Fraser Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep

An Anthology from ``Applied Animal Ethology''
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8992-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 450 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Developments in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

Although intensive husbandry is increasingly applied to sheep, most sheep production around the world is still based on the extensive system. Under these conditions, attempts to improve productivity must take particular account of reproductive and developmental behaviour, as successful sheep production depends heavily on optimal reproduction and development. These topics are presented in this anthology of selected publications on sheep behaviour. The papers have been taken from ten years of Applied Animal Ethology (now Applied Animal Behaviour Science) from its inception in December 1974 to the end of its publication under that title in 1984.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fraser, A. F.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Reproductive and Developmental Behaviour in Sheep;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Introduction;10
6;SECTION I: Sexual Behaviour;12
6.1;Chapter 1. Mating activity and its relationship to reproductive performance in Merino sheep;12
6.1.1;ABSTRACT;12
6.1.2;INTRODUCTION;12
6.1.3;SERIES 1;13
6.1.4;DISCUSSION;16
6.1.5;SERIES 2;17
6.1.6;DISCUSSION;21
6.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;22
6.1.8;REFERENCES;22
6.2;Chapter 2. The prediction of fertility and fecundity from the mating activity of ewes;24
6.2.1;ABSTRACT;24
6.2.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;28
6.2.3;REFERENCES;28
6.3;Chapter 3. The effects of dominance and infertility of rams on reproductive performance;30
6.3.1;ABSTRACT;30
6.3.2;INTRODUCTION;30
6.3.3;METHODS;31
6.3.4;RESULTS;33
6.3.5;DISCUSSION;37
6.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;39
6.3.7;REFERENCES;39
6.4;Chapter 4. Effect of changing the teaser ewe on the sexual activity of the ram;42
6.4.1;ABSTRACT;42
6.4.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;44
6.4.3;REFERENCES;44
6.5;Chapter 5. Mating competency of rams and flock fertility;46
6.5.1;ABSTRACT;46
6.5.2;INTRODUCTION;46
6.5.3;OBSERVATIONS;46
6.5.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;47
6.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;48
6.5.6;REFERENCES;48
6.6;Chapter 6. Sexual partner preference of adult rams (Ovis aries) as affected by social experiences during rearing;50
6.6.1;ABSTRACT;50
6.6.2;INTRODUCTION;50
6.6.3;PART A - OBJECT OF SEXUAL PREFERENCE;51
6.6.4;PART B - COMPETITION BETWEEN TWO RAMS OVER AN ESTROUS EWE;55
6.6.5;PART C - COMPETITION AMONG RAMS OVER AN ESTROUS EWE;56
6.6.6;DISCUSSION;57
6.6.7;CONCLUSIONS;60
6.6.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;60
6.6.9;REFERENCES;60
6.7;Chapter 7. Ability of castrate male sheep treated with oestrogen or testosterone toinduce and detect oestrus in ewes;62
6.7.1;ABSTRACT;62
6.7.2;INTRODUCTION;62
6.7.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;63
6.7.4;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS;64
6.7.5;DISCUSSION;69
6.7.6;CONCLUSION;70
6.7.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;70
6.7.8;REFERENCES;70
6.8;Chapter 8. Effectiveness of testosterone-treated wethers and ewes as teasers;72
6.8.1;ABSTRACT;72
6.8.2;INTRODUCTION;72
6.8.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;73
6.8.4;EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS;74
6.8.5;DISCUSSION;78
6.8.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;79
6.8.7;REFERENCES;79
7;SECTION II: Fetal and Perinatal Behaviour;82
7.1;Chapter 9. Radiographic studies of postural behaviour in the sheep fetus:I. Simple fetal movements;82
7.1.1;ABSTRACT;82
7.1.2;INTRODUCTION;83
7.1.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;83
7.1.4;OBSERVATIONS;85
7.1.5;RESULTS;89
7.1.6;DISCUSSION;93
7.1.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;95
7.1.8;REFERENCES;95
7.2;Chapter 10. Radiographic studies of postural behaviour in the sheep fetus:II. Complex fetal movements;96
7.2.1;ABSTRACT;96
7.2.2;INTRODUCTION;96
7.2.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;97
7.2.4;OBSERVATIONS;98
7.2.5;DISCUSSIONS;102
7.2.6;CONCLUSIONS;105
7.2.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;106
