Fernández-Prieto / Sabia Remote Sensing Advances for Earth System Science

The ESA Changing Earth Science Network: Projects 2011-2013
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-319-16952-1
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 152 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Earth System Sciences

This book presents cutting-edge remote sensing research, outlining the advanced use of European Space Agency (ESA) satellite data in the context of climate change. The ESA, through its Support to Science Element (STSE) Programme, funds a network of young post-doc scientists pursuing 2-year cutting-edge research projects in the field of remote sensing. This 'Changing Earth Science Network' focuses on the exploitation of Earth Observation (EO) data to address major issues concerning the broader context of climate change in five scientific research domains: the oceans, atmosphere, cryosphere, land and solid earth.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fernández-Prieto, Diego

Sabia, Roberto

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
1.1;The Changing Earth Science Network Projects 2011--2013;6
1.2;ESA EO Science Strategy and the Support to Science Element (STSE);6
1.3;The Changing Earth Science Network;9
2;Acknowledgments;11
3;Contents;12
4;1 CHIMTEA---Chemical Impact of Thunderstorms on Earth's Atmosphere;13
4.1;Abstract;13
4.2;1 Introduction;14
4.2.1;1.1 Lightning in the Upper Atmosphere;14
4.2.2;1.2 Chemistry of Thunderstorms and Transient Luminous Events;15
4.3;2 Instruments and Data;15
4.4;3 TLE-Producing Thunderstorms;16
4.5;4 Measuring TLE- and Lightning-NOx from Space;19
4.5.1;4.1 Thunderstorm Signatures in MIPAS2D NO2;20
4.6;5 Climate-Chemistry Sensitivity to TLE-NOx;22
4.7;6 Conclusions and Future Lines;24
4.8;Acknowledgements;25
4.9;References;25
5;2 TIBAGS: Tropospheric Iodine Monoxide and Its Coupling to Biospheric and Atmospheric Variables---a Global Satellite Study;27
5.1;Abstract;27
5.2;1 Background Information;27
5.3;2 The Satellite Sensor;29
5.4;3 Data Analysis;29
5.5;4 Considerations on the Air Mass Factor;30
5.6;5 Detection Limit and Averaging;31
5.7;6 Observations Above Antarctica;32
5.7.1;6.1 Spatial and Temporal Variations of IO Vertical Columns;32
5.7.2;6.2 Comparison of IO and BrO Distributions;34
5.7.3;6.3 Relation of the Halogen Oxides to Sea Ice Cover;37
5.8;7 Relations Between IO and Biospheric Parameters;38
5.8.1;7.1 Comparison Between IO and Chlorophyll-a Above Antarctica;39
5.8.2;7.2 Comparison Between IO and Chlorophyll-a Above Ocean Areas;40
5.8.3;7.3 Comparison Between IO, Chlorophyll-a and Diatoms for Southeast Asia;42
5.9;8 Summary;43
5.10;Acknowledgments;44
5.11;References;44
6;3 GreenSAR---Greenland and Antarctic Grounding Lines from SAR Data;47
6.1;Abstract;47
6.2;1 Introduction;47
6.3;2 Retreat of the Grounding Line of the Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctic Ice Sheet;48
6.3.1;2.1 Introduction;48
6.3.2;2.2 Methods;49
6.3.3;2.3 Results;52
6.3.4;2.4 Discussion;54
6.4;3 Grounding Line Retreat of Petermann Gletscher, Greenland Ice Sheet;56
6.5;4 Conclusions;58
6.6;Acknowledgments;59
6.7;References;59
7;4 Sea Surface Roughness Manifestations Around Ocean Fronts;62
7.1;Abstract;62
