Garrett The Science of Defoaming

Theory, Experiment and Applications
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4200-6042-3
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 598 Seiten

This book comprehensively covers the science of defoaming. It describes the mode of action of antifoams, presenting the relevant theory and the supporting experimental evidence. Introductory chapters discuss the intrinsic properties of foam, experimental technique and the wetting behavior of antifoam oils at air-water surfaces. Separate chapters deal with the effect of antifoam concentration on foam formation by air entrainment and the process of deactivation of oil/hydrophobic particle antifoams during foam generation in aqueous media. The book also includes a chapters on defoaming by mechanical means and scientific issues associated with the application of defoaming in radically different contexts.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Garrett, Peter R.

Fachgebiete

• Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Mechanische und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

SOME GENERAL PROPERTIES OF FOAMS
INTRODUCTION
THE STRUCTURE OF FOAMS
FOAM FILMS
PROCESSES ACCOMPANYING THE AGEING OF FOAM
SUMMARISING REMARKS

EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGIES FOR STUDY OF FOAM AND ANTIFOAM ACTION
INTRODUCTION
MEASUREMENT OF FOAM
OBSERVATIONS WITH SINGLE FOAM FILMS
AIR-WATER-OIL PSEUDOEMULSION FILMS
SPREADING BEHAVIOUR OF OILS
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES

OILS AT INTERFACES; ENTRY COEFFICIENTS, SPREADING COEFFICIENTS AND THIN FILM FORCES
INTRODUCTION
CLASSICAL ENTRY AND SPREADING COEFFICIENTS
GENERALISED ENTRY COEFFICIENTS, PSEUDOEMULSION FILMS AND THIN FILM FORCES
MODE OF RUPTURE OF PSEUDOEMULSION FILMS
GENERALISED SPREADING COEFFICIENTS AND THIN FILM FORCES
THE SPREADING BEHAVIOUR OF TYPICAL ANTIFOAM OILS AT AQUEOUS SURFACES
NON-EQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS DUE TO SURFACTANT TRANSPORT
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES

THE MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIFOAMS
INTRODUCTION
ANTIFOAMS EFFECTS DUE TO SOLUBILISED OILS
EFFECT ON FOAMABILITY OF MESOPHASE PRECIPITATION IN AQUEOUS SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS
SURFACE TENSION GRADIENTS AND THEORIES OF ANTIFOAM MECHANISM
OIL BRIDGES AND ANTIFOAM MECHANISM
THE ANTIFOAM BEHAVIOUR OF EMULSIFIED LIQUIDS
INERT HYDROPHOBIC PARTICLES AND CAPILLARY THEORIES OF ANTIFOAM MECHANISM FOR AQUEOUS SYSTEMS
MIXTURES OF HYDROPHOBIC PARTICLES AND OILS AS ANTIFOAMS FOR AQUEOUS SYSTEMS
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 4.1: Tables listing examples of early patents concerning mixtures of hydrophobic particles and oils as antifoams for aqueous systems

THE EFFECT OF ANTIFOAM CONCENTRATION ON THE VOLUMES OF FOAM GENERATED BY AIR ENTRAINMENT
PHENOMENOLOGY
A STATISTICAL THEORY OF ANTIFOAM ACTION
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 5.1: The Effect of Excluded Volume on Antifoam Concentration in a Foam Film exhibiting Reynolds Drainage

DEACTIVATION OF MIXED OIL/PARTICLE ANTIFOAMS DURING DISPERSAL AND FOAM GENERATION IN AQUEOUS MEDIA
INTRODUCTION
DEACTIVATION OF THE ANTIFOAM EFFECT OF POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE OILS WITHOUT PARTICLES
EARLY WORK WITH HYDROPHOBED SILICA/POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE ANTIFOAMS
DEACTIVATION OF HYDROPHOBED SILICA/POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE ANTIFOAMS BY DISPROPORTIONATION
THE EFFECT OF OIL VISCOSITY ON THE DEACTIVATION OF HYDROPHOBED SILICA/POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE ANTIFOAMS
DEACTIVATION OF OTHER TYPES OF HYDROPHOBIC PARTICLE/OIL ANTIFOAMS
THEORIES OF FOAM VOLUME GROWTH IN THE PRESENCE OF DEACTIVATING ANTIFOAM
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES

MECHANICAL METHODS FOR DEFOAMING
INTRODUCTION
DEFOAMING USING ROTARY DEVICES
DEFOAMING USING ULTRASOUND
DEFOAMING USING PACKED BEDS OF APPROPRIATE WETTABILITY
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 7.1

ANTIFOAMS FOR DETERGENT PRODUCTS
INTRODUCTION
POWDERS FOR MACHINE WASHING OF LAUNDRY
LIQUIDS FOR MACHINE WASHING OF LAUNDRY
MACHINE DISHWASHING
GENERAL HARD-SURFACE CLEANING PRODUCTS
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES
APPENDIX 8.1

THE CONTROL OF FOAM IN WATERBORNE LATEX PAINTS
INTRODUCTION
FOAM AND ANTIFOAM BEHAVIOUR
SPECIFIC ISSUES CONCERNING OIL-BASED ANTIFOAMS
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES

ANTIFOAMS FOR GAS-OIL SEPARATION IN CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
SURFACE ACTIVITY AT THE GAS-HYDROCARBON AND GAS-CRUDE OIL INTERFACES
CAUSES OF FOAM FORMATION IN GAS-CRUDE OIL SYSTEMS
USE OF ANTIFOAMS
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF DEFOAMING
INTRODUCTION
USE OF SIMETHICONE ANTIFOAM IN TREATMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL GAS
DEFOAMING OF BLOOD DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS SURGERY
SUMMARISING REMARKS
REFERENCES