Eger / Oeter / Voigt International Law and the Rule of Law under Extreme Conditions

An Economic Perspective. Contributions to the XIVth Travemünde Symposium on the Economic Analysis of Law (March 27-29, 2014)
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-16-153568-0
Verlag: Mohr Siebeck
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 378 Seiten

The economic analysis of international law is a field of research which is still very new but which for several years has been growing and become extremely promising. For this reason the organizers of the XIVth Travemünde Symposium on the economic analysis of law decided for the second time to bring together economists and jurists from Europe and non-European countries in order to discuss some of those problems of international law which are still unsolved. The articles resulting from this, published in this volume, discuss how natural disasters, civil wars or economic collapses affect international law and how international law deals with these extreme conditions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Eger, Thomas

Oeter, Stefan

Voigt, Stefan

Fachgebiete

• Rechtswissenschaften Recht, Rechtswissenschaft Allgemein Beziehungen des Rechts zu anderen Disziplinen
• Rechtswissenschaften Internationales Recht und Europarecht Internationales Recht Internationales Kriegsrecht, Territorialrecht, Humanitäres Recht
• Wirtschaftswissenschaften Wirtschaftswissenschaften Wirtschaftswissenschaften: Allgemeines

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Preface;4
3;Table of Contents;14
4;Eli M. Salzberger: The Rule of Law Under Extreme Conditions and International Law: Introductory Notes;18
4.1;A. The Rule of Law in International Law, or the Rule of Law in the International Arena;19
4.1.1;I. The rule of law in the context of the state;19
4.1.2;II. The rule of law in the international arena;22
4.2;B. The Rule of Law and Extreme Conditions: National Law and International Law;25
4.2.1;I. The rule of law under extreme conditions and the theory of the state;25
4.2.2;II. The normative (economic) theory of the state - foundations;26
4.2.3;III. The normative (economic) theory of the state – implementation I: representative democracy;28
4.2.4;IV. The normative (economic) theory of the state – implementation II – the structure of government;31
4.2.5;V. The rule of law under extreme conditions in the international arena or in international law;38
4.3;C. Extreme Conditions as Affecting the Rule of Law;40
4.3.1;I. Characterizing extreme conditions: national law and international law;40
4.3.2;II. A possible concept of the rule of law and extreme conditions;44
4.3.3;III. A Law and Economics approach to the rule of law under extreme conditions: A methodological note;46
4.3.4;IV. Models of the rule of law under extreme conditions in the literature;49
4.4;Ex-ante models;49
4.5;During models;53
4.6;Ex-post models;56
4.7;D. Conclusion;59
4.8;References;61
5;Hans-Joachim Heintze: Sovereignty and the “Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters”;66
5.1;A. Framework of the Codification by the International Law Commission (ILC);68
5.2;B. Challenge of the ‘sovereignty’ concept and politicization;70
5.3;C. Right to humanitarian assistance;74
5.4;D. ILC Draft Articles;77
5.4.1;I. The R2P issue;78
5.4.2;II. Definition;79
5.4.3;III. Cooperation;79
5.4.4;IV. Principles of protection;80
5.4.4.1;1. Responsibility of the affected State;81
5.4.4.2;2. Duty to seek assistance;82
5.4.4.3;3. External assistance;83
5.5;E. Conclusion;83
6;Wolfgang Weigel: Comment on Hans-Joachim Heintze;86
6.1;A. Overview;86
6.2;B. A Critical Appraisal;87
6.3;Bibliography;91
7;Bulbul Khaitan: Discussion on Hans-Joachim Heintze;92
