Dresen / Rüter Seismic Coal Exploration

In-Seam Seismics
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8706-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 16, 446 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Handbook of Geophysical Exploration: Seismic Exploration

The efficient mining of hard coal in deep coal mines using highly mechanized longwall techniques requires information on the geological structure ahead of the operating face. Even minor tectonic faults with throws of only a few metres mean a loss in productivity, as they present severe working problems for underground mining equipment. Because investment costs to install a mechanized face are high, 'insurance' in the form of spare capacity by both machine shifts or spare faces is uneconomic. Thus, to reduce mining costs it is essential to delineate the geology prior to mining. Today, the only effective geophysical tool to detect and to map minor faults in front of the coal cutter is in-seam seismics using channel, or so called seam waves. The techniques are well established and successfully applied for more than two decades.In-Seam Seismics covers the entire range of elementary and advanced topics in mathematics, physics and data processing of dispersive channel waves. The results of analogue and numerical modelling provide a thorough understanding of transmission, reflection, recording and interpretation of seam waves and coal seam disturbances. Fire damp proof instrumentation, target orientated underground layouts, processing and interpretation of real data impart the state-of-the-art of in-seam seismics. Selected and well-rounded case histories complete the presentation of in-seam seismics. They can help the mining engineer to come to a decision to plan and to apply in-seam seismics in case of underground mining problems.A clear text, only formulae which are necessary, many carefully designed figures, an extended list of references and a lucid index make it easy for the reader to get acquainted with seam waves or to promote the technique of in-seam seismics.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dresen, L.

Rüter, H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover
;1
2;Seismic Coal Exploration: In-Seam Seismics;4
3;Copyright Page
;5
4;Table of Contents
;6
5;Acknowledgements;12
6;CHAPTER 1. Introduction;14
6.1;1.1. Overview;14
6.2;1.2. Coal mining concerns;14
6.3;1.3. Typical geologic disturbances;17
6.4;1.4. Geological sequences with seams as channels of lower seismic velocities;18
6.5;1.5. Procedures in fault detection;22
6.6;1.6. In-seam seismic activities worldwide, a general overview;23
7;CHAPTER 2. Physics of Channel Waves in Coal Seams;28
7.1;2.1. Introduction;28
7.2;2.2. Seam waves as a result of interfering body waves;29
7.3;2.3. Dispersive wave trains, phase and group velocity;37
7.4;2.4. Dispersion curves;46
7.5;2.5. Attenuation of channel waves in coal seams;70
7.6;2.6. Reflection and transmission of Love channel waves at faults and seam ends;82
7.7;2.7. Anisotropy of coal seams;95
7.8;2.8. Generation of seam waves;97
7.9;2.9. Sensitivity curves;104
8;CHAPTER 3. Data Processing;108
8.1;3.1. Introduction;108
8.2;3.2. Preprocessing;108
8.3;3.3. Analysis;112
8.4;3.4. Imaging (mapping);135
9;CHAPTER 4. Analogue and Numerical Modeling;158
9.1;4.1. Introduction;158
9.2;4.2. Analogue model techniques;159
9.3;4.3. Numerical methods;170
9.4;4.4. Results of numerical and analogue modeling;187
9.5;4.5. Conclusions drawn from the model seismic investigations for the in situ application of the in-seam seismic method;289
10;CHAPTER 5. Instrumentation;292
10.1;5.1. Introduction;292
10.2;5.2. Conditions for instrumentation in a coal mine;293
10.3;5.3. Requirements for the measuring instruments;297
10.4;5.4. Examples of seismic equipment;298
10.5;5.5. Wave sources;308
10.6;5.6. Receivers;326
11;CHAPTER 6. Data Acquisition;338
11.1;6.1. Introduction;338
11.2;6.2. Transmission surveys;339
11.3;6.3. Reflections surveys;342
11.4;6.4. Wave sources and receivers;356
11.5;6.5. General survey operations;360
12;CHAPTER 7. Case Histories;366
12.1;7.1. In-seam seismic surveys in Australian coal mines;366
12.2;7.2. In-seam seismic surveys in the U.K.;369
12.3;7.3. In-seam seismic surveys in Germany;382
13;REFERENCES;410
14;SUBJECT INDEX;434