynamics in Micelles and Lipids;100
11.3.2; Solvation Dynamics in Micelles: Worm Like, in Ormosils and in Ionic Liquids;102
11.3.3; Ultrafast Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Proteins and Micelles;156
11.3.4; Photoisomerization in Micelle and Reverse Micelle;157
11.3.5; Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) in Micelles;103
11.4; Proteins;173
11.5; DNA;177
11.6; Conclusion and Future Outlook;178
11.7;References;108
12;Fluorescence Signal Amplification for Ultrasensitive DNA Detection;184
12.1; Introduction;95
12.2; Conjugated Polymers;112
12.3; Conjugated Polymers and Frster Resonance Energy Transfer;114
12.4; Fluorophore Encapsulation;98
12.5; Conclusion and Outlook;99
12.6;References;108
13;Exploring the Electrostatic Landscape of Proteins with Tryptophan Fluorescence;203
13.1; Introduction and Overview;95
13.1.1; Overview;95
13.2; Understanding Quenching from First Principles: Photoinduced Electron Transfer;114
13.2.1; Background;151
13.2.2; Quantitative Predictions;133
13.2.3; Discussion of Selected Papers;99
13.3; Quantitative Steady State Wavelength Predictions;227
13.4; Non-exponential Decay: Relaxation and Heterogeneity;139
13.5; Basic Studies of Electronic Structure;238
13.5.1; Resolved Spectra of Model Molecules;157
13.5.2; Final Remarks;103
13.6; Appendix: Notes on Electrostatics;173
13.7;References;108
14;Fluorescent Probes for Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy;253
14.1; Introduction;95
14.2; Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections of Biomolecular Probes and Fluorophores;112
14.3; Design Principles for Fluorophores with Large Two-Photon Absorption Cross Sections;114
14.3.1; Centrosymmetric Quadrupolar Fluorophores;151
14.3.2; Noncentrosymmetric Dipolar Fluorophores;133
14.4; Fluorescent Labels with Enhanced TPA Cross Sections for Cellular Imaging;167
14.5; Metal Cation Responsive Fluorescent Probes;227
14.5.1; Fluorescent Cation Sensors with Centrosymmetric Architecture;102
14.5.2; Cation Sensors with Dipolar Fluorophore Architecture;156
14.6; Conclusions;269
14.7;References;108
15;High-Resolution Fluorescence Studies onINTtie;Excited-StateIntra- and Intermolecular Proton Transfer;274
15.1; Introduction;274
15.2; High-Resolution Low-Temperature Fluorescence Spectroscopy;277
15.2.1; General;277
15.2.2; Spectral Linewidths Under Shpol'skii Conditions;279
15.3; 3-Hydroxychromones;280
15.4; Aza-Indoles;283
15.4.1; Molecular Beam Experiments;285
15.4.2; Condensed Phase Experiments;286
15.4.3; Femtosecond Kinetic Studies;288
15.5; Pyrazoloquinolines;290
15.6; Alkylamino Pyridine- N -Oxides;294
15.7; Concluding Remarks;298
15.8;References;300
16;Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusion Fluorescence: A Review ;302
16.1; Introduction;274
16.2; Inclusions: A Brief Description ;277
16.3; The Inclusion Fluids;305
16.4; Fluorescence of Crude Oils;306
16.5; HCFI Fluorescence;280
16.6; Sample Preparation;283
16.7; Epifluorescence Microscopy;309
16.8; High Spatial Resolution Microscopy for HCFI Analysis;313
16.8.1; Conventional Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy;288
16.8.2; Structured-Light Illumination Microscopy;316
16.8.3; Multi-Photon Excitation;316
16.9; Micro-spectroscopy of HCFI;298
16.9.1; Fluorescence Emission Micro-spectroscopy;317
16.9.2; Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrix (EEM) Spectroscopy;322
16.9.3; Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy (FLIM);325
16.10; Concluding Remarks;327
16.11;References;300
17;Photophysics and Biophysical Applications of Benzo[a]phenoxazine Type Fluorophores;338
17.1; Introduction;274
17.2; Nile Red as a Solvatochromic and Fluorescence Anisotropy Probe;277
17.3;References;300
18;A Fluorescence Quenching Method to Study Interactions of Hemoglobin Derivatives with Erythroid Spectrin;366
18.1; Introduction;367
18.2; Materials and Methods;368
18.2.1; Collection and Isolation of Hemoglobin from Human Blood Samples;369
18.2.2; Isolation and Purification of Spectrin;369
18.2.3; Preparation of Human - and -Globin Chains;369
18.2.4; Fluorescein-Conjugated Spectrin;370
18.2.5; Fluorescence Measurements and Quenching of F-spectrin by Hemoglobins;370
18.3; Results;371
18.4; Discussion;375
18.5;References;377
19;Photoluminescence of Pharmaceutical Materials in the Solid State. 4. Fluorescence Studies of Various Solvated and Desolvated Solvatomorphs of Erythromycin A;381
19.1; Introduction;381
19.2; Experimental Details;382
19.2.1; Materials;382
19.2.2; Methods;383
19.3; Results;383
19.3.1; Erythromycin A Dihydrate;384
19.3.2; Erythromycin A Methanolate;386
19.3.3; Erythromycin A Ethanolate;388
19.3.4; Erythromycin A Isopropanolate;390
19.4; Discussion;391
19.5;References;393
20;Index;395