Denbratt / Subic / Wellnitz Sustainable Automotive Technologies 2014

Proceedings of the 6th ICSAT
2015
ISBN: 978-3-319-17999-5
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 233 Seiten, eBook

Reihe: Lecture Notes in Mobility

This volume collects the research papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Sustainable Automotive Technologies (ICSAT), Gothenburg, 2014. The topical focus lies on latest advances in vehicle technology related to sustainable mobility. ICSAT is the core and state-of-the-art conference in the field of new technologies for transportation. Research contributions from the US, Australia, Europe and Asia illustrate the pivotal role of the conference. The book provides an excellent overview of R&D activities at OEMs as well as in leading universities and laboratories.

Zielgruppe

Research

Autoren/Hrsg.

Denbratt, Ingemar

Subic, Aleksandar

Wellnitz, Jörg

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Part IElectromobility;11
4;1 Range Extender Engines for Vehicles with Electrical Propulsion;12
4.1;Abstract;12
4.2;1 Introduction;12
4.3;2 Hybrid Topology;13
4.4;3 Analysis of the Range Extender Power Requirement;14
4.5;4 Complete Powertrain Analysis and Choice of Concept;18
4.6;5 Conclusions;20
4.7;References;20
5;2 Costs and Willingness-to-Pay for Electric Vehicles;22
5.1;Abstract;22
5.2;1 Introduction;22
5.3;2 Total Cost of Ownership of Electric Vehicles;23
5.4;3 Willingness-to-Pay for Electric Vehicles;25
5.5;4 Combination and Comparison of WTP and TCO;27
5.6;5 Conclusion;29
5.7;Acknowledgments;29
5.8;References;29
6;Part IIVehicle Dynamics;31
7;3 Better Road Design Using Clothoids;32
7.1;Abstract;32
7.2;1 Introduction;33
7.3;2 History and Definition of Clothoids;34
7.4;3 Clothoids in Road Design;36
7.4.1;3.1 Connecting a Straight Road to a Circle Using a Clothoid;37
7.4.2;3.2 Design Chart;45
7.5;4 Conclusion;47
7.6;References;47
8;4 Sustainable Flat Ride Suspension Design;48
8.1;Abstract;48
8.2;1 Introduction;49
8.3;2 Previous Works;50
8.4;3 Uncoupling the Car Bicycle Model;53
8.5;4 No Flat Ride Solution for Linear Suspension;56
8.6;5 Nonlinear Damper;57
8.7;6 Near Flat Ride Solution for Ideal, Nonlinear Damper;59
8.8;7 Conclusion;62
8.9;References;63
9;Part IIIEngine Technologies;64
10;5 Gasoline Combustion System Development for Volvo Cars All-New Engine Family;65
10.1;Abstract;65
10.2;1 Introduction;65
10.3;2 Gasoline Combustion System Development Process;67
10.4;3 Intake Port Design;68
10.4.1;3.1 Single-Cylinder Testing for Intake Port Design Evaluation;70
10.5;4 Conclusions;72
10.6;Acknowledgments;72
10.7;References;72
11;6 Use of Late IVC and EGR to Enhance Diesel Engine Optimization;73
11.1;Abstract;73
11.2;1 Introduction;74
11.3;2 Experimental;75
11.4;3 Results and Discussions;76
11.4.1;3.1 Analysis of Pressures and Heat Release;76
11.4.2;3.2 Results from the Combustion Results by Change in SOI, Pinj and LIVC;78
11.5;4 Conclusions;80
11.6;Acknowledgments;80
11.7;References;80
12;7 Numerical and Experimental Study of Stratified Turbulent Combustion in a Spray-Guided Gasoline Direct Injection Engine;83
12.1;Abstract;83
12.2;1 Introduction;83
12.3;2 Method;84
12.4;3 Experimental and Numerical Setups;85
12.5;4 Results and Discussions;86
12.6;5 Conclusions;89
12.7;Acknowledgments;89
12.8;References;89
13;8 Ignition Delay, Lift-off and Soot Luminescence in Diesel-Ethanol Spray Combustion;91
13.1;Abstract;91
