Ebert / Dumke / Bundschuh Best Practices in Software Measurement

How to use metrics to improve project and process performance
1. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-3-540-26734-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 296 Seiten

Reihe: Computer Science (R0)

Not everything that counts can be counted. Not everything that is counted counts. Albert Einstein This is a book about software measurement from the practitioner’s point of view and it is a book for practitioners. Software measurement needs a lot of practical guidance to build upon experiences and to avoid repeating errors. This book t- gets exactly this need, namely to share experiences in a constructive way that can be followed. It tries to summarize experiences and knowledge about software measurement so that it is applicable and repeatable. It extracts experiences and lessons learned from the narrow context of the specific industrial situation, thus facilitating transfer to other contexts. Software measurement is not at a standstill. With the speed software engine- ing is evolving, software measurement has to keep pace. While the underlying theory and basic principles remain invariant in the true sense (after all, they are not specific to software engineering), the application of measurement to specific contexts and situations is continuously extended. The book thus serves as a ref- ence on these invariant principles as well as a practical guidance on how to make software measurement a success.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ebert, Christof

Dumke, Reiner

Bundschuh, Manfred

Schmietendorf, Andreas

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;7
2;1 Introduction;12
3;2 Making Metrics a Success – The Business Perspective;20
3.1;2.1 The Business Need for Measurement;20
3.2;2.2 Managing by the Numbers;24
3.2.1;2.2.1 Extraction;24
3.2.2;2.2.2 Evaluation;28
3.2.3;2.2.3 Execution;31
3.3;2.3 Metrics for Management Guidance;33
3.3.1;2.3.1 Portfolio Management;33
3.3.2;2.3.2 Technology Management;35
3.3.3;2.3.3 Product and Release Planning;37
3.3.4;2.3.4 Making the Business Case;38
3.4;2.4 Hints for the Practitioner;40
3.5;2.5 Summary;43
4;3 Planning the Measurement Process;46
4.1;3.1 Software Measurement Needs Planning;46
4.2;3.2 Goal-Oriented Approaches;47
4.2.1;3.2.1 The GQM Methodology;47
4.2.2;3.2.2 The CAME Approach;49
4.3;3.3 Measurement Choice;51
4.4;3.4 Measurement Adjustment;53
4.5;3.5 Measurement Migration;54
4.6;3.6 Measurement Efficiency;56
4.7;3.7 Hints for the Practitioner;56
4.8;3.8 Summary;58
5;4 Performing the Measurement Process;59
5.1;4.1 Measurement Tools and Software e-Measurement;59
5.2;4.2 Applications and Strategies of Metrics Tools;60
5.2.1;4.2.1 Software process measurement and evaluation;60
5.2.2;4.2.2 Software Product Measurement and Evaluation;61
5.2.3;4.2.3 Software Process Resource Measurement and Evaluation;64
5.2.4;4.2.4 Software Measurement Presentation and Statistical Analysis;64
5.2.5;4.2.5 Software Measurement Training;65
5.3;4.3 Solutions and Directions in Software e-Measurement;66
5.4;4.4 Hints for the Practitioner;71
5.5;4.5 Summary;72
6;5 Introducing a Measurement Program;73
6.1;5.1 Making the Measurement Program Useful;73
6.2;5.2 Metrics Selection and Definition;73
6.3;5.3 Roles and Responsibilities in a Measurement Program;76
6.4;5.4 Building History Data;78
6.5;5.5 Positive and Negative Aspects of Software Measurement;79