8;Peter Lewisch: International Catastrophes – an Obligation to Cooperate?;94
8.1;A. Introduction;94
8.2;B. Analytical part;96
8.2.1;I. Consent, lack of consent and “assumed consent”;96
8.2.2;II. External effects;99
8.2.3;III. Principal-Agent-Relationship;100
8.2.4;IV. Obligation to actively provide assistance?;101
8.3;C. Duty to cooperate under international law?;102
8.3.1;I. Introduction;102
8.3.2;II. Overview of legal instruments;103
8.3.3;III. Current developments: Issues under International Law;103
8.3.3.1;1. Definition of “Disaster”;103
8.3.3.2;2. The tension between sovereignty rights and the obligation to cooperate with regard to outside assistance;104
8.3.3.2.1;a) Duty to accept assistance in case of disaster?;104
8.3.3.2.2;b) Duty to provide requested assistance?;106
8.3.4;IV. The work by the International Law Commission: Draft Articles on the “Protection of persons in the event of disasters”;107
8.3.4.1;1. Goals, scope, and general framework;107
8.3.4.2;2. Basic principles (international cooperation, rights-based approach);110
8.3.4.3;3. Sovereignty rights and tasks versus responsibility to protect;112
8.3.4.3.1;a) Overview;112
8.3.4.3.2;b) The affected state’s protective task and duties vis-à-vis recourse to external assistance;112
8.3.4.3.3;c) External assistance and the affected state’s (required) consent;116
8.3.4.4;4. Ancillary provisions;118
8.3.4.5;5. Current status and outlook;120
8.4;Bibliography;120
9;Matthias Lemke: Comment on Peter Lewisch;122
9.1;A. What we know;123
9.2;B. Issues still to be addressed;125
9.3;C. Concluding remark;128
9.4;Bibliography;128
10;Katharina Pfaff: Discussion on Peter Lewisch;130
11;Hans-Heinrich Trute: How to Deal with Pandemics;132
11.1;A. Pandemics: A global governance problem;132
11.1.1;I. International health law: A long tradition;132
11.1.2;II. What is a pandemic?;134
11.1.3;III. The importance of knowledge, institutions and international cooperation;135
11.1.3.1;1. The importance of knowledge;135
11.1.3.2;2. The institutionalization of a surveillance scheme;137
11.1.3.3;3. Uncertainty as part of the scheme;138
11.1.3.4;4. Inequalities: The gap between developing and developed countries and between rich and poor;139
11.2;B. The legal design of the administrative network: the international dimension;140
11.2.1;1. The constitution of the WHO;142
11.2.2;2. The International Health Regulations (2005): The basic legal frame;142
11.2.3;3. The establishment of a public health network;144
11.2.4;4. National IHR Focal Points;144
11.2.5;5. Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC);145
11.2.6;6. Notification, assessment and information;146
11.2.7;7. Using other sources of knowledge;147
11.2.8;8. Temporary recommendations;148
11.2.9;I. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework (PIP): A new approach;148
11.2.9.1;1. GISRS;150
11.2.9.2;2. The benefit sharing system;151
11.2.9.3;3. Inclusion of third parties;153
11.2.9.4;4. Governance aspects;154
11.2.10;II. Non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical measures;154
11.3;C. The European dimension: surveillance, assistance and advice;159
11.3.1;I. Networks of surveillance, alert and response;160
11.3.2;II. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC);161
11.3.3;III. Adaption of the frame;162
11.4;D. The national system: Germany as an example;163
11.4.1;I. The legislative and administrative design in Germany;163
11.4.1.1;1. The Robert Koch Institute (RKI);164
11.4.1.2;2. The responsibility of the federal states;164
11.4.1.3;3. Coordination by emergency plans;165
11.4.2;II. The architecture according to the IfSG;166
11.4.2.1;1. Emphasis on cooperation;166
11.4.2.2;2. Surveillance and notification;167
11.4.2.3;3. Possible measures to be taken;167