13.2;1 Introduction;91
13.3;2 Experimental Apparatus;92
13.4;3 Results and Discussion;93
13.4.1;3.1 Spray Development;93
13.4.2;3.2 Delay Time of Ignition and Soot Formation;93
13.4.3;3.3 Lift-off Length;95
13.4.4;3.4 Soot Luminescence;96
13.5;4 Conclusions;97
13.6;Acknowledgments;97
13.7;References;97
14;9 Lean Upgrade of Aftertreatment Systems to Euro6b Compliance;98
14.1;Abstract;98
14.2;1 Introduction;98
14.2.1;1.1 Lean NOx Trap Technology;99
14.2.2;1.2 Objectives;99
14.3;2 System Design History;100
14.4;3 Euro6b Development and Solutions;102
14.4.1;3.1 PHEV System;102
14.4.2;3.2 AWD System;104
14.5;4 Concluding Remarks;106
14.6;References;106
15;10 Delivery Evaluation of High Pressure Natural Gas Fuel Injection;107
15.1;Abstract;107
15.2;1 Introduction;107
15.3;2 Experimental Method;108
15.4;3 Experimental Conditions;110
15.5;4 Results;110
15.5.1;4.1 Macro-geometric Structures;110
15.5.2;4.2 Shock Structures;113
15.6;5 Conclusion;115
15.7;References;115
16;11 Development of a Methodology to Evaluate the Energy Efficiency of Heavy Equipment;117
16.1;Abstract;117
16.2;1 Introduction;118
16.3;2 Challenge of Choosing the Right Testing Method;118
16.4;3 Workflow of the Methodology;119
16.5;4 Section of Analysis;120
16.6;5 Section of Decision;124
16.7;6 Section of Synthesis;125
16.8;7 Conclusion/Summary;126
16.9;References;127
17;Part IVSustainability;128
18;12 Full Cost Accounting in the Automotive Industry: A Systematic Review and Methodology Proposal;129
18.1;Abstract;129
18.2;1 Introduction;129
18.3;2 Motivation for FCA Tools;130
18.3.1;2.1 Decision-making Reasons;131
18.3.2;2.2 Business Reasons;131
18.3.3;2.3 Practical Reasons;132
18.4;3 Methods for the Systematic Review;132
18.5;4 Results and Discussion;133
18.5.1;4.1 The Targeted Audience;136
18.5.2;4.2 System Boundaries;136
18.5.3;4.3 Flexibility;137
18.6;5 Conclusions;137
18.7;References;138
19;13 Drivers of Sustainability in the Automotive Industry;139
19.1;Abstract;139
19.2;1 Introduction;139
19.3;2 Customers;140
19.4;3 Competition;142
19.5;4 Suppliers;143
19.6;5 Substitute Products/Services;143
19.7;6 Conclusion/Summary;146
19.8;References;146
20;Part VMaterial-Light Weight Design;148
21;14 Aspects of Damage Tolerance and Fatigue of CFRP Structural Components;149
21.1;Abstract;149
21.2;1 Introduction;150
21.3;2 Regulations in the Aerospace Industry;152
21.3.1;2.1 Definitions;152
21.3.2;2.2 Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Evaluation;153
21.4;3 General Approach;155
21.4.1;3.1 Damage Tolerance and Fatigue for CFRP Versus Metals;155
21.4.2;3.2 Threat Assessment;155
21.4.3;3.3 Detectability Thresholds;156
21.4.4;3.4 Zoning Diagram;158
21.5;4 Design Allowables;159
21.6;5 Full Scale/Component Testing;160
21.7;6 Conclusion/Summary;161
21.8;References;161
22;15 Corrosion Propagation Under Paint Films on Galvanized Steel: A Comparison of Phosphating and Thin Film Corrosion Pretreatment Technologies;163
22.1;Abstract;163
22.2;1 Introduction;164
22.3;2 Experimental;164
22.3.1;2.1 Material, Pretreatment and Coating;164
22.3.2;2.2 Accelerated Corrosion Exposure;164
22.3.3;2.3 Sample Characterization;165
22.4;3 Results;165
22.4.1;3.1 Characterization with XRD;165
22.4.2;3.2 Characterization of the Corrosion Products with SEM/EDS;166
22.4.3;3.3 Characterization with FT-IR;168
22.5;4 Discussion;169
22.6;References;170
23;16 Lightweight Design of Composite Sandwich Structures;171
23.1;Abstract;171
