Engels / Dietz Contested Extractivism, Society and the State

Struggles over Mining and Land
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-1-137-58811-1
Verlag: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 281 Seiten

Reihe: Political Science and International Studies (R0)

This book empirically discusses recent struggles over land and mining, exploring state-society relations conflicts on various scales. In contrast with the existing literature, analyses in this volume deliberately focus on large-scale land use changes both in relation to the expansion of industrial mining and to agro-industry. The authors contend that there are significant parallels between contestations over different variants of resource extractivism, as they reflect the same global trends and processes. Chapters draw on critical theoretical approaches from political ecology, political economy, spatial theory, contentious politics, and the study of democracy. The authors not only provide empirical insights on actual resource struggles from different world regions based on in-depth field research, but also contribute to theory-building by linking concepts from various critical approaches to one another, developing a perspective for analysing struggles over resources related to current global crisis phenomena.

Bettina Engels is Junior Professor for Conflict and African Studies at the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. Together with Kristina Dietz, she is head of the junior research group 'Global Change - Local Conflicts?'. Her research focuses on conflict over land and resources, spatial and action theory, and resistance, urban protest, and social movements in Africa. Kristina Dietz is head of the junior research group 'Global Change - Local Conflicts? conflicts over land in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa in the context of interdependent transformation processes' at the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. Her research and teaching focus on political ecology, conflicts over land and resources in Latin America, climate and energy policy, spatial and democracy theory.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Engels, Bettina

