Demianski / Demia?ski / Ter Haar Relativistic Astrophysics

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7898-8
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 342 Seiten, Web PDF

Relativistic Astrophysics brings together important astronomical discoveries and the significant achievements, as well as the difficulties in the field of relativistic astrophysics. This book is divided into 10 chapters that tackle some aspects of the field, including the gravitational field, stellar equilibrium, black holes, and cosmology. The opening chapters introduce the theories to delineate gravitational field and the elements of relativistic thermodynamics and hydrodynamics. The succeeding chapters deal with the gravitational fields in matter; stellar equilibrium and general relativity stability; and the properties of pulsar, rotating and neutron stars. The discussion then shifts to the association between gravitational collapse and black holes, as well as the astrophysical investigations of neutron stars and black holes. The final chapters examine the principles of gravitational waves and advances in understanding the field of cosmology. This book will be of great value to astrophysicists and related scientists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Demianski, Marek

Demia?ski, Marek

Ter Haar, D.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Relativistic Astrophysics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;CHAPTER 1. GRAVITATIONAL FIELD;12
6.1;1.1. Newton's Theory of Gravitation;12
6.2;1.2. Gravitational Field in the General Theory of Relativity;13
6.3;1.3. Local Inertial Frames;15
6.4;1.4. Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Fields;16
6.5;1.5. Motion of Test Particles in a Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Field;20
6.6;1.6. Extension of the Schwarzschild Metric;26
6.7;1.7. The Weak-Field Approximation;33
6.8;1.8. Stationary Gravitational Fields. The Kerr Metric;35
6.9;1.9. Motion of Test Particles and Light Signals in Kerr Space-Time;40
6.10;Literature;45
7;CHAPTER 2. ELEMENTS OF RELATIVISTIC THERMODYNAMICS AND HYDRODYNAMICS;46
7.1;2.1. Relativistic Transformation Properties of Thermodynamic Quantities;46
7.2;2.2. The Energy-Momentum Tensor;49
7.3;2.3. Kinematic Quantities Characterizing the Motion of a Medium;50
7.4;2.4. Relativistic Equations of Hydrodynamics;57
7.5;2.5. Relativistic Equations of Dissipative Processes;61
7.6;2.6. Equations of Hydrodynamics in the Post-Newtonian Approximation;63
7.7;Literature;69
8;CHAPTER 3. GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS IN MATTER;70
8.1;3.1. Gravitational Fields in Matter. The Friedman Solution;70
8.2;3.2. Complete Solution for a Spherically Symmetric Dust Cloud. Matching Conditions;72
8.3;3.3. Spherically Symmetric, Static Distribution of Matter;75
8.4;3.4. Weak Gravitational Fields;77
8.5;Literature;79
9;CHAPTER 4. STELLAR EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY IN GENERAL RELATIVITY;80
9.1;4.1. Conditions of Equilibrium;80
9.2;4.2. Polytropic Stars in Newton's Theory;83
9.3;4.3. Adiabatic Gaseous Spheres in General Relativity;86
9.4;4.4. Stellar Stability in Newton's Theory;89
9.5;4.5. Stellar Stability in the Post-Newtonian Approximation;95
9.6;4.6. Stability of Spherically Symmetric Equilibrium Configurations with Respect to Radial Perturbations;99
9.7;4.7. Spherical Configurations of Cold, Catalyzed Matter. Critical Mass;102
9.8;Literature;109
10;CHAPTER 5. ROTATING STARS;110
