Dredge / Gyimóthy Collaborative Economy and Tourism

Perspectives, Politics, Policies and Prospects
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-319-51799-5
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 328 Seiten

Reihe: Tourism on the Verge

This book employs an interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral lens to explore the collaborative dynamics that are currently disrupting, re-creating and transforming the production and consumption of tourism. House swapping, ridesharing, voluntourism, couchsurfing, dinner hosting, social enterprise and similar phenomena are among these collective innovations in tourism that are shaking the very bedrock of an industrial system that has been traditionally sustained along commercial value chains. To date there has been very little investigation of these trends, which have been inspired by, amongst other things, de-industrialization processes and post-capitalist forms of production and consumption, postmaterialism, the rise of the third sector and collaborative governance. Addressing that gap, this book explores the character, depth and breadth of these disruptions, the creative opportunities for tourism that are emerging from them, and how governments are responding to these new challenges. In doing so, the book provides both theoretical and practical insights into the future of tourism in a world that is, paradoxically, becoming both increasingly collaborative and individualized. 



Dianne Dredge is Professor (Tourism and Destination Development) in the Department of Culture and Global Studies, Aalborg University, Denmark. She is Chair of the Tourism Education Futures Initiative (TEFI), a network of tourism educators who believe in the powerful transformative effects of education in building sustainable and just forms of tourism for the future. Originally trained as an environmental planner, Dianne has research interests in tourism and development, collaborative governance, community capacity-building, tourism policy ecologies, policy learning, knowledge dynamics and higher education. Her preference is for active engaged research that pushes boundaries and that bridges theory and practice. While originally from Australia, Dianne has also lived and/or worked in Canada, Mexico, China and Denmark, experiences that have sharpened her interest in embedded community case study methodologies, community participation, capacity-building, cross-cultural communication and knowledge dynamics in and across research and practice worlds.

Szilvia Gyimóthy is Associate Professor at the Department of Culture & Global Studies Aalborg University, Denmark. She is head of Research at the Tourism Research Unit, a multidisciplinary team specializing in transformative research projects shaping of sustainable and smart tourism futures. Her research focuses on strategic placemaking and competitive differentiation of regions in the experience economy with a primary interest in collaborative value creation. Szilvia's research is moving beyond singularized notions of tourism production and consumption, and captures its embeddedness with leisure, popular culture and food production. In the past few years, Szilvia investigated novel value-creation mechanisms focusing on the involvement of consumer tribes, communities and digital endeavours and explored the potentials of the collaborative economy for urban and coastal destinations alike.  
 