7.2;1 Introduction;62
7.3;2 Wave--Current Interactions and Surface Roughness;64
7.3.1;2.1 Surface Waves in Currents;64
7.3.2;2.2 Relaxation Time;65
7.3.3;2.3 Changes of Mean Square Slope;66
7.4;3 Current Refraction;66
7.4.1;3.1 Canonical Current Gradients;66
7.4.2;3.2 Centered Current Gradients;67
7.5;4 First Approximation: Without Propagation;68
7.5.1;4.1 Wind Wave Spectral Symmetry;68
7.5.2;4.2 Divergence, Strain, and Polarization Index;68
7.6;5 One-Dimensional Cases;69
7.6.1;5.1 Case 1: Acrossfront Current `divergence';69
7.6.2;5.2 Case 2: Alongfront Current `shear';71
7.6.2.1;5.2.1 Without Propagation;72
7.6.2.2;5.2.2 With Propagation;73
7.7;6 Generation of Short Waves by Wave Breaking;74
7.8;7 Observations;75
7.9;8 Discussion;78
7.9.1;8.1 Waves with Dominant Action Contrast;78
7.9.1.1;8.1.1 Response to Oscillatory Currents;78
7.9.1.2;8.1.2 Response to Isolated Current Front;79
7.9.2;8.2 Waves with Dominant mss Contrast;80
7.9.3;8.3 Relaxation and Current Gradient Length Scale;81
7.9.4;8.4 Numerical Illustration;81
7.10;9 Conclusion;82
7.11;Acknowledgments;83
7.12;References;83
8;5 The Impact of Near-Surface Salinity Structure on SMOS Retrievals;85
8.1;Abstract;85
8.2;1 Introduction;85
8.3;2 A Review of Upper Ocean Mixing Processes;86
8.3.1;2.1 Surface Waves;86
8.3.2;2.2 Internal Waves;87
8.3.3;2.3 Convective Mixing;88
8.4;3 Methodology;89
8.4.1;3.1 ASIP;89
8.4.2;3.2 SPURS Cruises;90
8.4.3;3.3 SMOS Data;91
8.5;4 Results and Discussion;91
8.5.1;4.1 ASIP Dataset from the Strasse Cruise;91
8.5.2;4.2 Comparison Between ASIP and SMOS Data;95
8.6;5 Summary and Future Work;97
8.7;Acknowledgements;98
8.8;References;98
9;6 SMASPARES--SMOS Data Assimilation for Parameter Estimation in Radiative Transfer Models;99
9.1;Abstract;99
9.2;1 Introduction;99
9.3;2 The Rur and Erft Catchments;100
9.4;3 SMOS L2 Accuracy in the Rur and Erft Catchments;101
9.5;4 Radiative Transfer Parameter Estimation in a 1D System;103
9.5.1;4.1 Experimental Design;104
9.5.2;4.2 Results of the 1D Experiment;105
9.6;5 Radiative Transfer Parameter Estimation in a 2D System;106
9.6.1;5.1 Model Set up and Numerical Experiment;107
9.6.2;5.2 Results of the 2D Experiment;110
9.7;6 Conclusion and Outlook;112
9.8;Acknowledgments;113
9.9;References;113
10;7 PROgRESSIon---Investigating the Prototyping of Operational Estimation of Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture Content Using a Variant of the ``Triangle'' Inversion Methodology;116
10.1;Abstract;116
10.2;1 Introduction;117
10.3;2 Datasets and Study Sites;119
10.3.1;2.1 AATSR Satellite Data;119
10.3.2;2.2 Land Surface Process Model;120
10.3.3;2.3 Ancillary In-Situ Data;121
10.4;3 ``Triangle'' Implementation Using AATSR Products;121
10.5;4 Validation Approach;124
10.6;5 Results and Discussion;124
10.7;6 Conclusions;130
10.8;Acknowledgments;131
10.9;References;131
11;8 Crustal Modelling and Moho Estimation with GOCE Gravity Data;135
11.1;Abstract;135
11.2;1 Introduction;135
11.3;2 Inverse Gravimetric Problem;138
11.4;3 Local Solution;139
11.4.1;3.1 Local Inversion Algorithm;139
11.4.2;3.2 Numerical Results;143
11.5;4 Global Solution;144
11.5.1;4.1 Global Inversion Algorithm;145
11.5.2;4.2 Numerical Results;146
11.6;5 Conclusions;149
11.7;References;150