Theology and Society in the Second and Third Centuries of the Hijra. Volume 2

A History of Religious Thought in Early Islam
Erscheinungsjahr 2017
ISBN: 978-90-04-34202-6
Verlag: Brill

Buch, Englisch, Arabisch, Band 116/2, 844 Seiten, Format (B × H): 160 mm x 239 mm, Gewicht: 1338 g

Reihe: Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East / Theology and Society

Theology and Society is the most comprehensive study of Islamic intellectual and religious history, focusing on Muslim theology. With its emphasis on the eighth and ninth centuries CE, it remains the most detailed prosopographical study of the early phase of the formation of Islam. Originally published in German between 1991 and 1995, Theology and Society is a monument of scholarship and a unique scholarly enterprise which has stood the test of time as an unparalleled reference work.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ess, Josef Van

Weitere Mitwirkende

Goldbloom, Gwendolin

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Geschichtswissenschaft Weltgeschichte & Geschichte einzelner Länder und Gebietsräume Geschichte einzelner Länder Naher & Mittlerer Osten
• Geisteswissenschaften Religionswissenschaft Religionswissenschaft Allgemein Religionsgeschichte
• Geisteswissenschaften Islam & Islamische Studien Islam & Islamische Studien

Inhaltsverzeichnis

2.2 Basra
2.2.1 The ‘heretics’
2.2.1.1 Bashshar b. Burd
2.2.1.2 Salih b. 'Abd al-Quddus
2.2.1.3 The Sumaniyya
2.2.1.4 Ibn al-Muqaffa'
2.2.1.4.1 A text against Islam
2.2.1.4.2 The parody of the Quran
2.2.1.5 The environment. ‘Natural philosophers’
2.2.2 Hasan al-Basri and his spiritual successors
2.2.2.1 The Qadariyya
2.2.2.1.1 Qadarite ideas in hadith
2.2.2.1.2 Qadarite traditionists
2.2.2.1.2.1 The generation following Hasan al-Basri
2.2.2.1.2.2 The middle generation
2.2.2.1.2.3 Pupils of Sa'id b. Abi 'Aruba
2.2.2.1.2.4 Other Qadarites in the second half of the second century
2.2.2.1.3 The Uswaris
2.2.2.1.4 Qadarites among the Basran grammarians
2.2.2.2 Qadariyya and asceticism
2.2.2.2.1 Hasan al-Basri’s younger contemporaries
2.2.2.2.2 The following generation
2.2.2.2.2.1 The importance of 'Abbadan
2.2.2.2.3 Theological and juristic special opinions within the circle of Basran ascetics
2.2.2.2.3.1 The Bakriyya
2.2.2.2.4 Asceticism and rationality
2.2.3 The jurists
2.2.3.1 The case of Iyas b. Mu'awiya
2.2.3.2 Early theoretical texts
2.2.3.3 Experts and jurisconsults
2.2.3.4 Kullu mujtahid musib
2.2.4 Murji'ites in Basra. The ‘Ghaylaniyya’
2.2.4.1 Fadl al-Raqashi
2.2.4.2 Abu Shamir and his school
2.2.4.3 ‘Jahmites’
2.2.5 The Ibadiyya
2.2.5.1 The case of 'Abdallah b. Ibad
2.2.5.2 The development of the Basran community
2.2.5.3 The question of qadar
2.2.5.4 The quarrel over the anthropomorphisms
2.2.5.5 Further controversial issues
2.2.5.6 The environment
2.2.5.7 The relation between sin and faith
2.2.5.8 Puritanism and scrupulousness
2.2.6 The early Mu'tazila
2.2.6.1 Wasil b. 'Ata'
2.2.6.1.1 The chronology of his life. His origins and profession
2.2.6.1.2 Wasil the khatib. His appearance before 'Abdallah b. 'Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz
2.2.6.1.3 Wasil’s speech defect
2.2.6.1.4 Wasil’s relations with the 'Alids in Medina
2.2.6.1.5 The image of Wasil’s personality
2.2.6.1.6 Wasil’s relationship with 'Amr b. 'Ubayd and Hasan al-Basri
2.2.6.1.7 The doctrine of the intermediate state
2.2.6.1.7.1 Sin and penitence
2.2.6.1.7.2 Wasil’s relationship with Kharijites and Murji'ites
2.2.6.1.8 Wasil’s political views
2.2.6.1.9 Further points of doctrine
2.2.6.1.9.1 Epistemological issues
2.2.6.2 'Amr b. 'Ubayd
2.2.6.2.1 Biographical data
2.2.6.2.2 Political decisions
2.2.6.2.2.1 The relationship with Mansur
2.2.6.2.3 The image of 'Amr’s personality
2.2.6.2.4 His relationship with Hasan al-Basri
2.2.6.2.4.1 'Amr as an exegete
2.2.6.2.5 'Amr as a legal scholar
2.2.6.2.6 'Amr as a traditionist
2.2.6.2.7 Theology and politics
2.2.6.3 The pupil generation
2.2.6.3.1 The circle around Wasil
2.2.6.3.1.1 The du'at
2.2.6.3.1.2 Wasil’s other pupils
2.2.6.3.2 The circle around 'Amr b. 'Ubayd
2.2.6.3.2.1 Jurists and traditionists
2.2.6.3.2.2 The ‘Mu'tazilites’ of the uprising of AH 145
2.2.6.4 The origin of the name Mu'tazila
2.2.7 The traditionist reaction
2.2.7.1 Opposition against 'Amr b. 'Ubayd
2.2.7.1.1 Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani
2.2.7.1.2 Yunus b. 'Ubayd
2.2.7.1.3 'Abdallah b. 'Awn
2.2.7.1.4 Sulayman al-Taymi
2.2.7.1.5 Abu 'Amr Ibn al-'Ala'
2.2.7.2 The next generation
2.2.8 The Mu'tazila in Basra during the second half of the second century
2.2.8.1 Safwan al-Ansari
2.2.8.1.1 The image of the early Mu'tazila in Safwan’s qasida
2.2.8.2 The principle of amr bil-ma'ruf wal-nahy 'an al-munkar
2.2.8.2.1 The case of Muhammad b. Munadhir
2.2.8.3 The position of the Mu'tazila in Basra after 145
2.2.8.4 The development of theology and law
2.2.8.4.1 Al-Asamm
2.2.8.4.1.1 Asamm’s ‘ontology’
2.2.8.4.1.2 Asamm’s Quranic commentary
2.2.8.4.1.3 The consensus of Muslims
2.2.8.4.1.3.1 Consensus and political theory
2.2.8.4.1.4 Asamm the lawyer
2.2.8.4.2 Ibn 'Ulayya
2.2.8.4.3 Further Basran Mu'tazilites
2.2.9 Basran Shi'ites
2.3 Wasit
2.4 The Jazira
2.4.1 Harran
2.4.1.1 The Sabians
2.4.1.2 Harran and Islamic theology
2.4.2 Diyar Rabi'a
2.4.2.1 The Kharijites
2.4.2.2 Mosul
2.4.2.3 Nisibis
2.4.3 Raqqa
2.4.3.1 Sulayman al-Raqqi
2.4.3.2 Extreme Shi'ites