10.1;5.1. Critical Mass of Rotating Stars;110
10.2;5.2. Newtonian Theory of Rotating Bodies;112
10.3;5.3. Assumptions and Definitions;117
10.4;5.4. Basic Equations;119
10.5;5.5. Preferred Observers. Dragging of Inertial Frames;124
10.6;5.6. Relativistic von Zeipel Theorems. Convective Stability;128
10.7;5.7. Slow Rotation. Models of Rotating Neutron Stars;131
10.8;Literature;135
11;CHAPTER 6. NEUTRON STARS AND PULSARS;137
11.1;6.1. Late Stages of Stellar Evolution;137
11.2;6.2. Neutron Stars;142
11.3;6.3. Pulsars;152
11.4;Literature;171
12;CHAPTER 7. GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE AND BLACK HOLES;173
12.1;7.1. Spherically Symmetric Collapse of a Dust Cloud;173
12.2;7.2. Adiabatic Spherical Collapse;177
12.3;7.3. Nonspherical Collapse. Trapped Surfaces and Apparent Horizons;183
12.4;7.4. General Properties of Black Holes;189
12.5;7.5. Stationary Black Holes;192
12.6;7.6. Kerr-Newman Black Holes;196
12.7;7.7. The Four Laws of Black Hole Mechanics;202
12.8;7.8. Stability of Schwarzschild and Kerr Solutions;205
12.9;7.9. Particle Creation by Black Holes. The Hawking Process;214
12.10;Literature;219
13;CHAPTER 8. ASTROPHYSICS OF NEUTRON STARS AND BLACK HOLES;221
13.1;8.1. Spherically Symmetric Accretion of Matter Onto Neutron Stars and Black Holes;221
13.2;8.2. Binary Star Systems;223
13.3;8.3. Accretion of Matter Onto a Black Hole or Neutron Star in a Binary System;227
13.4;8.4. Compact X-Ray Sources and Observational Data;232
13.5;8.5. Cyg X-1 as Observational Confirmation of the Existence of a Black Hole;237
13.6;8.6. Black Holes in Spherical Clusters and Galactic Nuclei;239
13.7;8.7. Interaction of a Black Hole with its Environment;242
13.8;8.8. Equations of Motion for a Black Hole;245
13.9;Literature;247
14;CHAPTER 9. GRAVITATIONAL WAVES;250
14.1;9.1. Gravitational Waves in the Weak-Field Approximation;250
14.2;9.2. Gravitational Waves in Curved Space;253
14.3;9.3. Motion of Test Particles in a Plane Gravitational Wave. Polarization;258
14.4;9.4. Astrophysical Sources of Gravitational Waves;259
14.5;9.5. Weber's Antenna and Other Attempts to Detect Gravitational Waves;264
14.6;9.6. Interaction Between Electromagnetic and Gravitational Waves. Laboratory Sources and Detectors of Gravitational Waves;267
14.7;9.7. Binary Pulsar PSR 1913 + 16: an Indirect Confirmation of the Existence of Gravitational Waves;268
14.8;Literature;270
15;CHAPTER 10. COSMOLOGY;272
15.1;10.1. Homogeneous and Isotropie Matter Distributions. The Friedman Solution;272
15.2;10.2. The Red Shift. Horizons;275
15.3;10.3. Hubble's Constant;278
15.4;10.4. Galaxy and Radio Counts;282
15.5;10.5. Microwave Background Radiation;285
15.6;10.6. The Hot Big Bang Model of the Universe;290
15.7;10.7. The Problem of Initial Conditions. The Hadron Era;292
15.8;10.8. The Lepton Era;294
15.9;10.9. The Radiation Era. Formation of Light Elements;296
15.10;10.10. The Recombination Period;301
15.11;10.11. Perturbations of an Isotropie Newtonian Cosmological Model. Jeans Instability;303
15.12;10.12· Perturbations of the Friedman Model;308
15.13;10.13. Influence of Radiation on the Evolution of Perturbations in the Expanding Universe;312
15.14;10.14. Theories of Galaxy Formation;315
15.15;10.15. Structure and Evolution of Galaxies;321
15.16;10.16. Other Cosmological Models. The Mixmaster Universe;327
15.17;Literature;333
16;APPENDIX: SOME CONSTANTS USED IN ASTROPHYSICS;338
17;SUBJECT INDEX;340
18;OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES IN NATURAL PHILOSOPHY;350