François / Pineau / Zaoui Mechanical Behaviour of Materials

Volume I: Elasticity and Plasticity
Erscheinungsjahr 2012
ISBN: 978-94-011-5246-4
Verlag: Springer Netherland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 57, 440 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Solid Mechanics and Its Applications

Advances in technology are demanding ever-increasing mastery over the materials being used: the challenge is to gain a better understanding of their behaviour, and more particularly of the relations between their microstructure and their macroscopic properties. This two-volume work, of which this is the first volume, aims to provide the means by which this challenge may be met. Starting from the mechanics of deformation, it develops the laws governing macroscopic behaviour - expressed as the constitutive equations - always taking account of the physical phenomena which underlie rheological behaviour. The most recent developments are presented, in particular those concerning heterogeneous materials such as metallic alloys, polymers and composites. Each chapter is devoted to one of the major classes of material behaviour. As the subtitles indicate, Volume I deals with elasticity and plasticity and Volume II with viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, damage phenomena, and the mechanics of fracture and of contact. Annexes to Volume I give the relevant basic tools and techniques of continuous-media mechanics, crystallography and phase changes. Most of the chapters end with a set of exercises, to many of which either the full solution or hints on how to obtain this are given; each volume is profusely illustrated with explanatory diagrams and with electron-microscope photographs. Mechanics of Material Behaviour grew out of the Paris Diplome d'Études Approfondies (DEA, Advanced Studies Diploma) in Mechanics and Materials. In addition to Diploma-level students, it is addressed to students reading for a first degree in engineering, practising engineers and research workers in this field. The treatment is mathematical but the mathematical arguments should not prove difficult; the real difficulties of the subject stem from the frequent and considerable changes of scale that have to be appreciated and the need toacquire a firm grasp of the underlying physics.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

François, Dominique

Pineau, André

Zaoui, André

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1 Introduction.- 1.1 The main classes of materials, from the point of view of mechanical properties.- 1.2 Microstructures of materials.- 1.3 Characterisation of mechanical properties.- 1.4 Constitutive equations — general.- 2 Elastic Behaviour.- 2.1 Elastic potential.- 2.2 Two major classes of elastic behaviour.- 2.3 Anisotropy, plane waves.- 2.4 Variational methods: introduction to the finite element method.- 2.5 Heterogeneous materials: the method of bounds in linear elasticity.- 2.6 Elasticity of heterogeneous materials: initial deformations.- 2.7 The inclusion problem.- 2.8 Models of heterogeneous materials, based on inclusions.- 2.9 Elasticity of random media (outline).- Tables.- Exercises.- 3 Elastoplasticity.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 General: phenomenenological aspects.- 3.3 Physical mechanisms of plasticity.- 3.4 Rheological formulation of plastic behaviour.- Exercises.- Annex 1 Atomic and Molecular Structure of Matter.- 1. Types of bond.- 2. Crystalline solids: elements of crystallography.- 2.1 Crystallographic systems.- 2.2 Miller indices.- 2.3 Symmetry groups.- 2.4 Stereographic projection.- 2.5 Reciprocal lattice.- 2.6 Twinning.- 2.7 Ordered structures.- 2.8 X-ray diffraction.- 2.8.1 Laue’s equation.- 2.8.2 Coherent scattering of X-rays by an electron.- 2.8.3 Textures.- 2.8.4 Small-angle scattering, central scattering.- 3. Polymers.- 3.1 Main types of polymer.- 3.2 The main polymers.- 3.3 Bonds, molecular arrangements.- 3.4 Distribution of molecular weights.- 4. Amorphous solids.- Exercises.- Annex 2 Phase Transformations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Equilibrium diagrams.- 2.1 The nature of equilibrium.- 2.2 Thermodynamics of equilibrium.- 2.3 Multiphase equilibria-equilibrium diagrams.- 3. Kinetics — diffusion.- 3.1 Basic diffusion mechanisms.- 3.2 Thediffusion laws.- 4. Nucleation.- 5. Thermally-activated growth.- 6. Phenomenological theories of kinetics and phase changes.- 6.1 Isothermal transformations.- 6.2 Non-isothermal transformations.- 7. Solidification.- 7.1 Nucleation in the solid phase.- 7.2 Growth of the solid phase.- 7.3 Morphology of the solid phase.- 7.4 Solidification of eutectics.- 7.5 Structure of solidified material.- 8. Precipitation.- 9. Martensitic transformations.- 9.1 General features of martensitic transformations in steels.- 9.2 Critical points of the transformation, a note on the thermodynamics.- Exercises.- Annex 3 Continuum Mechanics: Basic Concepts.- Preliminaries: main formulae.- 1. Deformations.- 1.1 Background.- 1.2. Exercises.- 1.2.1 Calculation of strain fields for solids.- 1.2.2 Compatibility (small perturbations).- 1.2.3 Deformation of curves and surfaces.- 2. Stresses.- 2.1 Background.- 2.2 Exercises.- 2.2.1 Statically admissible stress fields.- 2.2.2 Mechanics of wires, strings, etc..- 3. Problems in linear elasticity with assumption of small perturbations.- 3.1 Background: quasi-static problems with simple mixed boundary conditions.- 3.2 Exercises.- 3.2.1 Notches and cracks.- 3.2.2 Green’s tensor.- 3.2.3 Spherical inhomogeneity.- Annex 4 World Production Of Raw Steel.- Physical constants and numerical factors.- Notation.- Coordinate systems.- Name index.