Digital Records, Heritage Conservation and Post-earthquake Re-construction in Chile

1. Auflage 2025
ISBN: 978-0-367-77623-7
Verlag: Taylor & Francis Ltd

Buch, Englisch, 292 Seiten, Format (B × H): 156 mm x 234 mm

Reihe: Routledge Research in Architectural Conservation and Historic Preservation

The conservation of built heritage implies constant intervention. One form of intervention is reconstruction, which, in the context of disasters, usually tries to bring buildings and places back to their previous state and is contested in heritage discourses. This book challenges reconstruction as a replica to physically preserve damaged built heritage by critically examining a context of constant change resulting from earthquakes – Chile – advocating for the digital record to be an analytical basis for design, following the principles embedded in historical domestic architecture.

Beyond monumental heritage, the focus is on the living heritage of the historical settlements of Tarapacá, Zúñiga, and Lolol, built with local resources and sustainable techniques. The book proposes re-construction as an alternative methodology, based on 3D-laser-scanning, photography, and questionnaires, to analyse the as-built condition of earthquake-affected buildings, consider risk mitigation, and recognise adaptation to earthquakes and subsequent reconstructions. This is relevant for seismic-prone areas and built heritage at risk in general.

This book is aimed at researchers, academics, and practitioners in architectural conservation and is also a valuable resource for authorities and stakeholders involved in post-earthquake scenarios.

Zielgruppe

Postgraduate

Autoren/Hrsg.

Devilat L., Bernadette

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Architektur Gestaltung, Darstellung, Bautechnik
• Geisteswissenschaften Architektur Ökologische Aspekte in der Architektur
• Geisteswissenschaften Architektur Gebäudetypen
• Geisteswissenschaften Architektur Architektur: Berufspraxis

Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of figures

List of abbreviations

Acknowledgements

Preface

Introduction

Situating the argument

Earthquakes in Chile

Re-construction and record

Structure of the book

Chapter 1: Built heritage conservation

1.1. A brief history of conservation

1.1.1. Initial attempts

1.1.2. Rome and beyond

1.1.3. Middle Ages

1.1.4. From the Renaissance

1.1.5. The becoming of heritage

From the Conservation movement

Non-monumental heritage

The classification of heritage

The internationalisation of heritage

1.2 Why conserve?

1.2.1. Living heritage: tangible and intangible

1.2.2. Sustainability and economic value

1.2.3. Tourism

1.2.4. Memory and the construction of history

1.3 How to conserve?

1.3.1. Concepts of intervention in built heritage

1.3.2. Reconstruction and re-construction

1.3.3. Time in built heritage restoration

1.3.4. Continuous conservation

1.3.5. Two intervention extremes

1.4. Final remarks

Chapter 2: Recording heritage buildings

2.1. Architectural representation, building and measuring

2.1.1 Building as recording

2.1.2. Architectural treatises

From building to drawing

Words instead of images

Standardisation

2.1.3. Other records

2.2. Surveying buildings

2.2.1. Hand-measuring method

2.2.2. Photography

2.2.3. 3D imaging

Stereo-photogrammetry

Photogrammetry

2.2.4. 3D scanning using projected light

2.2.5. 3D-laser-scanning

2.3. The rise of digital recording technologies

2.3.1. Products from the 3D record

Architectural representations

Visualisations

A new aesthetic

2.3.2. Designing from the 3D scan data

2.3.3. The paradox of the complete record

2.3.4. Record and archive

2.3.5. Continuous modelling and design

2.3.6. Visual replica

2.4. Final remarks

Chapter 3: Record and reconstruction in the face of destruction

3.1. Potential destruction

3.1.1. The record

3.1.2. Rebuilding as replica

3.1.3. The paradox of the original

3.1.3.1. Reconstruction as improvement

3.1.3.2. Programmed rebuilding — Ise shrines

3. The 3D record to question physical rebuilding

3.2. Recording for re-construction

3.2.1. Documenting to manage risk

3.2.2. Post-destruction assessment and documentation

Surveying buildings after earthquakes

3D-laser-scanning as a post-earthquake surveying tool

Continuous recording

Assessing damage by comparing records

3.3. Post-earthquake intervention of heritage areas

3.3.1. Building techniques in reconstruction and re-construction

3.4. Concluding remarks

Chapter 4: Reconstruction of heritage areas in Chile

4.1. Built heritage in Chile

4.1.1. Continuous destruction because of earthquakes

4.1.2 Heritage stance

4.1.3. Recording heritage buildings

4.1.4 Mitigation of heritage damage

4.2. Case studies

4.2.1. Two earthquakes

4.2.2 Chilean heritage areas

4.2.3. Tarapacá

4.2.4. Zúñiga

4.2.5. Lolol

4.3. Reconstruction after earthquakes in Chile

4.3.1. Emergency period

4.3.2. Permanent housing

4.3.3. Post-earthquake surveys

4.3.4. 2005 earthquake

4.3.5. 2010 earthquake

Creation of the Heritage Reconstruction Programme

Lessons learned from 2005 to 2010

4.4. Persisting challenges

4.4.1. Emergency period

4.4.1.1. Indiscriminate demolition

4.4.1.2. Built Heritage perception

4.4.2. Reconstruction process

4.4.2.1 Integral approach?

4.4.2.2. Lack of evaluation

4.4.2.3. Scalability

4.4.2.4. New heritage dwellings

4.5. Concluding remarks

Chapter 5: the record

5.1. Data capture on-site

5.1.1. Documenting the built environment

5.1.2. Tarapacá

5.1.3. Zúñiga

5.1.4. Lolol

5.1.2. Inhabitants' perception

5.2. Visualisation

Limitations

5.3. The record for analysis

5.3.1. Post-earthquake surveys

From measured drawing to 3D-laser-scanning

5.3.2. Architectural design, heritage elements and the sustainability of the new 'heritage' dwellings

From 2005 to 2010

The architectural elements of heritage

Architectural design and building techniques

5.3.3. The paradox of authentic reproduction

The record throughout time: determining the original

5.4. Concluding remarks

Chapter 6: Re-construction alternative

6.1. Documenting to mitigate risk

6.1.1. Mitigation retrofitting

6.1.2. Integrating inhabitants

6.2. Designing from the record

6.2.1. Time

6.3.2. Spatial use: the inhabited record

Inhabiting a reconstructed house

6.3.3. Sustainability and materiality

6.3. Re-construction

6.4.1. Tarapacá — memory

Re-construction plan

The memory of earthquakes

6.4.2. Zúñiga — use

6.4.3. Lolol — in-between

Post-earthquake and pre-restoration

Repair, retrofit & partial re-construction

6.4. Concluding remarks

Conclusions

Methodology

As a post-earthquake documenting tool

As a basis for analysis and design

Going beyond the buildings

Implications

New Buildings for Old

Mitigation as conservation

Continuous transformation

Projections

References

Index

Über Autor(innen)

Bernadette Devilat L., also known as Bernardita, is an assistant professor at the Department of Architecture and Built Environment of the University of Nottingham, part of the Architecture, Culture and Tectonics Research Group, where she teaches and leads research projects as Principal Investigator. She graduated as an Architect with a Master’s in Architecture at the Pontificia Universidad Católica, followed by a PhD in Architectural Design from the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London. Her research includes critical and novel uses of accurate recording technologies – mainly 3D-laser-scanning – to conserve built heritage at risk with case studies in Chile and India. She co-founded the Tarapacá Project, created after the 2005 earthquake in Chile; and DLA Scan Architectural Studio with built projects in Chile. She has research and teaching experience at all the universities listed, and Nottingham Trent University. She has published, given guest keynotes and lectures, exhibited and presented her work internationally, and received prestigious awards.