Fink Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-0-12-383845-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 808 Seiten

Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids is a comprehensive manual that provides end users with information about oil field chemicals, such as drilling muds, corrosion and scale inhibitors, gelling agents and bacterial control. This book is an extension and update of Oil Field Chemicals published in 2003, and it presents a compilation of materials from literature and patents, arranged according to applications and the way a typical job is practiced. The text is composed of 23 chapters that cover oil field chemicals arranged according to their use. Each chapter follows a uniform template, starting with a brief overview of the chemical followed by reviews, monomers, polymerization, and fabrication. The different aspects of application, including safety and environmental impacts, for each chemical are also discussed throughout the chapters. The text also includes handy indices for trade names, acronyms and chemicals. Petroleum, production, drilling, completion, and operations engineers and managers will find this book invaluable for project management and production. Non-experts and students in petroleum engineering will also find this reference useful. - Chemicals are ordered by use including drilling muds, corrosion inhibitors, and bacteria control - Includes cutting edge chemicals and polymers such as water soluble polymers and viscosity control - Handy index of chemical substances as well as a general chemical index

Johannes Fink is a Professor of Polymer Chemistry at Montanuniversität Leoben in Styria, Austria. Dr. Fink teaches macromolecular chemistry. His career spans for more than thirty years in the field of polymers, including characterization, flame retardancy and pyrolysis of polymers. Johannes has published multiple books and articles, including Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids, Second Edition, Water-Based Chemicals and Technology for Drilling, Completion, and Workover Fluids and Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Fluids Technology, Second Edition, all published by Elsevier.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fink, Johannes

