Fan Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidization Engineering

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8951-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 784 Seiten, Web PDF

This book provides a comprehensive mechanistic interpretation of the transport phenomena involved in various basic modes of gas-liquid-solid fluidization. These modes include, for example, those for three-phase fluidized beds, slurry columns, turbulent contact absorbers, and three-phase fluidized beds, slurry columns, turbulent contact absorbers, and three-phase transport. It summarizes the empirical correlations useful for predicting transport properties for each mode of of operation.Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidization Engineering provides a comprehensive account of the state-of-the-art applications of the three-phase fluidization systems that are important in both small-and large-scale operations. These applications include fermentation,biological wastewater treatment, flue gas desulfurization and particulates removal, and resid hydrotreating. This book highlights the industrial implications of these applications. In addition, it discusses information gaps and future directions forresearch in this field.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Fan, Liang-Shih

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Gas-Liquid-Solid Fluidization Engineering;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Dedication;6
5;Table of Contents;8
6;Preface;18
7;Special Acknowledgments;21
8;Part I: Introduction;22
8.1;Chapter 1. Classification and Significance;24
8.1.1;1.1 Classification;24
8.1.2;1.2 Operating Modes for Fluidization Systems;27
8.1.3;1.3 Fixed Bed Systems Versus Fluidization Systems;30
8.1.4;1.4 Applications of Fluidization Systems;32
8.1.5;1.5 Scope of Parts II and III;42
8.1.6;1.6 Concluding Remarks;43
8.1.7;1.7 Nomenclature;43
8.1.8;1.8 References;43
9;Part II: Fundamentals;52
9.1;Chapter 2. Hydrodynamics of Cocurrent Upward Fluidized Bed Systems (Modes E-I-a-1 and E-I-b; Figure 1.3);54
9.1.1;2.1 General Bed Behavior in Mode E-I-a-1;54
9.1.2;2.2 Mechanics of Bubbles and Bubble Wakes in Mode E-I-a-1;96
9.1.3;2.3 Flow Models for Mode E-I-a-1;137
9.1.4;2.4 Hydrodynamic Behavior of Mode E-I-b;164
9.1.5;2.5 Concluding Remarks;165
9.1.6;2.6 Nomenclature;166
9.1.7;2.7 References;174
9.2;Chapter 3. Mass Transfer, Mixing and Heat Transfer of Cocurrent Upward Fluidized Bed Systems (Mode E-I-a-1; Figure 1.3);184
9.2.1;3.1 Mass Transfer;184
9.2.2;3.2 Phase Mixing;209
9.2.3;3.3 Heat Transfer;231
9.2.4;3.4 Concluding Remarks;255
9.2.5;3.5 Nomenclature;257
9.2.6;3.6 References;264
9.3;Chapter 4. Slurry Bubble Column Systems (Modes E-I-a-2, E-III-a, and T-I-a-2; Figure 1.3);272
9.3.1;4.1 Flow Regimes;272
9.3.2;4.2 Gas Holdup and Bubble Size Distribution;274
9.3.3;4.3 Critical Gas Velocity for Complete Solids Suspension;284
9.3.4;4.4 Liquid Flow Patterns;287
9.3.5;4.5 Phase Mixing;289
9.3.6;4.6 Flow Models;296
9.3.7;4.7 Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer;311
9.3.8;4.8 Liquid-Solid Mass Transfer;321
9.3.9;4.9 Heat Transfer;326
9.3.10;4.10 Concluding Remarks;333
9.3.11;4.11 Nomenclature;334
9.3.12;4.12 References;340
9.4;Chapter 5. Countercurrent (and Liquid-Batch) Fluidized Bed Systems (Modes E-II-a-1, E-II-a-2, E-II-b, and E-III-b; Figure 1.3);348
9.4.1;5.1 Turbulent Bed Contactor (TBC);349
9.4.2;5.2 Inverse Fluidized Bed;389
9.4.3;5.3 Concluding Remarks;395
9.4.4;5.4 Nomenclature;396
9.4.5;5.5 References;400
9.5;Chapter 6. Miscellaneous Systems;404
9.5.1;6.1 Draft Tube Systems;404
9.5.2;6.2 Semifluidized Bed Systems;436
9.5.3;6.3 Annular Systems;441
9.5.4;6.4 Transport Systems;442
9.5.5;6.5 Concluding Remarks;459
9.5.6;6.6 Nomenclature;460
9.5.7;6.7 References;467
10;Part III: Applications;472
10.1;Chapter 7. Fermentation;474
10.1.1;7.1 Basic Processing Features;475
10.1.2;7.2 Immobilization Methods;477
10.1.3;7.3 Effects of Immobilization;486
10.1.4;7.4 Substrate Diffusivities in Immobilized Cell Systems;493
10.1.5;7.5 Bioreactor Applications;503
10.1.6;7.6 Optimum Design and Operation Considerations;514
10.1.7;7.7 Economics;526
10.1.8;7.8 Concluding Remarks;526
10.1.9;7.9 Nomenclature;527
10.1.10;7.10 References;529
10.2;Chapter 8. Aerobic Biological Wastewater Treatment;536
10.2.1;8.1 Early Work;537
10.2.2;8.2 Process Considerations;538
10.2.3;8.3 Bioreactor Performance;556
10.2.4;8.4 Concluding Remarks;594
10.2.5;8.5 Nomenclature;595
10.2.6;8.6 References;600
10.3;Chapter 9. Flue Gas Desulfurization and Particulate Removal;610
10.3.1;9.1 S02 Scrubbing;611
10.3.2;9.2 Particulate Collection;628
10.3.3;9.3 Concluding Remarks;636
10.3.4;9.4 Nomenclature;637
10.3.5;9.5 References;640
10.4;Chapter 10. Hydrotreating and Conversion of Resids;642
10.4.1;10.1 Processing Alternatives;643
10.4.2;10.2 Feedstock Characteristics;650
10.4.3;10.3 Chemical Reactions;655
10.4.4;10.4 Catalysts;673
10.4.5;10.5 Transport Properties, Design, and Operation of Ebullated Bed Reactors;680
10.4.6;10.6 Concluding Remarks;695
10.4.7;10.7 Nomenclature;696
10.4.8;10.8 References;699
10.5;Chapter 11. Miscellaneous Systems;704
10.5.1;11.1 Electrodes;704
10.5.2;11.2 Granulation and Adiponitrile Production;714
10.5.3;11.3 Calcium Bisulfite Acid Production;717
10.5.4;11.4 Sand Filter Cleaning;719
10.5.5;11.5 Crystallization;719
10.5.6;11.6 Flotation;723
10.5.7;11.7 Polymerization;728
10.5.8;11.8 Coal Gasification and Methanation;734
10.5.9;11.9 Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis;736
10.5.10;11.10 Methanol Synthesis;741
10.5.11;11.11 Concluding Remarks;744
10.5.12;11.12 Nomenclature;745
10.5.13;11.13 References;747
11;Appendices;754
11.1;A. Optimum Particle Size in Catalytic Reactors — An Example of Reactor Analyses for Modes E-I-a-1, E-I-a-2 and T-I-a-2 (Figure 1.3);756
11.1.1;A.l A Brief Review of Reactor Models;756
11.1.2;A.2 A Catalytic Reactor Model;758
11.1.3;A.3 Model Parameters Used in Simulations;764
11.1.4;A.4 Simulation;765
11.1.5;A.5 Concluding Remarks;770
11.1.6;A.6 Nomenclature;771
11.1.7;A.7 References;772
11.2;B. SI Units Used for the Empirical Correlation Equations in This Book;774
12;Subject Index;776