7.2.8;REFERENCES;106
7.3;Chapter 11. Behaviour of the ewe and lamb at lambing and its relationship to lambmortality;108
7.3.1;ABSTRACT;108
7.3.2;INTRODUCTION;109
7.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;109
7.3.4;RESULTS;112
7.3.5;DISCUSSION;123
7.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;128
7.3.7;REFERENCES;128
7.4;Chapter 12. Some observations on activities of a small group of confined ewes withsingle, twin, or triplet lambs;130
7.4.1;ABSTRACT;130
7.4.2;INTRODUCTION;130
7.4.3;METHOD;131
7.4.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;131
7.4.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;134
7.4.6;REFERENCES;134
7.5;Chapter 13. Separation of ewes from twin lambs: incidence in several sheep breeds;136
7.5.1;ABSTRACT;136
7.5.2;INTRODUCTION;136
7.5.3;METHODS;137
7.5.4;DISCUSSION;149
7.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;151
7.5.6;REFERENCES;152
7.6;Chapter 14. Lamb mortality due to inadequate care of twins by Merino ewes;154
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;154
7.6.2;INTRODUCTION;154
7.6.3;METHODS;155
7.6.4;RESULTS;156
7.6.5;DISCUSSION;160
7.6.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;162
7.6.7;REFERENCES;163
7.7;Chapter 15. Variations in the strength of maternal behaviour and its conflict with flock behaviour in Dalesbred, Jacob and Soay ewes;164
7.7.1;ABSTRACT;164
7.7.2;INTRODUCTION;164
7.7.3;METHOD;165
7.7.4;RESULTS;166
7.7.5;DISCUSSION;168
7.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;169
7.7.7;REFERENCES;169
7.8;Chapter 16. Washing lambs and confinement as aids to fostering;170
7.8.1;ABSTRACT;170
7.8.2;INTRODUCTION;170
7.8.3;METHODS;171
7.8.4;RESULTS;173
7.8.5;DISCUSSION;178
7.8.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;180
7.8.7;REFERENCES;180
7.9;Chapter 17. Responses of tranquilized post-partum ewes to alien lambs;182
7.9.1;ABSTRACT;182
7.9.2;INTRODUCTION;182
7.9.3;METHODS;183
7.9.4;RESULTS;185
7.9.5;DISCUSSION;188
7.9.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;189
7.9.7;REFERENCES;189
8;SECTION III: Ewe—Lamb Recognition Factors;192
8.1;Chapter 18. The roles played by the senses of the ewe in the location and recognition of lambs;192
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;192
8.1.2;INTRODUCTION;192
8.1.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;193
8.1.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;196
8.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;202
8.1.6;REFERENCES;202
8.2;Chapter 19. Mutual recognition amongst ewes and lambs of four breeds of sheep (Ovis aries);204
8.2.1;ABSTRACT;204
8.2.2;INTRODUCTION;204
8.2.3;METHODS;205
8.2.4;RESULTS;207
8.2.5;DISCUSSION;214
8.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;218
8.2.7;REFERENCES;218
8.3;Chapter 20. The roles of sight and hearing in the lamb in the location and discrimination between ewes;220
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;220
8.3.2;INTRODUCTION;220
8.3.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;221
8.3.4;RESULTS;224
8.3.5;DISCUSSION;228
8.3.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;229
8.3.7;REFERENCES;229
8.4;Chapter 21. A comparison of the role of vision and hearing in lambs finding theirown dams;230
8.4.1;ABSTRACT;230
8.4.2;INTRODUCTION;230
8.4.3;METHODS;231
8.4.4;RESULTS;233
8.4.5;DISCUSSION;237
8.4.6;SUMMARY;238
8.4.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;238
8.4.8;REFERENCES;238
8.5;Chapter 22. Importance of visual clues from various body regions in maternal recognition of the young in Merino sheep (Ovis aries);240
8.5.1;ABSTRACT;240
8.5.2;INTRODUCTION;240
8.5.3;METHODS;241
8.5.4;RESULTS;242
8.5.5;DISCUSSION;244
8.5.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;246
8.5.7;REFERENCES;246
8.6;Chapter 23. A comparison of the role of vision and hearing in ewes finding their own lambs;248
8.6.1;ABSTRACT;248
8.6.2;INTRODUCTION;248
8.6.3;METHODS;249
8.6.4;NUMERICAL RESULTS;250
8.6.5;BEHAVIOUR;252
8.6.6;DISCUSSION;254
8.6.7;SUMMARY;256
8.6.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;256
8.6.9;REFERENCES;256
8.7;Chapter 24. Visual discrimination between ewes by lambs;258
8.7.1;ABSTRACT;258
8.7.2;INTRODUCTION;258
8.7.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;258
8.7.4;RESULTS;259
8.7.5;DISCUSSION;261
8.7.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;262
