Demirbas Biorefineries

For Biomass Upgrading Facilities
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-84882-721-9
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 240 Seiten

Reihe: Green Energy and Technology

Industrial biorefineries have been identified as the most promising routes to the creation of a bio-based economy. Partial biorefineries already exist in some energy crop, forest-based, and lignocellulosic product facilities. Biorefineries: For Biomass Upgrading Facilities examines the variety of different technologies which integrated bio-based industries use to produce chemicals; biofuels; food and feed ingredients; biomaterials; and power from biomass raw materials. Conversion technologies are also covered, since biomass can be converted into useful biofuels and biochemicals via biomass upgrading and biorefinery technologies. Biorefineries: For Biomass Upgrading Facilities will prove a practical resource for chemical engineers, and fuel and environmental engineers. It will also be invaluable in academic fields, providing useful information for both researchers and students.

Ayhan Demirbas is a full professor at Sila Science and Energy, Turkey. He was a professor in Energy Technologies Science at Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey, between 1991 and 2001, and at Selcuk University, Turkey, from 2003 to 2007. His research is mainly concerned with renewable and sustainable energy.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Demirbas, Ayhan

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;1 Introduction;10
3.1;1.1 Introduction;10
3.2;1.2 Short Supply of Petroleum;12
3.3;1.3 Coal, Coal Liquefaction, and Refining;20
3.4;1.4 Natural Gas;25
3.5;1.5 Oil Shale and Tar Sands;29
3.6;1.6 Natural Bitumen and Extra- Heavy Oil;31
3.7;1.7 Introduction to Renewable and Biorenewable Sources;33
3.8;References;40
4;2 Fuels from Biomass;42
4.1;2.1 Introduction;42
4.2;2.2 The Chemistry of Biomass;51
4.3;2.3 Biomass Conversion Processes;56
4.4;2.4 Chemicals from Biomass;59
4.5;2.5 Biofuels from Biomass;67
4.6;2.6 Barriers to the Development of Biofuels;79
4.7;References;80
5;3 Biorefinery;83
5.1;3.1 Introduction;83
5.2;3.2 Definitions of Biorefinery;86
5.3;3.3 The History of Biorefinery;89
5.4;3.4 Petroleum Refinery and Biorefinery;93
5.5;References;99
6;4 Transportation Fuels;101
6.1;4.1 Introduction;101
6.2;4.2 Gasoline or Petrol;102
6.3;4.3 Diesel Fuel;107
6.4;4.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas;110
6.5;4.5 Compressed Natural Gas;111
6.6;4.6 Hydrogen;112
6.7;4.7 Biorenewable Liquid Fuels;113
6.8;4.8 Biorenewable Gaseous Fuels;117
6.9;References;120
7;5 Biomass Fractionation and Valorization;122
7.1;5.1 Introduction;122
7.2;5.2 Biomass Fractionation and Valorization Facilities;124
7.3;5.3 Physical Valorization Facilities of Biomass;128
7.4;5.4 Chemical Valorization Facilities of Biomass;132
7.5;5.5 Reuse of Wood Wastes for Energy Generation;134
7.6;5.6 Biochemical Valorization Facilities of Biomass;137
7.7;References;139
8;6 Thermochemical Processes;141
8.1;6.1 Introduction;141
8.2;6.2 Combustion of Biomass;144
8.3;6.3 Liquefaction Process;145
8.4;6.4 Pyrolysis Process;157
8.5;6.5 Gasification Process;181
8.6;References;195
9;7 Biochemical Processes;199
9.1;7.1 Introduction;199
9.2;7.2 Biochemical Conversion Facilities;200
9.3;7.3 Production of Fuels;200
9.4;7.4 Production of Chemicals;204
9.5;7.5 Upgrading of Biochemical Conversion Products;208
9.6;7.6 Refining of Biochemical Conversion Products;210
9.7;References;214
10;8 Biorefining Economy;216
10.1;8.1 Introduction;216
10.2;References;224
10.3;9.1 Introduction;226
10.4;9.2 Political Impacts;227
10.5;References;231
10.6;10.1 Introduction;232
10.7;10.2 Environmental Impacts;233
10.8;References;239
11;9 Political Impacts of Biorefinery;226
12;10 Environmental Impacts of Biorefineries;232
13;Index;241