11.4.2.3.1;a) Measures of prevention;167
11.4.2.3.2;b) The importance of vaccination;169
11.4.2.3.3;c) Protective measures;170
11.5;E. Conclusions;171
11.6;Bibliography;172
12;Andreas Nicklisch: Comment on Hans-Heinrich Trute;178
12.1;A. Social Dilemma;178
12.2;B. Stimulating Cooperation;179
12.3;C. Sanctions;179
12.4;D. Conclusions;180
12.5;Bibliography;180
13;Felix Hadwiger / Ines Reith: Discussion on Hans-Heinrich Trute;182
14;Thilo Marauhn: An Analysis of International Law Applicable to the Use of Drones;184
14.1;A. Introduction: Debates and Terminology;185
14.1.1;I. Public Debates and Their Challenges;185
14.1.2;II. Drones – their Terminological Setting in Public International Law;187
14.2;B. Situations;189
14.2.1;I. Situations of Public Emergency – Derogating From Human Rights;189
14.2.2;II. Non-International Armed Conflicts;191
14.2.3;III. International Armed Conflicts;193
14.3;C. Rules;194
14.3.1;I. Drones in International Armed Conflict Situations;194
14.3.2;II. The Use of Drones in Non-International Armed Conflict;197
14.3.3;III. The Use of Drones Outside Armed Conflicts;199
14.4;D. Compliance;200
14.5;E. Conclusion;201
15;Amnon Reichman: Comment on Thilo Marauhn;202
16;Agnes Strauß: Discussion on Thilo Marauhn;208
17;Heike Krieger: Conceptualizing Cyberwar: Changing the Law by Imagining Extreme Conditions?;212
17.1;A. Introduction;212
17.2;B. The Paradigm Change in Security Policy and the Need to “Hype Cyberwar”;214
17.3;C. Impact on the Legal Discourse on the Use of Force;216
17.3.1;I. Increasing Interpretative Insecurities;217
17.3.2;II. Legitimizing the Use of Force;219
17.3.2.1;1. The Problem of Countermeasures;219
17.3.2.2;2. The Problem of Attribution;221
17.4;D. Impact on the Human Rights Discourse;223
17.5;E. The Way Ahead;226
17.6;Bibliography;227
18;Jerg Gutmann: Comment on Heike Krieger;230
18.1;A. Introduction;230
18.2;B. Is Cyberwar Different?;231
18.3;C. The Economic Point of View;232
18.4;D. Conclusion;233
18.5;Bibliography;233
19;Mariia Parubets / Junjie Zheng: Discussion on Heike Krieger;236
20;Tim Krieger / Daniel Meierrieks: How to Deal with International Terrorism;240
20.1;A. The Terrorist Challenge to the Rule of Law and to International Law;240
20.2;B. Defining and Modeling International Terrorism: The Rational-Choice Approach;242
20.3;C. Implications of the Rational-Choice Model for Counter-Terrorism Policies;249
20.4;D. International Policy Coordination;253
20.5;E. Learning from 9/11: An Evaluation of Cost-Raising Counter-Terrorism Policies;255
20.6;F. Improving the Environment in Terrorism-Exporting Countries;261
20.7;G. Conclusions;262
20.8;Bibliography;263
21;Stefan Oeter: Comment on Tim Krieger and Daniel Meierrieks;266
21.1;A. General Frame;266
21.2;B. Definition of Terrorism and the Challenge of Modeling the ‘Rationality’ of Terrorist Actors;268
21.3;C. Modes of Reaction;271
21.4;D. Criminal Justice and International Cooperation in Police and Justice Matters as the Primary Level of Response;273
21.5;E. The Temptation of Revenge: Military Reactions to Transnational Terrorism and the Risks of the ‘War on Terror’;275
21.6;F. Conclusions;278
21.7;Bibliography;280
22;Marek Endrich: Discussion on Tim Krieger and Daniel Meierrieks;282
23;Martina Caroni: Legitimate, but Illegal? From Humanitarian Intervention to Responsibility to Protect and Beyond;284
23.1;A. Introduction;284
23.2;B. The Era of Classical International Law;285
23.3;C. Transition to Modern International Law;285
23.4;D. Humanitarian Intervention;285
23.5;E. Development of Responsibility to Protect;287
23.6;F. Further Development and Current Status of Responsibility to Protect;291
23.7;G. All’s Well that Ends Well?;295
23.7.1;I. SC Resolution 1973 did not break new ground;295