8.7.7;REFERENCES;262
8.8;Chapter 25. Maternal responses in Merino ewes to artificially coloured lambs;264
8.8.1;ABSTRACT;264
8.8.2;INTRODUCTION;264
8.8.3;METHODS;264
8.8.4;RESULTS;267
8.8.5;DISCUSSION;270
8.8.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;274
8.8.7;REFERENCES;274
8.9;Chapter 26. Discrimination of colours and grey shades by Merino ewes: tests using coloured lambs;276
8.9.1;ABSTRACT;276
8.9.2;INTRODUCTION;276
8.9.3;METHODS;277
8.9.4;TESTS;281
8.9.5;RESULTS;282
8.9.6;DISCUSSION;288
8.9.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;291
8.9.8;REFERENCES;291
8.10;Chapter 27. Recognition of washed lambs by Merino ewes;294
8.10.1;ABSTRACT;294
8.10.2;INTRODUCTION;294
8.10.3;METHODS;295
8.10.4;RESULTS;298
8.10.5;DISCUSSION;300
8.10.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;302
8.10.7;REFERENCES;302
8.11;Chapter 28. The importance of odour, appearance and voice in maternal recognition of the young in Merino sheep (Ovis aries);304
8.11.1;ABSTRACT;304
8.11.2;INTRODUCTION;305
8.11.3;METHODS;305
8.11.4;RESULTS;307
8.11.5;DISCUSSION;310
8.11.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;312
8.11.7;REFERENCES;312
8.12;Chapter 29. Odour, and the recognition of lambs by Merino ewes;314
8.12.1;ABSTRACT;314
8.12.2;INTRODUCTION;314
8.12.3;METHODS;315
8.12.4;RESULTS;316
8.12.5;DISCUSSION;317
8.12.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;318
8.12.7;REFERENCES;318
8.13;Chapter 30. Odour cues to maternal recognition of lambs: an investigation of some possible sources;320
8.13.1;ABSTRACT;320
8.13.2;INTRODUCTION;320
8.13.3;METHODS;321
8.13.4;RESULTS;324
8.13.5;DISCUSSION;328
8.13.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;330
8.13.7;REFERENCES;330
8.14;Chapter 31. Role of auditory and visual cues in mutual recognition between ewesand lambs in Merino sheep;332
8.14.1;ABSTRACT;332
8.14.2;INTRODUCTION;333
8.14.3;METHODS;333
8.14.4;RESULTS;336
8.14.5;DISCUSSION;345
8.14.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;347
8.14.7;REFERENCES;347
8.15;Chapter 32. Maternal vocal recognition in lambs born to Jacob and Dalesbred ewes after embryo transplantation between breeds;350
8.15.1;ABSTRACT;350
8.15.2;INTRODUCTION;350
8.15.3;METHOD;351
8.15.4;RESULTS;352
8.15.5;DISCUSSION;356
8.15.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;357
8.15.7;REFERENCES;357
9;SECTION IV: Developmental Behaviour;358
9.1;Chapter 33. A study of following behaviour in young lambs;358
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;358
9.1.2;INTRODUCTION;358
9.1.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;359
9.1.4;RESULTS;360
9.1.5;DISCUSSION;362
9.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;365
9.1.7;REFERENCES;366
9.2;Chapter 34. Some effects of social deprivation on behavioral development of lambs;368
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;368
9.2.2;INTRODUCTION;368
9.2.3;METHODS;368
9.2.4;RESULTS;372
9.2.5;DISCUSSION;376
9.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;378
9.2.7;REFERENCES;378
9.3;Chapter 35. Effects of lamb rearing conditions on aggression and dominance relationships;380
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;380
9.3.2;INTRODUCTION;380
9.3.3;METHODS;381
9.3.4;RESULTS;384
9.3.5;DISCUSSION;389
9.3.6;REFERENCES;393
9.4;Chapter 36. Some factors involved in natural weaning processes in sheep;396
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;396
9.4.2;INTRODUCTION;396
9.4.3;MATERIALS AND METHODS;397
9.4.4;RESULTS;399
9.4.5;DISCUSSION;401
9.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;402
9.4.7;REFERENCES;402
9.5;Chapter 37. Preferences for sibling or mother in Dalesbred and Jacob twin lambs;404
9.5.1;ABSTRACT;404
9.5.2;INTRODUCTION;404
9.5.3;METHOD AND ANIMALS;405
9.5.4;RESULTS;406
9.5.5;DISCUSSION;411
9.5.6;REFERENCES;412
9.6;Chapter 38. Effect of differential rearing on the behavioral and adrenocortical response of lambs to a novel environment;414
9.6.1;ABSTRACT;414
9.6.2;INTRODUCTION;414
9.6.3;METHODS;415
9.6.4;DISCUSSION;421
9.6.5;REFERENCES;424
9.7;Chapter 39. The effects of maternal influences on sheep:breed differences in grazing, resting and courtship behaviour;426
9.7.1;ABSTRACT;426
9.7.2;INTRODUCTION;426
9.7.3;EXPERIMENTAL METHOD;428
9.7.4;ANALYTICAL METHOD;431
9.7.5;RESULTS;432
9.7.6;DISCUSSION;437
9.7.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;440
9.7.8;REFERENCES;440