3. Iran
3.0 General preliminary remarks
3.1 Eastern Iran
3.1.1 Jahm b. Safwan
3.1.1.1 The connection between Jahm and the Jahmiyya
3.1.2 The cities
3.1.2.1 Balkh
3.1.2.1.1 Quranic exegesis
3.1.2.1.1.1 Muqatil b. Hayyan
3.1.2.1.1.2 Muqatil b. Sulayman
3.1.2.1.1.2.1 Muqatil’s theological views
3.1.2.1.2 'Umar b. Subh and the raf' al-yadayn
3.1.2.1.3 Murji'ites and Hanafites
3.1.2.1.4 The beginnings of eastern Iranian mysticism
3.1.2.2 Marv
3.1.2.3 Tirmidh
3.1.2.4 Samarqand
3.1.2.5 Herat
3.1.3 Sistan
3.1.3.1 The Kharijites
3.1.3.1.1 Hamza b. Adharak’s uprising
3.1.3.2 Non-Kharijite groups
3.1.4 The western part of the province of Khorasan
3.1.4.1 Khorasanian Kharijites
3.1.4.1.1 The Bayhasiyya
3.1.4.1.1.1 Yaman b. Ri'ab
3.1.4.1.2 The Ibadiyya
3.1.4.2 Nishapur
3.2 Central and southern Iran
3.2.1 The Kharijites
3.2.1.1 Yazid b. Unaysa and the uprising of Abu 'Isa al-Isfahani
3.2.1.2 Later Kharijites
3.2.2 'Abdallah b. Mu'awiya
3.2.3 The cities
3.2.3.1 Isfahan
3.2.3.2 Qom
3.2.3.3 Hamadan
3.2.3.4 Rayy

4. The Arabian Peninsula
4.1 The Hijaz
4.1.1 Mecca
4.1.1.1 The Qadarites
4.1.1.2 The Kharijites
4.1.1.2.1 The Ibadites
4.1.1.3 The Murji'ites
4.1.1.4 The Shi'ites
4.1.2 Medina
4.1.2.1 The Kharijites
4.1.2.2 The Murji'a
4.1.2.3 The Qadarites
4.1.2.3.1 Al-Nafs al-zakiyya’s uprising
4.1.2.3.2 Later developments. Resistance against the Qadariyya
4.1.2.4 The Jahmiyya
4.2 Southern Arabia
4.2.1 Yemen
4.2.1.1 The Qadarites
4.1.2.1 Other trends
4.2.2 Oman and Hadramawt

5. Egypt
5.0 General preliminary remarks
5.1 Shi'ite tendencies
5.2 Counter-trends. The Ibadiyya
5.3 Implicit theology. Hadith
5.4 Explicit theology. Kalam
5.4.1 Theologians of uncertain affiliation

Über Autor(innen)

Josef van Ess, Emeritus Professor of Islamic Studies and Semitic Languages, University of Tübingen, Germany, has published widely on the history of the Islamic World; Islamic theology and philosophy, especially with respect to the formative period (8th-10th centuries) and the age of the Mongol conquests (13th-14th centuries); and Islamic mysticism. His most famous work is Theologie und Gesellschaft in 6 volumes (de Gruyter 1991-97), the first four volumes of which are now being published in English by Brill.

Gwendolin Goldbloom (1969) has produced English translations of several books and a number of articles in the field of Islamic Studies, most of them originally published in German.