Dietz, Kristina

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface and Acknowledgements;6
2;Contents;8
3;Notes on the Contributors;10
4;List of Figures;13
5;List of Tables;14
6;Contested Extractivism, Society and the State: An Introduction;15
6.1;Contentious Politics, Spatial Dimensions and the Political Ecology of Extractivism;19
6.2;The Relationship Between Society and State, State Spaces and Democracy;23
6.3;About the Book;25
6.4;References;29
7;Reimagining Extractivism: Insights from Spatial Theory;34
7.1;Introduction;34
7.2;What Is Extractivism?;37
7.3;Theorising the Spatiality of Extractivism;40
7.4;Pathways Towards Re-spatialising Extractivism;42
7.4.1;The Production of Extractive Spaces;43
7.4.2;Heterotopic Extractivism;46
7.4.3;Local States/Spaces of Exception;49
7.5; Conclusions;51
7.6;References;54
8;Beyond Curse and Blessing: Rentier Society in Venezuela;58
8.1;Introduction;58
8.2;Natural Resources, Rents and Development: An Overview of Scholarly Debates;59
8.3;Shortcomings of the Current Rentier and Resource Curse Debate;63
8.4;Beyond Curse and Blessing: Analytical Starting Points for a Deeper Understanding of Rentier Societies;65
8.5;A Crucial Case Study: Venezuela’s Rentier Society;67
8.6;The Distribution of Rent Income in Venezuela;68
8.7;Reclaiming the Rent: Oil and Venezuelan Society;71
8.8; Conclusions;75
8.9;References;77
9;Ghana – Big Man, Big Envelope, Finish: Chinese Corporate Exploitation in Small-Scale Mining;82
9.1;Introduction;82
9.2;Context: Gold Mining in Ghana;85
9.3;Shaanxi Mining (Ghana) Limited and Resource Conflict;87
9.3.1;‘Police Arrests (sic.) Assembly Member and 11 Others for Rioting’;87
9.3.2;Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Upper East and the Arrival of SMGHL;88
9.3.3;Resistance and Conflict;91
9.3.4;State Response;94
9.4;Outcomes of Resource Conflict;97
9.4.1;Corporate Theft?;97
9.4.2;State Collusion;98
9.4.3;Opposition Failure;99
9.4.4;Local Community Fractured;100
9.5;Explaining Outcomes: Corruption, Informality and Neoliberalisation;101
9.5.1;Corruption;101
9.5.2;Informality;102
9.5.3;Neoliberal Resource Governance;103
9.5.4;State Reconstruction;105
9.5.5;Marketisation of Social Relations;106
9.6; Conclusion;107
9.7;References;110
10;Small-Scale Gold Mining and the State in the Philippines;113
10.1;Introduction;113
10.2;The Informal (Mining) Economy: A Sign of State Weakness?;115
10.3;Joint Extraction Regimes in Compostela Valley’s Underground Economy;117
10.3.1;Stability and Friction on the Upland Frontier;118
10.3.2;The Advancing Small-Scale Mining Frontier;119
10.3.3;The Emergence of a Barangay-Centred Regulatory Order;120
10.3.4;From Brokerage to Informal Formalisation;122
10.3.5;Coercion, Legitimacy, and Reciprocity in Joint Extraction Regimes;124
10.4;Mineral Resource Governance and Conflicting Processes of State Formation;127
10.4.1;Joint Extraction Regimes as a Product of Decentralised State-Building;127
10.4.2;The Expansion of Large-Scale Mining and the Destabilisation of the Mineral Frontier;128
10.4.3;Diwalwal, Monkayo Municipality;130
10.4.4;Pantukan;131
10.5; Conclusion;132
10.6;References;133
11;Politics of Scale and Struggles over Mining in Colombia;138
11.1;Introduction;138
11.2;Mining and the Politics of Scale;140
11.3;Participatory Citizenship and Spaces for Participation;142
11.4;Mining and Scalar (Re)configurations in Colombia;144
11.4.1;Mining Regulations and State Rescaling;145
11.4.2;Decentralisation, Democratisation and Recentralisation;147
11.5;Struggles over Mining, Scale and Participatory Citizenship: The Case of La Colosa;148
11.5.1;Multi-scalar Strategies and Alliances;149
11.5.2;Claiming Rights, Shaping and Linking Spaces Across Scales;151
11.5.3;Contesting Scalar Orders, Exerting Participatory Citizenship;153
11.6; Conclusion;154
11.7;References;156
12;Not All Glitter Is Gold: Mining Conflicts in Burkina Faso;160
12.1;Introduction;160
12.2;Repertoires of Contention and Political Opportunity Structures;162
12.3;Place and Scale;163
12.4;Methodology;164
12.5;Gold Mining in Burkina Faso;166
12.5.1;Industrial and Artisanal Mining;167
12.6;Societal Reactions and Collective Activities;169
12.6.1;Spontaneous Confrontations at the Scale of the Mines;169
12.6.2;Social Movement Organisations at the National Scale;171
12.6.3;Repertoires of Contention;173
12.7;Window of Opportunity: The Fall of Blaise Compaoré;174
12.8; Conclusion;176
12.9;References;177
13;Peasant Movements in Argentina and Brazil;181
13.1;Introduction;181
13.2;Contentious Politics: Opportunities and Threats;184
13.3;The Political Economy of the ‘Pink Wave’: Commodity Exports for Poverty Reduction;185
13.4;Peasant Movements in Argentina: Fighting Two Fronts;187
13.4.1;The Defensive Front: Violence and Criminalisation;187
13.4.2;The Offensive Front;190
13.5;Peasant Movements and a ‘Government of Compromise’ in Brazil;193
13.5.1;Criminalisation and Violence;194
13.5.2;Political Opportunities for Whom?;195
13.5.3;Social Conformism;198
13.6; Conclusion;200
13.7;References;202
14;Oil Palm Expansion and Peasant Environmental Justice Struggles in Colombia;206
14.1;Introduction;206
14.2;Conceptual Framework;207
14.3;Materials and Methods;210
14.4;Expansion of Oil Palm Cultivation and Three Cases of Land Access Struggles in Colombia;212
14.5;Land, Territory and Environmental Justice;220
14.6;Conclusions;224
14.7;References;224
15;Contested Market-Driven Land Reform in Malawi;228
15.1;Introduction;228
15.2;The Experience of the Community Based Rural Land Development Project;230
15.3;Returnees of the CBRLDP: Drivers and Implications;234
15.4;‘Going Back Home’: Social Exclusion and New Land Conflicts;239
15.5;Contemporary Market-Driven Land Reforms;244
15.6; Conclusion;247
15.7;References;248
16;Contesting Extractivism: Conceptual, Theoretical and Normative Reflections;252
16.1;Introduction;252
16.2;Contestation over Extractivism: Conceptual Reflections;253
16.3;Contesting Extractivism and Democracy: Theoretical Reflections;257
16.4;The Critique of Extractivism and Its Critical Study: Normative Reflections;260
16.5;References;262
17;Index;265