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Petroleum Engineer’s Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids;4
3;Copyright;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;22
5.1;How to Use This Book;22
5.2;Acknowledgments;23
6;Chapter 1. Drilling Muds;24
6.1;Classification of Muds;25
6.2;Mud Compositions;30
6.3;Additives;42
6.4;Cleaning Operations;59
6.5;Drilling Fluid Disposal;61
6.6;Characterization of Drilling Muds;63
6.7;References;65
6.8;Tradenames;78
7;Chapter 2. Fluid Loss Additives ;84
7.1;Mechanism of Action of Fluid Loss Agents;84
7.2;Inorganic Additives;87
7.3;Organic Additives;90
7.4;Polysaccharides;93
7.5;Humic Acid Derivates;101
7.6;Synthetic Polymers;105
7.7;References;129
7.8;Tradenames;137
8;Chapter 3. Clay Stabilization;148
8.1;Properties of Clays;148
8.2;Mechanisms Causing Instability;154
8.3;Swelling Inhibitors;156
8.4;Test Methods;165
8.5;References;166
8.6;Tradenames;170
9;Chapter 4. Lubricants;172
9.1;Synthetic Greases;172
9.2;Lubricant Compositions;177
9.3;Special Issues;195
9.4;References;197
9.5;Tradenames;206
10;Chapter 5. Bacterial Control;208
10.1;Mechanisms of Growth;208
10.2;Treatments with Biocides;219
10.3;Biocides;220
10.4;References;232
10.5;Tradenames;239
11;Chapter 6. Corrosion Inhibitors;240
11.1;Classification of Corrosion Inhibitors;241
11.2;Fields of Application;241
11.3;Application Techniques;243
11.4;Characterization;244
11.5;Side Effects;246
11.6;Inhibitor Chemicals;248
11.7;Miscellaneous Inhibitors;262
11.8;References;267
11.9;Tradenames;275
12;Chapter 7. Scale Inhibitors;276
12.1;Classification and Mechanism;276
12.2;Mathematical Models;279
12.3;Inhibitor Chemicals;280
12.4;Characterization;290
12.5;References;291
12.6;Tradenames;297
13;Chapter 8. Gelling Agents;298
13.1;Placing Gels;298
13.2;Basic Mechanisms of Gelling Agents;299
13.3;Gelling in Oil-based Systems;300
13.4;Gelling in Water-based Systems;305
13.5;In Situ Formed Polymers;311
13.6;References;313
13.7;Tradenames;316
14;Chapter 9. Filter Cake Removal;318
14.1;Bridging Agents;319
14.2;Degradation by Acids;321
14.3;Orthoesters;324
14.4;Enzymatic Degradation;325
14.5;Peroxides;326
14.6;Degradation by Oligosaccharides;327
14.7;Breaking by Emulsions;327
14.8;Special Issues;328
14.9;References;330
15;Chapter 10. Cement Additives;334
15.1;Cementing Technologies;335
15.2;Basic Composition of Portland Cement;336
15.3;Special Cement Types;340
15.4;Classification of Cement Additives;346
15.5;References;368
15.6;Tradenames;381
16;Chapter 11. Transport;384
16.1;Pretreatment of the Products;384
16.2;Corrosion Control;388
16.3;Paraffin Inhibitors;391
16.4;Pour Point Depressants;392
16.5;Drag Reducers;392
16.6;Hydrate Control;394
16.7;Additives for Slurry Transport;394
16.8;Additives for Odorization;396
16.9;Cleaning;396
16.10;References;397
17;Chapter 12. Drag Reducers;402
17.1;Operating Costs;402
17.2;Mechanism of Drag Reduction;403
17.3;Drag-reducing Chemicals;407
17.4;References;410
18;Chapter 13. Gas Hydrate Control;414
18.1;Naturally Occurring Gas Hydrates;415
18.2;Problems with Gas Hydrates in Petroleum Technology;416
18.3;Nature of Inclusion Compounds;417
18.4;Conditions for Formation;420
18.5;Formation and Properties of Gas Hydrates;422
18.6;Test Procedures for Inhibitors;424
18.7;Inhibition of Gas Hydrate Formation;426
18.8;Hydrate Inhibitors for Drilling Fluids;442
18.9;References;443
18.10;Tradenames;449
19;Chapter 14. Antifreeze Agents;450
19.1;Theory of Action;450
19.2;Antifreeze Chemicals;451
19.3;Heat Transfer Liquids;452
19.4;Special Uses;457
19.5;References;458
20;Chapter 15. Odorization;460
20.1;General Aspects;461
20.2;Measurement and Odor Monitoring;462
20.3;Additives for Odorization;469
20.4;Industrial Synthesis of Odorants;473
20.5;Uses and Properties;474
20.6;References;477
20.7;Tradenames;481
21;Chapter 16. Enhanced Oil Recovery;482
21.1;Waterflooding;483
21.2;Caustic Waterflooding;493
21.3;Acid Flooding;494
21.4;Emulsion Flooding;495
21.5;Chemical Injection;497
21.6;Polymer Waterflooding;499
21.7;Combination Flooding;500
21.8;Foam Flooding;502
21.9;Carbon Dioxide Flooding;506
21.10;Steamflooding;507
21.11;In Situ Combustion;508
21.12;Special Techniques;508
21.13;Microbial-Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques;510
21.14;Reservoir Properties;521
21.15;Treatment of Produced Water;524
21.16;Soil Remediation;525
21.17;References;525
22;Chapter 17. Fracturing Fluids;542
22.1;Stresses and Fractures;542
22.2;Comparison of Stimulation Techniques;543
22.3;Types of Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids;544
22.4;Water-Based Systems;549
22.5;Oil-Based Systems;576
22.6;Foam-Based Fracturing Fluids;578
22.7;Fracturing in Coal-Beds;581
22.8;Propping Agents;582
22.9;Acid Fracturing;587
22.10;Special Problems;589
22.11;Characterization of Fracturing Fluids;592
22.12;References;594
22.13;Tradenames;606
23;Chapter 18. Water Shutoff;608
23.1;Classification of Methods;608
23.2;In Situ Polymerization;609
23.3;Acrylic Gels;610
23.4;Special Applications;613
23.5;Thermally Stable Gels;614
23.6;Disproportionate Permeability Reduction;614
23.7;Silicate-based Agents;615
23.8;Resin Types;618
23.9;Cement with Additives;620
23.10;Organosilicones;629
23.11;Non-Crosslinked Copolymers;630
23.12;Inorganic Colloids;630
23.13;Water Swelling Additives;631
23.14;Wastes;632
23.15;Surfactants;634
23.16;Tailoring the Hydrodynamic Volume;636
23.17;References;638
23.18;Tradenames;646
24;Chapter 19. Oil Spill Treating Agents ;648
24.1;History;648
24.2;References;664
25;Chapter 20. Waste Disposal;670
25.1;Drilling Fluids;670
25.2;Cuttings;672
25.3;Injection Techniques;678
25.4;References;683
25.5;Tradenames;685
26;Chapter 21. Dispersions, Emulsions, and Foams;686
26.1;Dispersions;687
26.2;Emulsions;693
26.3;Foams;706
26.4;References;711
26.5;Tradenames;716
27;Chapter 22. Defoamers;718
27.1;Theory of Defoaming;718
27.2;Classification of Defoamers;721
27.3;Uses in Petroleum Technology;722
27.4;References;726
28;Chapter 23. Demulsifiers;728
28.1;Emulsions in Produced Crude Oil;728
28.2;Waterflooding;729
28.3;Oil Spill Treatment;729
28.4;Desired Properties;729
28.5;Mechanisms of Demulsification;729
28.6;Performance Testing;730
28.7;Classification of Demulsifiers;731
28.8;Demulsifiers in Detail;733
28.9;References;743
29;Appendix 1: List of Tradenames;750
30;Appendix 2: List of Acronyms;758
31;Index;762
31.1;Chemical Index;762
31.2;Subject Index;790