23.2;1 Introduction;171
23.3;2 Blades for Composite Rotor Systems and Wings;173
23.4;3 Carbon Composite Sandwich Structures for Space Satellites;175
23.5;4 Al-Honey Comb Structure with CFC Face Sheets;175
23.6;5 Multifunctional Sandwich Fuselage Helicopter Structures;176
23.7;6 Conclusion/Summary;177
23.8;Acknowledgements;178
23.9;References;178
24;Part VIAlternative and Renewable Fuels;179
25;17 Effects of Natural Gas Percentage on Performance and Emissions of a Natural Gas/Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine;180
25.1;Abstract;180
25.2;1 Introduction;180
25.3;2 Experimental Setup and Methodology;181
25.3.1;2.1 The Single-Cylinder Engine;181
25.3.2;2.2 Methodology;182
25.4;3 Results and Discussion;182
25.4.1;3.1 Cylinder Pressure and Total Heat Release Rate Traces;183
25.4.2;3.2 Nitrogen Oxide Emissions;185
25.4.3;3.3 CO2 Emissions;185
25.4.4;3.4 UHC Emissions;185
25.4.5;3.5 CO Emissions;186
25.5;4 Conclusions;186
25.6;Acknowledgments;187
25.7;References;187
26;18 Investigation of Cold Start Operability, Long Term Impact, Emissions and Fuel Consumption of HVO Fuel in Volvo Car Engines and Vehicles;188
26.1;Abstract;188
26.2;1 Introduction;188
26.3;2 Fuels and Methodology;189
26.3.1;2.1 Fuels;189
26.3.2;2.2 Methodology;189
26.4;3 Results and Discussion;190
26.4.1;3.1 Cold Start Operability;190
26.4.2;3.2 Durability;191
26.4.3;3.3 Engine-Out Emission Tests;191
26.4.4;3.4 Vehicle Emission Tests;193
26.5;4 Conclusions;194
26.6;Acknowledgments;195
26.7;References;195
27;19 Assessment of the Viability of Vegetable Oil Fuels: Species, Land, Social, Environmental, Population and Safety Considerations;196
27.1;Abstract;196
27.2;1 Introduction;197
27.3;2 Literature Review;199
27.4;3 Availability and Status of Non-food Oil-Producing Species;201
27.5;4 Land Available for Renewable Energy Production;205
27.6;5 Social and Environmental Considerations;206
27.7;6 Population;207
27.8;7 Potential for Improved Safety by Using High Flashpoint Fuels;208
27.9;8 Conclusions;210
27.10;References;212
28;20 Design of a New Innovative High Pressure Hydrogen System Depending on Multi-layer Section;215
28.1;Abstract;215
28.2;1 Introduction;215
28.3;2 Structure of the New Hydrogen Storage System;217
28.4;3 Conclusion/Summary;220
28.5;References;221
29;Part VIISafety;222
30;21 Emergency Management Support by Spatial Reasoning;223
30.1;Abstract;223
30.2;1 Introduction;223
30.3;2 Motivating Example;224
30.4;3 Framework;226
30.5;4 From Models to Spatial Properties Checking;227
30.6;5 Conclusion;228
30.7;References;228
31;22 Analytical and Numerical Approach of Dynamic Behaviour of Flexible Metal Mesh Structures;229
31.1;Abstract;229
31.2;1 Motivation;230
31.3;2 Methodology;230
31.3.1;2.1 Analytical Approach;231
31.3.2;2.2 Numerical Approach;231
31.4;3 Conclusion/Summary;233
31.5;References;233

Range Extender Engines for Vehicles with Electrical Propulsion.- Costs and Willingness-to-Pay for Electric Vehicles.- Gasoline Combustion System Development for Volvo Cars All-New Engine Family.- Use of late IVC and EGR to enhance Diesel engine optimization.- Numerical and Experimental Study of Stratified Turbulent Combustion in a Spray-Guided Gasoline Direct Injection Engine.- Ignition delay, lift-off and soot luminescence in Diesel-ethanol spray combustion.- Lean Upgrade of Aftertreatment Systems to Euro6b Compliance.- Delivery Evaluation Of High Pressure Natural Gas Fuel Injection.