More Than 250 Activities to Inspire and Challenge Players
E-Book, Englisch, 564 Seiten
ISBN: 978-1-78255-566-7
Verlag: Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK) Ltd.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark
Rob Ellis is a UEFA B Licensed soccer coach, and he currently works for Chelsea FC Foundation. He has been coaching junior and adult players for more than 20 years and has worked for professional and semi-professional clubs in the UK. Rob is also a qualified PE teacher and has taught in secondary schools for 12 years. He has a 1st class honors degree in Sport Sciences and studied, played, and coached alongside elite-level soccer players. He currently lives in London.
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TECHNICAL GUIDANCE
Warm-Up Activities
Warm-up activities are an important part of every coaching session. There are hundreds of different games and activities that can be used to get your players warmed up and ready for the rest of the session. There are a many reasons why players need to perform a warm-up: •To reduce the risk of muscular injuries, pulls, strains and tears. •To increase blood flow to working muscles, making them more able to meet the physical demands of running, jumping and kicking. •To gradually increase heart rate. This reduces the physical shock of going from a resting heart rate to a high working heart rate, which can be dangerous, particularly in cold conditions. •To allow players to psychologically prepare to play. Warm-up activities help players to focus their minds and increase levels of mental and physical arousal. During a warm-up activity, it is important that the players increase their heart rate, stretch muscles and mobilise joints. The warm-up activities in this book will help to increase players’ heart rates; however, they do not prescribe specific stretches or joint mobilisation exercises. Coaches should learn about basic muscle stretching and joint mobilising as part of the preparation for each session. During the warm-up, players should start at a low intensity, gradually rising to a high intensity towards the end of the activity. Muscle stretching and joint mobilisation should be introduced after heart rate and body temperature have increased. Physical/Movement Development
Through the development and increasing use of sports science, soccer players are increasingly required to be fitter and physically more developed. It is important that players at all levels try to develop all aspects of physical fitness and development in order to meet the physical and competitive demands of the sport. At every level of soccer, a high level of physical and movement development is beneficial to the player. When players and teams of similar technical ability compete against each other, the players/teams that have reached a higher level of fitness often prevail and so it is particularly important that coaches try to develop specific areas of physical fitness with their players. Soccer players need to develop key aspects of physical fitness; aerobic endurance, speed, agility, balance, muscular strength and muscular endurance. Good all-round physical and movement development means that players are well equipped to perform basic soccer movements, e.g., running, jumping, kicking, tackling and contesting the ball against an opponent. The physical/movement development activities in this book involve high intensity running/sprints. Some of the activities focus more on agility and coordination. In both cases, I have tried to use a soccer ball as much as possible to keep the activities soccer-specific and technically challenging. The key thing to remember with these activities is that the players must work hard and push themselves physically in order to maximise physical and movement development. To improve physical conditioning, the coach must focus on soccer-specific areas of fitness as well as general physical and movement development. The activities in this section work on the key components of soccer specific fitness. Below is a guide to what these components mean in practical terms. Speed: Essentially, speed is about the player moving from point A to point B as quickly as possible – whether in or out of possession. Speed usually refers to movement in a straight line, but also involves changes of direction when necessary. Speed is developed by high-intensity running over short distances. Quickness: Being able to move feet and legs at high speed when running or moving at high speed on the spot. An example of quickness on the spot is when a striker quickly moves the ball out from under their feet and quickly fires a shot at goal. This example involves the striker having to quickly move specific body parts without moving from where they are standing. Quickness also refers to speed of thought. A quick and alert mind helps to produce quick actions. Quickness can be developed by performing movements and techniques that make players move their feet as fast as they can. Agility: The ability to move quickly in different directions for example, side-to-side and up-and-down. A goalkeeper diving to save a deflected shot or an acrobatic goal line clearance are examples of soccer-specific agility and can be improved by making players practice jumping, skipping, hurdling and movement in different directions. Reaction time: The ability to react as quickly as possible to a stimulus. In soccer, the stimulus could be the ball, teammates or opposition players. Reaction time can involve moving the whole body or specific body parts quickly in response to the stimulus. Reaction time can be developed by coaching players to react quickly to verbal and visual cues, including the movement of the ball and other players. Strength: Strength means exerting a physical force against another object. Physical strength is important in soccer, as it is a contact sport that requires the application of force against opponents, e.g., when tackling or shielding the ball. Strength is also required to kick the ball with power to make it travel at high speed and over long distances. The development of physical strength can help players to win physical contests, which can be the difference between retaining or losing possession of the ball. Activities that involve safe and sensible physical contact against opponents will help players to develop physical strength and develop confidence in contact situations. Coordination: Moving multiple body parts effectively and gracefully at the same time. Soccer players move all limbs during play to perform a wide array of techniques, which makes coordination a vital physical attribute. Good coordination allows players to efficiently prepare and get into good positions to perform techniques, which increases the likelihood of successfully performing the technique. Good coordination allows players to learn techniques quickly and effectively. Activities that allow players to perform multiple movements at the same time (e.g., hurdling and jumping) can help improve coordination. Endurance: The ability to withstand fatigue and maintain physical work for prolonged periods of time. Soccer is a sport that places a high level of stress on cardiovascular endurance, as players must cover a lot of ground with little rest. Players that develop high levels of endurance will find it easier to cope with the demands of soccer and maintain good performance levels even when tired. Activities that emphasise running for an extended period will help players improve their endurance. Ball Manipulation
Ball manipulation is the ability to master and develop control over the soccer ball. Every soccer technique requires the player to manipulate the ball in order to keep the ball under control. Ball manipulation in its simplest form can be conceptualised as keeping the ball under control and moving it successfully into a desired space. Good ball manipulation helps players to create space in possession and provides a foundation to perform the next technique successfully. Ball manipulation involves using different body surfaces (mainly feet) to move the ball, keeping possession and avoiding opponents. Good ball manipulators are incredibly good at working in tight areas and can create enough space and time to make the next move, e.g., a pass, dribble or shot. Good ball manipulation allows the player to remain calm and composed when under pressure. With practice, players can learn to treat the ball as an extension of their body rather than as a foreign object. Ball manipulation can be greatly improved by individual practices, i.e., 1 ball per player. Good examples of ball manipulation activities include dribbling around obstacles in a tight space and performing keep-ups with different body surfaces. These kinds of activities help the player learn how to creatively move the ball and move with the ball. Lionel Messi is perhaps the most obvious contemporary example of a player that manipulates the ball expertly well – using subtle body movements, excellent control over the ball and by finding space in crowded areas. Short Passing
It important to impress upon young players that a firmly struck pass is the quickest way of moving the ball from point A to point B and retaining team possession. Unless a pass is badly hit or played with little power, it will always travel faster than any player can dribble or run with the ball. Short passing is a quick and effective way of building attacks without attempting higher risk techniques, e.g., long passing or running with the ball. Short passing is one of the most frequently used techniques in any training or match situation, so it is vital that players practice it regularly to master the technique. Players should be encouraged to use different foot services, e.g., inside, outside, back-heel and even toes to pass the ball over short distances. Short passing activities create opportunities to coach player movement and show how teammates can make each pass as easy as possible for the player in possession. Coaching short passing should challenge the players to think about when and where to pass. The player in possession needs to develop an understanding of when to pass to the feet and when to pass into space. The activities must challenge the players to use the type of pass...
