Elias Advances in Lipid Research

Skin Lipids
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-1545-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 24, 366 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Advances in Lipid Research

Advances in Lipid Research, Volume 24 provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of skin lipids. This book discusses the importance of epidermal lipids for cutaneous barrier function. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the biochemical, metabolic, and structural aspects of the role of lipids in permeability barrier formation and maintenance. This text then examines the lipid biophysics of the intercellular lipid domains in the stratum corneum, and the regulation of percutaneous absorption by these domains. Other chapters consider the lipid content and metabolism of cultured keratinocytes, which are grown under standard conditions and in various in vitro systems that attempt to produce an epidermal equivalent. This book discusses as well the important field of lipid signaling mechanisms in the epidermis. The final chapter deals with the clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic applications of vitamin D. This book is a valuable resource for chemist, cytochemists, and clinicians.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Elias, Peter M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Skin Lipids;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;PREFACE;10
6;Chapter 1. Structural and Lipid Biochemical Correlates of the Epidermal Permeability
Barrier;12
6.1;I. Introduction and Historical Perspective;12
6.2;II. Stratum Corneum Two-Compartment Model;13
6.3;III. Cellular Basis for Lipid-Protein Sequestration in the Stratum
Corneum of Terrestrial Mammals;16
6.4;IV. Insights from Aves and Marine Mammals (Cetaceans);22
6.5;V. Intercellular Membrane Structures in Mammalian Stratum Corneum;26
6.6;VI. Structural Alterations in Pathological Stratum Corneum;31
6.7;VII. Structural–Lipid
Biochemical Correlates;32
6.8;VIII. Summary;33
6.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;34
6.10;References;34
7;Chapter 2. The Biochemistry and Function of Stratum Corneum Lipids;38
7.1;I. Introduction;38
7.2;II. Historical Overview;40
7.3;III. Biochemistry and Function;42
7.4;IV. Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism;59
7.5;V. Fatty Acid Uptake and Binding;61
7.6;References;62
8;Chapter 3. The Regulation and Role of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis;68
8.1;I. Introduction;68
8.2;II. Methodological Considerations;69
8.3;III. Lipid Synthesis in the Skin;70
8.4;IV. Systemic Regulation of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis;72
8.5;V. Local Regulation
of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis—Role of the Barrier;75
8.6;VI. Importance of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis for Barrier Repair;83
8.7;VII. Signals Initiating Barrier Repair;87
8.8;VIII. Local Regulation of Epidermal Lipid Synthesis—Potential Role of Cell
Proliferation;88
8.9;IX. Summary;89
8.10;References;90
9;Chapter 4. Lipid Metabolism in Cultured Keratinocytes;94
9.1;I. Introduction;94
9.2;II. Changes in LDL Receptor Expression and in Regulation of Cholesterol
Synthesis in Relation to Keratinocyte Differentiation;97
9.3;III. Differentiation-Linked Changes in the Rate of Lipid Synthesis: Effect of Extracellular Lipoproteins;102
9.4;IV. Differentiation-Linked Modulations of Keratinocyte Lipid Composition;106
9.5;V. Changes in the Plasma Membrane Lipid Composition and Fluidity in Relation to Keratinocyte Differentiation;114
9.6;VI. Retinoid-Induced Modulations of Lipid Composition in Cultured Keratinocytes;117
9.7;VII. Conclusion;119
9.8;VIII. Appendix;121
9.9;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;125
9.10;References;126
10;Chapter 5. Lipid Modulators of Epidermal Proliferation and Differentiation;130
10.1;I. Introduction;130
10.2;II. Ether Phospholipids: Platelet-Activating Factor;131
10.3;III. Phospholipase-Initiated Signaling Mechanisms;132
10.4;IV. Sphingolipids as Effector Molecules;136
10.5;V. Miscellaneous Lipid Effectors;144
10.6;VI. Summary;145
10.7;References;146
11;Chapter 6. X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Mammalian Stratum Corneum Lipid Domains;152
11.1;I. Introduction;152
11.2;II. X-Ray Diffraction;153
11.3;III. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance;168
11.4;IV. Conclusions;179
11.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;180
11.6;References;180
12;Chapter 7. Strategies to Enhance Permeability via Stratum Corneum Lipid Pathways;184
12.1;I. Introduction;184
12.2;II. In Vitro Studies;185
12.3;III. In Vivo Studies: Use of Attenuated Total Reflectance
Infrared Spectroscopy to Evaluate the SC;206
12.4;IV. Conclusion;219
12.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;219
12.6;References;219
13;Chapter 8. Lipids in Normal and Pathological Desquamation;222
13.1;I. Introduction;222
13.2;II. Cholesterol and Sterol Metabolites in Desquamation;227
13.3;III. Fatty Acids and Acyl Lipids in Desquamation;245
13.4;IV. Possible Lipid Metabolic Defects in Other Cornification Disorders;256
13.5;V. Conclusion: Lipid and Nonlipid Effectors of Desquamation;261
13.6;References;263
14;Chapter 9. Chemistry and Function of Mammalian Sebaceous Lipids;274
14.1;I. Introduction;274
14.2;II. Anatomy and Distribution;275
14.3;III. Comparative Chemistry of Cutaneous Lipids;276
14.4;IV. Analysis of Sebum;289
14.5;V. Physiology of Sebum Secretion;295
14.6;VI. Biochemistry of Sebum;300
14.7;VII. Function of Sebum;308
14.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;308
14.9;References;309
15;Chapter 10. Integumental Lipids of Plants and Animals: Comparative Function and Biochemistry;314
15.1;I. Introduction;314
15.2;II. General Design of Surface Lipids;315
15.3;III. Composition and Structure of Integumental Lipids;316
15.4;IV. Synthesis and Transport of Integumental Lipids;324
15.5;V. Water Barrier Function: Working Models;328
15.6;References;330
16;Chapter 11. Epidermal Vitamin D Metabolism, Function, and Regulation;332
16.1;I. Introduction;332
16.2;II. Historical Perspective;333
16.3;III. Chemistry of Vitamin D;333
16.4;IV. Role of Vitamin D in Calcium Homeostasis;335
16.5;V. Other Biological Actions of
1,25-(OH)2D3;336
16.6;VI. Mechanism of Action of
1,25-(OH)2D3;337
16.7;VII. Cutaneous Production of Vitamin D;338
16.8;VIII. Production of
1,25-(OH)2D3 and Its Regulation;339
16.9;IX. Production of
1,25-(OH)2D3 by Epidermal Cells in Culture;340
16.10;X. Effects of
1,25-(OH)2D3 on Growth and Differentiation of Keratinocytes;342
16.11;XL Mechanism of Action of

1,25-(OH)2D3 in the Regulation of Epidermal Differentiation;345
16.12;XII. Effect of
1,25-(OH)2D3 on Other Types of Skin Cells;347
16.13;XIII. Concluding Remarks;348
16.14;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;348
16.15;References;348
17;INDEX;354
18;CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES;364