Galaty / Watkinson Archaeology Under Dictatorship

1. Auflage 2004
ISBN: 978-0-387-36214-4
Verlag: Springer US
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 222 Seiten

Archaeological knowledge is not created in a vacuum and our understanding of the past is profoundly affected by political ideologies. In fact, a relationship between politics and archaeology develops to some degree in every nation, regardless of social and economic circumstances. The connections between politics and archaeology become most visible, however, within a totalitarian dictatorship, when a dictator seeks to create and legitimize new state-supported ideologies. Any dictator may attempt to control and exploit the past, often by directly controlling archaeologists. 

The degree to which a nation's archaeological system may continue to be affected after the fall of the dictator depends upon both the previous regime's ideological position and its level of dependence upon archaeology, and the response of archaeologists to the regime, collectively and individually. Archaeology Under Dictatorship demonstrates that the study of archaeology as it evolved under modern dictatorships is today, more than ever, of critical importance. For example, in many European countries those who practiced archaeology under dictatorship are retiring or dying. In some places, their intellectual legacy is being pursued uncritically by a younger generation of archaeologists. 

Now is the time, therefore, to understand how archaeologists have supported, and sometimes subverted, dictatorial political ideologies. In studying archaeology as practiced under totalitarian dictatorship, that most harsh of political systems, light is shed on the issue of politics and archaeology generally. This volume aims to provide a theoretical basis for understanding the specific effects of totalitarian dictatorship upon the practice of archaeology, both during and after the dictator's reign. The nine essays explore experiences from every corner of the Mediterranean, from the heartlands of Italy, Spain and Greece, to the less well-known shores of Albania and Libya. With its wide-range

Autoren/Hrsg.

Watkinson, Charles

Galaty, Michael L.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contributors;5
2;Preface;6
3;Contents;8
4;Chapter 1 The Practice of Archaeology Under Dictatorship;10
4.1;1. DICTATORSHIP DEFINED;11
4.2;2. ALBANIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ENVER HOXHA;17
4.3;3. CONCLUSION;21
4.4;Notes;23
4.5;Bibliography;24
5;Chapter 2 Fascism in the Desert A Microcosmic View of Archaeological Politics;27
5.1;Note;38
5.2;Bibliography;38
6;Chapter 3 The Trojans in Epirus Archaeology, Myth, and Identity in Inter-War Albania;40
6.1;1. INTRODUCTION: NEW MEN AND MYTHS;40
6.2;2. FROM LIBERALISM TO FASCISM: REMAKING THE ROMANS;43
6.3;3. FASCISM AND MYTH;44
6.4;4. THE “FIFTH SHORE”: ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE LAND OF THE EAGLES;46
6.5;5. THE RETURN OF AENEAS: EXCAVATIONS AT BUTRINT;51
6.6;6. CONCLUSIONS: THE RETURN OF THE ROMANS?;57
7;Chapter 4 Italian Colonial Archaeology in Libya 1912–1942;62
7.1;1. INTRODUCTION;62
7.2;2. AN OUTLINE OF ITALIAN COLONIAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN LIBYA;64
7.3;3. STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS;71
7.4;4. FASCISM AND ARCHAEOLOGY;76
7.5;Note;78
7.6;Bibliography;78
8;Chapter 5 Italian Archaeology in Libya From Colonial Romanit` to Decolonization of the Past;79
8.1;1. FOREWORD;79
8.2;2. COLONIAL ROMANIT ` A: FRENCH PRECEDENTS AND THE FIRST ITALIAN EXPERIMENTS;79
8.3;3. THE ITALO-TURKISH WAR: THE IDEOLOGY OF ROMANIT AS A POLITICAL TOOL;80
8.4;4. THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CONQUEST: ARCHAEOLOGISTS AND SOLDIERS;83
8.5;5. THE “FASCISING” OF ITALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY IN LIBYA;85
8.6;6. THE METHODS OF ITALIAN COLONIAL ARCHAEOLOGY;86
8.7;7. COLONIAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND RACISM: CARTHAGINIANS AND GARAMANTES;86
8.8;8. ROMAN TRIPOLITANIA AT SCHOOL, IN EXHIBITIONS AND CINEMA, AND FOR TOURISM;89
8.9;9. DUX AND PROCONSULES IN NEO-ROMAN TRIPOLITANIA;91
8.10;10. THE ARTS IN THE SERVICE OF ROME;94
8.11;11. “THE FOURTH PUNIC WAR”: ANOTHER WAR IN THE FOOTPRINTS OF ROME;101
8.12;12. THE ITALIAN HERITAGE IN THE POST-WAR DEPARTMENT OF ANTIQUITIES OF LIBYA;102
8.13;13. DECOLONIZING THE PAST: A NEW LIBYA SEARCHING FOR IDENTITY;103
8.14;Note;109
8.15;Bibliography;110
9;Chapter 6 Archaeological Resource Management Under Franco’s Spain;114
9.1;1. AIMS AND BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CGEA;116
9.2;2. THE PERSONNEL OF THE CGEA IN THE MAIN OFFICE;118
9.3;3. THE HUMAN BASE OF THE CGEA: THE PROVINCIAL AND LOCAL COMMISSARS;121
9.4;4. THE EXCAVATIONS MANAGED BY THE CGEA;125
9.5;5. THE 1950S: BEGINNING OF THE END;126
9.6;6. DISCUSSION;128
9.7;Notes;131
9.8;Works Cited;133
10;Chapter 7 Whose Hittites, and Why? Language, Archaeology and the Quest for the Original Turks;136
10.1;Notes;157
10.2;Bibliography;157
11;Chapter 8 On the Stage and Behind the Scenes Greek Archaeology in Times of Dictatorship;159
11.1;1. INTRODUCTION;159
11.2;2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND;160
11.3;3. METAXAS’ “NEW STATE”;166
11.4;4. ARCHAEOLOGY IN WAR AND POST-WAR TIMES;172
11.5;5. THE COLONELS’ “NATIONAL REVOLUTION”;176
11.6;6. THE LEGACY;183
11.7;7. EPILOGUE;187
11.8;Acknowledgements;188
11.9;Notes;189
11.10;Bibliography;190
12;Chapter 9 Dealing with the Devil The Faustian Bargain of Archaeology Under Dictatorship;195
12.1;1. WHAT IS IT GOOD FOR?;195
12.2;2. CHOICES, CHOICES: CONSTRUCTING IDENTITY;197
12.3;3. CLASS AND GENDER;200
12.4;4. EDUCATION AND INDOCTRINATION;202
12.5;6. WALKING THE TIGHTROPE;204
12.6;7. FOLLOW THE MONEY;205
12.7;8. EFFECTS AND AFTEREFFECTS;206
12.8;9. CONCLUSIONS;211
13;Bibliography;214
14;Index;217