6.6;5.6 It is People not Numbers!;82
6.7;5.7 Counter the Counterarguments;84
6.8;5.8 Information and Participation;85
6.9;5.9 Hints for the Practitioner;86
6.10;5.10 Summary;89
7;6 Measurement Infrastructures;90
7.1;6.1 Access to Measurement Results;90
7.2;6.2 Introduction and Requirements;90
7.2.1;6.2.1 Motivation: Using Measurements for Benchmarking;90
7.2.2;6.2.2 Source of Metrics;91
7.2.3;6.2.3 Dimensions of a Metrics Database;92
7.2.4;6.2.4 Requirements of a Metrics Database;93
7.3;6.3 Case Study: Metrics Database for Object-Oriented Metrics;95
7.3.1;6.3.1 Prerequisites for the Effective Use of Metrics;95
7.3.2;6.3.2 Architecture and Design of the Application;96
7.3.3;6.3.3 Details of the Implementation;97
7.3.4;6.3.4 Functionality of the Metrics Database (Users’ View);99
7.4;6.4 Hints for the Practitioner;102
7.5;6.5 Summary;103
8;7 Size and Effort Estimation;104
8.1;7.1 The Importance of Size and Cost Estimation;104
8.2;7.2 A Short Overview of Functional Size Measurement Methods;105
8.3;7.3 The COSMIC Full Function Point Method;109
8.4;7.4 Case Study: Using the COSMIC Full Function Point Method;112
8.5;7.5 Estimations Can Be Political;115
8.6;7.6 Establishing Buy-In: The Estimation Conference;116
8.7;7.7 Estimation Honesty;117
8.8;7.8 Estimation Culture;117
8.9;7.9 The Implementation of Estimation;118
8.10;7.10 Estimation Competence Center;120
8.11;7.11 Training for Estimation;122
8.12;7.12 Hints for the Practitioner;122
8.13;7.13 Summary;123
9;8 Project Control;124
9.1;8.1 Project Control and Software Measurement;124
9.2;8.2 Applications of Project Control;127
9.2.1;8.2.1 Monitoring and Control;127
9.2.2;8.2.2 Forecasting;133
9.2.3;8.2.3 Cost Control;135
9.3;8.3 Hints for the Practitioner;139
9.4;8.4 Summary;140
10;9 Defect Detection and Quality Improvement;142
10.1;9.1 Improving Quality of Software Systems;142
10.2;9.2 Fundamental Concepts;144
10.2.1;9.2.1 Defect Estimation;144
10.2.2;9.2.3 Defect Detection, Quality Gates and Reporting;146
10.3;9.3 Early Defect Detection;147
10.3.1;9.3.1 Reducing Cost of Non-Quality;147
10.3.2;9.3.2 Planning Early Defect Detection Activities;149
10.4;9.4 Criticality Prediction – Applying Empirical Software Engineering;151
10.4.1;9.4.1 Identifying Critical Components;151
10.4.2;9.4.2 Practical Criticality Prediction;153
10.5;9.5 Software Reliability Prediction;155
10.5.1;9.5.1 Practical Software Reliability Engineering;155
10.5.2;9.5.2 Applying Reliability Growth Models;157
10.6;9.6 Calculating ROI of Quality Initiatives;159
10.7;9.7 Hints for the Practitioner;163
10.8;9.8 Summary;164
11;10 Software Process Improvement;166
11.1;10.1 Process Management and Process Improvement;166
11.2;10.2 Software Process Improvement;169
11.2.1;10.2.1 Making Change Happen;169
11.2.2;10.2.2 Setting Reachable Targets;172
11.2.3;10.2.3 Providing Feedback;175
11.2.4;10.2.4 Practically Speaking: Implementing Change;177
11.2.5;10.2.5 Critical Success Factors;178
11.3;10.3 Process Management;179
11.3.1;10.3.1 Process Definition and Workflow Management;179
11.3.2;10.3.2 Quantitative Process Management;182
11.3.3;10.3.3 Process Change Management;183
11.4;10.4 Measuring the Results of Process Improvements;184
11.5;10.5 Hints for the Practitioner;186
11.6;10.6 Summary;188
12;11 Software Performance Engineering;190
12.1;11.1 The Method of Software Performance Engineering;190
12.2;11.2 Motivation, Requirements and Goals;192
12.2.1;11.2.1 Performance-related Risk of Software Systems;192