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dredge, Dianne

Gyimóthy, Szilvia

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Acknowledgements;8
3;Contents;9
4;List of Contributors;11
5;Collaborative Economy and Tourism;15
5.1;1 Introduction;15
5.2;2 What Is the Collaborative Economy?;17
5.3;3 Approach and Scope;19
5.4;4 Why Study the Collaborative Economy?;20
5.5;5 Collaborative Economy Actors;21
5.6;6 Structure of this Book;24
5.7;References;25
6;Part I: Theoretical Explorations;27
6.1;Definitions and Mapping the Landscape in the Collaborative Economy;28
6.1.1;1 What´s in a Term?;28
6.1.2;2 Key Terms and Definitions;29
6.1.2.1;2.1 Historical Roots;29
6.1.2.2;2.2 Reincarnations and Innovations in Terms;31
6.1.2.3;2.3 A Genealogy of Definitions;32
6.1.2.4;2.4 Key Features;36
6.1.3;3 Mapping the Landscape of Collaborative Economy and Tourism;37
6.1.3.1;3.1 Extent of Collaborative Economy in Tourism;37
6.1.3.2;3.2 Enabling Conditions;37
6.1.3.3;3.3 Extractive Versus Generative Collaborative Models;40
6.1.4;4 Conclusions;40
6.1.5;References;41
6.2;Business Models of the Collaborative Economy;44
6.2.1;1 Introduction;44
6.2.2;2 Business Models and Value Creating Mechanisms;45
6.2.3;3 Early Categorisations of Collaborative Business Models;46
6.2.3.1;3.1 Corporatised Extractive Models;47
6.2.3.2;3.2 Communitarian or Commons Models;49
6.2.4;4 Collaborative Business Model Archetypes in Tourism;50
6.2.5;5 Conclusion;51
6.2.6;References;51
6.3;Responsibility and Care in the Collaborative Economy;53
6.3.1;1 Introduction;53
6.3.2;2 Why Are Ethics Important?;55
6.3.3;3 Key Terms and Concepts;57
6.3.4;4 Core Values of Care and Responsibility;60
6.3.5;5 Responsibility and Caring in the Collaborative Economy Accommodation Sector;62
6.3.6;6 Discussion;65
6.3.7;7 Conclusions;66
6.3.8;References;67
6.4;Networked Cultures in the Collaborative Economy;70
6.4.1;1 Introduction;70
6.4.2;2 The Constitutive Logic of Communities;72
6.4.2.1;2.1 The Substantivist Perspective: Community as Self-organising Ecosystem;73
6.4.2.2;2.2 The Utilitarian Perspective: Community as Market Exchange Platform;75
6.4.2.3;2.3 The Symbolic-Interactionist Logic: Community as Ideological Kinship;77
6.4.2.4;2.4 The Communitarian Logic: Community as a Solidaristic Cohesion;79
6.4.3;3 Towards a Hybrid Understanding of Networked Cultures;80
6.4.4;4 Conclusion: The Red Herring of Sharing;81
6.4.5;References;83
6.5;Policy and Regulatory Challenges in the Tourism Collaborative Economy;86
6.5.1;1 Introduction;86
6.5.2;2 In Whose Interests? The Policy Dilemma;88
6.5.3;3 Cracks in the System? Tourism and Industrial Policy;93
6.5.4;4 Regulatory Challenges;95
6.5.5;5 Approaches to Regulation;98
6.5.6;6 Discussion;99
6.5.7;7 Conclusions;100
6.5.8;References;101
7;Part II: Disruptions, Innovations and Transformations;105
7.1;Regulating Innovation in the Collaborative Economy: An Examination of Airbnb´s Early Legal Issues;106
7.1.1;1 Introduction;106
7.1.2;2 Airbnb and Its Legal Status;107
7.1.3;3 Innovation vs. Regulation;108
7.1.4;4 The Policymaker´s Perspective: Airbnb´s Issues and Impacts;110
7.1.4.1;4.1 Tourism: Visitors, Traditional Accommodations and DMOs;110
7.1.4.2;4.2 Taxes;112
7.1.4.3;4.3 Consumer Protection;113
7.1.4.3.1;4.3.1 Hosts and Residents;114
7.1.5;5 Existing Regulatory Approaches;116
7.1.5.1;5.1 Renting Restrictions: Quotas and More;117
7.1.5.2;5.2 Permits and Safety;118
7.1.5.3;5.3 Rule Enforcement;118
7.1.5.4;5.4 Taxes;120
7.1.6;6 The Challenging Future of Airbnb Regulation;120
7.1.7;7 Conclusion;124
7.1.8;References;124
7.2;Free Walking Tour Enterprises in Europe: An Evolutionary Economic Approach;138
7.2.1;1 Introduction;138
7.2.2;2 Free Walking Tour Firms Within the Collaborative Economy: An Evolutionary Economics Approach;140
7.2.3;3 Knowledge and Innovation in Walking Tours Firms Within the Collaborative Economy;143
7.2.4;4 Path Dependency of Walking Tour Firms Within Collaborative Economy;145
7.2.5;5 Methodology;147
7.2.6;6 An Analysis of Free Walking Tour Firms: Empirical Findings;149
7.2.6.1;6.1 Free Walking Tours Firm Features and Behaviour;149
7.2.6.2;6.2 Free Tours as a Process of Knowledge and Innovation;151
7.2.6.3;6.3 The Path-Dependency of Free Walking Tours;153
7.2.7;7 Discussion and Conclusions;155
7.2.8;References;158
7.3;Airbnb: Turning the Collaborative Economy into a Collaborative Society;161
7.3.1;1 Introduction;161
7.3.2;2 Theoretical Framework;162
7.3.2.1;2.1 Cultural Capitalism;162
7.3.3;3 Airbnb;164
7.3.3.1;3.1 The Rise and Rise of AIRBNB Inc.;164
7.3.3.2;3.2 Airbnb and Control;165
7.3.3.3;3.3 Reputation and Capital on Airbnb;166
7.3.3.4;3.4 Airbnb´s Future Plans;167
7.3.4;4 Discussion;168
7.3.4.1;4.1 Turning the Collaborative Economy into a Collaborative Society;170
7.3.4.2;4.2 Future Research;173