23.7.2;II. Third Pillar of R2P not acknowledged in SC Resolution 1973;295
23.7.3;III. Abuse of Power by the Allied Forces in Libya?;296
23.7.4;IV. Veto power vs. R2P’s Third Pillar: The Case of Syria;296
23.8;H. Conclusion: How to Make the Third Pillar Operational?;296
23.9;Bibliography;297
24;Gad Barzilai: Comment on Martina Caroni;300
25;Bulbul Khaitan: Discussion on Martina Caroni;306
26;Roland Vaubel: The Breakdown of the Rule of Law in the Euro-Crisis: Implications for the Reform of the Court of Justice of the European Union;308
26.1;A. Introduction;308
26.2;B. The breakdown of the rule of law in the wake of the European sovereign debt crisis;308
26.2.1;I. The bailout;308
26.2.2;II. Conditionality;310
26.2.3;III. Macroeconomic policy co-ordination;311
26.2.4;IV. The purchase of government bonds by the European Central Bank;312
26.2.5;V. The supervision of Euro area banks by the ECB;315
26.2.6;VI. Transparency at the ECB;316
26.2.7;VII. Explaining the breakdown of the rule of law;316
26.3;C. Reforming the Court of Justice of the European Union;317
26.3.1;I. The status quo;317
26.3.2;II. Explaining the Court’s centralizing bias;318
26.3.3;III. Reforming the CJEU;320
26.4;Bibliography;322
27;Martin Nettesheim: Comment on Roland Vaubel;326
27.1;I.;327
27.2;II.;328
27.3;III.;329
28;Michael Fehling: Comment on Roland Vaubel;332
28.1;A. Introduction;332
28.2;B. Rule of law and law interpretation on European level;332
28.2.1;I. The rule of law as a cornerstone of the European legal architecture;333
28.2.2;II. A more complex view on law interpretation;333
28.2.3;III. Changing law interpretation in the light of a severe (economic) crisis?;335
28.3;C. Reform of the European Court of Justice;336
28.3.1;I. The problem of centralization bias in historic perspective;336
28.3.2;II. Convincing and less convincing reform proposals;337
28.4;D. Concluding remarks;339
28.5;Bibliography;340
29;Kevin Dünisch: Discussion on Roland Vaubel;342
30;August Reinisch: Rules for an Orderly Insolvency of States?;344
30.1;A. Introduction;344
30.2;B. Ignoring the Problem;345
30.3;C. Triggering Enforcement Action;345
30.4;D. Seeking Negotiated Solutions;350
30.5;E. New Rules for an Orderly Insolvency of Sovereign States;353
30.5.1;I. The Preferred Treaty Solution;356
30.5.1.1;1. Protection of the fulfilment of core governmental tasks of the sovereigndebtor;356
30.5.1.2;2. Reduction of the total outstanding debt burden;357
30.5.1.3;3. Equal treatment of creditors;357
30.5.2;II. The Binding Effect of the Treaty Solution;358
30.6;F. Conclusions;362
31;Hans-Bernd Schäfer: Comment on August Reinisch;364
31.1;A. Can collective action clauses substitute for a sovereign insolvency procedure under public international law?;365
31.2;B. The emergence of a bankruptcy procedure in the Euro-zone;366
32;Felix Hadwiger / Ines Reith: Discussion on August Reinisch;368
33;Short Biographies;372
34;Index;378

Über Autor(innen)

Eger, Thomas
is a professor of Law and Economics at the University of Hamburg, Faculty of Law, Vice-Dean for Research and International Affairs and director of the Institute of Law and Economics.

Oeter, Stefan
is a professor of Public Law and International Law and director of the Institute for International Affairs at the University of Hamburg as well as chairman of the Historical Commission of International Society for Military Law and the Laws of War and member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, Den Haag.

Voigt, Stefan
is a professor at the University of Hamburg and director of the Institute for Law and Economics at the University of Hamburg, fellow of the CESifo in Munich and connected to the International Centre for Economic Research (ICER) in Turin.