12.2.2;11.2.2 Requirements and Aims;193
12.3;11.3 A Practical Approach of Software Performance Engineering;194
12.3.1;11.3.1 Overview of an Integrated Approach;194
12.3.2;11.3.2 Establishing and Resolving Performance Models;194
12.3.3;11.3.3 Generalization of the Need for Model Variables;196
12.3.4;11.3.4 Sources of Model Variables;198
12.3.5;11.3.5 Performance and Software Metrics;199
12.3.6;11.3.6 Persistence of Software and Performance Metrics;201
12.4;11.4 Case Study: EAI;202
12.4.1;11.4.1 Introduction of a EAI Solution;202
12.4.2;11.4.2 Available Studies;203
12.4.3;11.4.3 Developing EAI to Meet Performance Needs;204
12.5;11.5 Costs of Software Performance Engineering;207
12.5.1;11.5.1 Performance Risk Model (PRM);207
12.6;11.6 Hints for the Practitioner;208
12.7;11.7 Summary;210
13;12 Service Level Management;211
13.1;12.1 Measuring Service Level Management;211
13.2;12.2 Web Services and Service Management;212
13.2.1;12.2.1 Web Services at a Glance;212
13.2.2;12.2.2 Overview of SLAs;214
13.2.3;12.2.3 Service Agreement and Service Provision;215
13.3;12.3 Web Service Level Agreements;217
13.3.1;12.3.1 WSLA Schema Specification;217
13.3.2;12.3.2 Web Services Run-Time Environment;218
13.3.3;12.3.3 Guaranteeing Web Service Level Agreements;219
13.3.4;12.3.4 Monitoring the SLA Parameters;220
13.3.5;12.3.5 Use of a Measurement Service;221
13.4;12.4 Hints for the Practitioner;222
13.5;12.5 Summary;224
14;13 Case Study: Building an Intranet Measurement Application;225
14.1;13.1 Applying Measurement Tools;225
14.2;13.2 The White-Box Software Estimation Approach;226
14.3;13.3 First Web-Based Approach;229
14.4;13.4 Second Web-Based Approach;230
14.5;13.5 Hints for the Practitioner;231
14.6;13.6 Summary;231
15;14 Case Study: Measurements in IT Projects;233
15.1;14.1 Estimations: A Start for a Measurement Program;233
15.2;14.2 Environment;234
15.2.1;14.2.1 The IT Organization;234
15.2.2;14.2.2 Function Point Project Baseline;234
15.3;14.3 Function Point Prognosis;237
15.4;14.4 Conclusions from Case Study;238
15.4.1;14.4.1 Counting and Accounting;238
15.4.2;14.4.2 ISO 8402 Quality Measures and IFPUG GSCs;239
15.4.3;14.4.3 Distribution of Estimated Effort to Project Phases;241
15.4.4;14.4.4 Estimation of Maintenance Tasks;242
15.4.5;14.4.5 The UKSMA and NESMA Standard;243
15.4.6;14.4.6 Enhancement Projects;244
15.4.7;14.4.7 Software Metrics for Maintenance;245
15.4.8;14.4.8 Estimation of Maintenance Effort After Delivery;246
15.4.9;14.4.9 Estimation for (Single) Maintenance Tasks;247
15.4.10;14.4.10 Simulations for Estimations;247
15.4.11;14.4.11 Sensitivity analysis.;249
15.5;14.5 Hints for the Practitioner;249
15.6;14.6 Summary;250
16;15 Case Study: Metrics in Maintenance;251
16.1;15.1 Motivation for a Tool-based Approach;251
16.2;15.2 The Software System under Investigation;252
16.3;15.3 Quality Evaluation with Logiscope;253
16.4;15.4 Application of Static Source Code Analysis;259
16.5;15.5 Hints for the Practitioner;262
16.6;15.6 Summary;264
17;16 Metrics Communities and Resources;266
17.1;16.1 Benefits of Networking;266
17.2;16.2 CMG;266
17.3;16.4 COSMIC;267
17.4;16.6 German GI Interest Group on Software Metrics;268
17.5;16.7 IFPUG;268
17.6;16.8 ISBSG;269
17.7;16.9 ISO;272
17.8;16.10 SPEC;273
17.9;16.11 The MAIN Network;273
17.10;16.12 TPC;274
17.11;16.13 Internet URLs of Measurement Communities;274
17.12;16.14 Hints for the Practitioner and Summary;275
18;Glossary;276
19;Literature;285
20;Index;296