7.3.5;5 Conclusions;173
7.3.6;References;174
7.4;Sharing the New Localities of Tourism;177
7.4.1;1 Introduction;177
7.4.2;2 The Rise of the Local;178
7.4.3;3 The Spatial Effects of Collaborative Tourism Practices;179
7.4.3.1;3.1 Resources;180
7.4.3.2;3.2 Skills and Competence;181
7.4.3.3;3.3 Meanings;182
7.4.4;4 Emerging Practices: Co-Creation Between Tourists and Locals;182
7.4.5;5 How Has the Making of Tourism Spaces Changed?;185
7.4.6;6 Conclusions;188
7.4.7;References;190
7.5;Collaborative Economy and Destination Marketing Organisations: A Systems Approach;193
7.5.1;1 Introduction;193
7.5.2;2 Systems and Value: Destinations, DMOs and the Sharing Economy;194
7.5.3;3 The DMO´s Challenge to Create Value;195
7.5.4;4 Destinations and the Rise of the Collaborative Economy;198
7.5.4.1;4.1 New Companies in the Destination System;199
7.5.4.2;4.2 Innovation in the System;199
7.5.4.3;4.3 Changing Dynamics;200
7.5.4.4;4.4 New Business Structures and New Participants in Tourism;202
7.5.5;5 Collaborative Economy and the Role of DMOs;202
7.5.6;6 Responding to the New Destination System Dynamics;204
7.5.6.1;6.1 In the Balance;206
7.5.7;7 Conclusions;207
7.5.8;References;208
7.6;Working Within the Collaborative Tourist Economy: The Complex Crafting of Work and Meaning;211
7.6.1;1 Introduction;211
7.6.2;2 New Workers and Lifestyle Entrepreneurs in Tourism;214
7.6.3;3 Working with Copenhagen Free Walking Tours;215
7.6.4;4 Working with Airbnb;218
7.6.5;5 Discussion and Conclusion;221
7.6.6;References;225
8;Part III: Encounters and Communities;229
8.1;Embedding Social Values in Tourism Management: Community Currencies as Laboratories of Social Entrepreneurship?;230
8.1.1;1 Introduction: Theoretical Framework and Research Design;230
8.1.2;2 The Multifaceted Meanings of Social Entrepreneurship;232
8.1.3;3 The Case of Sardex.Net;235
8.1.3.1;3.1 Characteristics of Entrepreneurs;237
8.1.3.2;3.2 Corporate Mission and Values;237
8.1.3.3;3.3 Resources and Process;239
8.1.3.4;3.4 From Goals to Outcomes;240
8.1.4;4 Building Collaborative Entrepreneurship Within the Sardex´s Tourism Firms;240
8.1.4.1;4.1 Entrepreneurs´ Characteristics;241
8.1.4.2;4.2 Sharing Values;242
8.1.4.3;4.3 The Change in Resources, Processes and Outcomes;243
8.1.5;5 Conclusions;244
8.1.6;References;245
8.2;Improvising Economy: Everyday Encounters and Tourism Consumption;248
8.2.1;1 Introduction;248
8.2.2;2 Everyday Encounters and Improvisation;251
8.2.3;3 Consuming Witchcraft;254
8.2.4;4 Improvising Economy;258
8.2.5;References;259
8.3;Community and Connection: Exploring Non-monetary Aspects of the Collaborative Economy Through Recreation Vehicle Use;262
8.3.1;1 Introduction;262
8.3.2;2 Exploring the Historical Drivers for the Collaborative Economy;264
8.3.2.1;2.1 Conceptualising the Recreational Vehicle Market;266
8.3.3;3 Methods;267
8.3.4;4 Findings;268
8.3.4.1;4.1 Performative Spaces for Collaboration;269
8.3.4.2;4.2 Why Non-monetary Collaboration Occurs;270
8.3.5;5 Discussion;274
8.3.6;References;275
8.4;Collaborative Economy in Tourism in Latin America: The Case of Argentina, Colombia, Chile and Mexico;278
8.4.1;1 Introduction;278
8.4.2;2 Collaborative Economy;279
8.4.3;3 The Informal Sector in Latin America;281
8.4.4;4 Inequality and Exclusion;282
8.4.5;5 The Historical Context of Collaborative Economy: Tianguis and Flea Markets;284
8.4.6;6 The Informal Economy in the Digital Era;285
8.4.7;7 Digital Gap in Latin America;286
8.4.8;8 The Collaborative Economy in Tourism in Latin America;287
8.4.9;9 Concluding Considerations and Reflections;288
8.4.10;References;290
8.5;Peer-To-Peer Accommodation: Drivers and User Profiles;292
8.5.1;1 Introduction;292
8.5.2;2 Literature Review;294
8.5.2.1;2.1 Drivers of Collaborative Consumption;294
8.5.2.2;2.2 Choice of Accommodation and Reasons for Choosing P2P Accommodation;295
8.5.3;3 Aim of the Study;297
8.5.4;4 Data and Methods;297
8.5.5;5 Results;300
8.5.5.1;5.1 Drivers of P2P Accommodation;300
8.5.5.2;5.2 Heterogeneity of P2P Accommodation Users;301
8.5.6;6 Discussion;304
8.5.7;7 Conclusions;305
8.5.8;References;308
9;Part IV: Futures;311
9.1;New Frontiers in Collaborative Economy Research in Tourism;312
9.1.1;1 Introduction: Perspectives on the Collaborative Economy;312
9.1.2;2 Definitional Reflections: Towards Social, Cultural and Economic Pluralism;314
9.1.3;3 Reflections on Complexity: Collaborative Economy as a Perfect Policy Storm;316
9.1.4;4 Reflections on Knowledge Needs and Information Asymmetries;318
9.1.5;5 Reflections on Myths;319
9.1.6;6 Researching the Collaborative Economy and Tourism;321
9.1.6.1;6.1 Characteristics of the Collaborative Economy and Its Relationship with Tourism;323
9.1.6.2;6.2 Societal Impacts of the Collaborative Economy;324
9.1.6.3;6.3 What Can Be Done About It?;325
9.1.7;References;327