Furka The Structure Dependent Energy of Organic Compounds

1. Auflage 2019
ISBN: 978-3-030-06004-6
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 124 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science

This brief introduces readers to an alternative thermochemical reference system that makes it possible to use the heats of formation of organic compounds to deduce the energies that depend entirely on their structures, and which provides calculated values for most of the characteristic structures appearing in organic molecules. These structure-dependent energies are provided e.g. for selected compounds of normal and cyclic alkanes, open chain and cyclic olefins (including conjugated polyenes), alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons and their substituted derivatives. The oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen derivatives of the above-mentioned compounds are also represented with calculated structure-dependent energies including alcohols, ethers, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, thiols, sulfides, amines, amides, heterocyclic compounds and others. Most organic reactions can be interpreted as the disappearance of certain structures and formation of others. If the structure-dependent energies are known, it can be shown how the disappearing and the newly formed structures contribute to the heat of reactions and to the driving forces. As experienced by the author, who pioneered the concept, structure dependent energies can help teachers to make organic chemistry more accessible for their students. Accordingly, the brief offers a valuable resource for all those who teach organic chemistry at universities, and for those who are learning it.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Furka, Árpád

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1. An alternative thermochemical reference system      Introduction     Alkanes as reference substances     Compounds containing O, N, S, F, Cl, Br and/or I2. Hydrocarbons     Alkanes     Cycloalkanes     Alkenes          Monoolefines          Cyclic mono-alkenes          Di and polyolefines. Stabilization energy of butadiene      Allenes      Alkynes      Aromatic hydrocarbons          Stabilization energy of benzene          Substituted benzene derivatives          Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons3. The oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons     Alcohols          Vinyl alcohol     Phenols     Ethers          Cyclic ethers          Stabilization energy of furan     Peroxides     Aldehydes and ketones     Acetals and ketals     Carboxylic acids     Carboxylic acid esters     Carboxylic acid anhydrides     Ketene and carbon dioxide4. Organic compounds containing nitrogen     Amines          Azocycloalkanes          Aromatic amines     Carboxylic acid amides     Hydrazine derivatives     Nitriles     Imines, oximes, hydroxylamines and azo compounds     Heteroaromatic compounds          Five member ring compounds. Stabilization energy of pyrrole          Benzenoid heteroaromatic compounds      Nitro compounds     Organic nitrites and nitrates 5. Organosulfur compounds     Thiols      Organic sulfides     Cyclic sulfides          Stabilization energy of thiophene     Thioaldehydes     Carbothioic S-acids and esters     Disulfides      Sulfoxides, sulfones sulfites and sulfates6. Organohalides     Halogens     Alkyl halides     Alkenyl halides      Aryl halides     Halogen derivatives of carboxylic acids and esters      Carboxylic acid halides     Carbonyl halides7. Radicals, cations, and anions      Radicals      Carbocations      Carbanions      Homolytic dissociation energies and relative enthalpies8. Inorganic compounds     Elements      Hydrogen compounds of the elements     Carbon sulfides and oxides      Sulfuric acid, sulfur oxides and halides     Nitrogen compounds 9. Components of the heats of reactions      The relative enthalpies of the elements and their meaning      Components of the heats of reactions     Type 1 reactions    Type 2 reactions    Type 3 reactions     Reactions preserving the starting number of molecules…         Formation of alkyl halides by substitution reactions         Formation of carboxylic acid esters and amides          Formation of carboxylic acid anhydrides     Reactions proceeding with reduction of the number of molecules           Additions to unsaturated hydrocarbons           Additions to functionalized derivatives of hydrocarbons          Formation of acetals
     Reactions proceeding with the increase of the number of molecules           Formation of carboxylic acid chlorides          The hydroperoxide rearrangement           Cyclysation reactions          Other reactions proceeding with the increase of the number of molecules

Über Autor(innen)

Árpád Furka got his PhD at the University of Szeged Hungary in 1959. As post doctor he participated in determination of the amino acid sequence of chymotrypsinogen-B at the University of Alberta Canada. From 1972 to 2001 he was full professor at Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary. He wrote a text book for his students in Hungarian: Szerves kémia, Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó 1988. When writing this book he realized that there is a need for characterization of organic compounds with their reliable structure dependent energies. The result is a series of publications and the content of this book. This approach also makes possible to interpret the heats of reactions as the consequences of transformations of individual structures. Professor Furka is best known as a father of combinatorial chemistry. He first described the principles of this new discipline in a notarized document in 1982.