de Baerdemaeker / Vandewalle Control Applications in Post-Harvest and Processing Technology 1995

1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9685-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 321 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: IFAC Postprint Volume

The 1st IFAC/CIGR/EURAENG/ISHS Workshop on Control Applications in Post-Harvest and Processing Technology (CAPPT '95) provides the opportunity to discuss and evaluate the state of the art and application of control methods in storage and processes of agricultural and horticultural products. This publication, generated from the papers at the workshop, provides a detailed assessment of present and future developments of key technologies within the agricultural and horticultural fields.

Autoren/Hrsg.

de Baerdemaeker, J.

Vandewalle, J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Control Applications in Post-Harvest and Processing Technology (CAPPT''95);2
3;Copyright Page;3
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Part I: KEYNOTE LECTURE;10
5.1;Chapter 1. Progress in Process Operation by Goal Oriented Advanced Control;10
5.1.1;1 Introduction;10
5.1.2;2 Goals in Post-harvest and Processing operations;11
5.1.3;3 Developments in control;14
5.1.4;4 Product quality models;17
5.1.5;5 Perspective: optimal operation and control;18
5.1.6;6 Examples of the goal oriented approach;19
5.1.7;7 Implementation aspects of Optimal Operation and Control;22
5.1.8;8 Conclusion;23
5.1.9;9 References;23
6;Part II: MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION;26
6.1;Chapter 2. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING ON STORAGE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING (MAP) AND CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE (CA).;26
6.1.1;ABSTRACT;26
6.1.2;INTRODUCTION;26
6.1.3;RESULTS;27
6.1.4;2. OPTIMIZING STORE VOLUME. REFRIGERETING TECHNIQUES, AND C.A. CIRCUMSTANCES;28
6.1.5;3. OPTIMIZING MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING (M.A.P.) CIRCUMSTANCES;29
6.1.6;4. INTEGRATORS AND SENSORS;30
6.2;Chapter 3. VISUALISATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF THE AIR FLOW PATTERN IN VENTILATED SPACES BY USING IMAGE ANALYSIS;34
6.2.1;1. PROBLEM: A QUALITATIVE VALIDATION OF MODELS;34
6.2.2;2. OBJECTIVE: QUANTIFICATION OF VISUALISED AIR FLOW PATTERNS;34
6.2.3;3. METHOD: THE LABORATORY TEST INSTALLATION WITH IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES;35
6.2.4;4. IMAGE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE;37
6.2.5;5. CONCLUSIONS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF THE TECHNIQUE - EXPERIMENT;39
6.2.6;6. REFERENCES;40
6.3;Chapter 4. OPTIMIZATION FOR FRUIT QUALITY DURING A STORAGE PROCESS;42
6.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;42
6.3.2;2. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM;43
6.3.3;3. METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION;43
6.3.4;4. IDENTIFICATION OF FRUIT RESPONSE;44
6.3.5;5. OPTIMIZATION RESULTS;46
6.3.6;6. CONCLUSION;47
6.3.7;REFERENCES;47
6.4;Chapter 5. ENERGETICAL OPTIMALISATION OF THE GRAIN DRYING PROCESSES BY THE CONTROL OF AIRFLOW RATE;48
6.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;48
6.4.2;2. BACKGROUND;49
6.4.3;3. THE MODEL OF DRYING KINETICS;50
6.4.4;5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;52
6.4.5;6. CONCLUSIONS;53
6.4.6;7. ACKNOWLEDGMENT;53
6.4.7;REFERENCES;53
6.5;Chapter 6. OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE MODELLING FOR GRAIN COOLING CONTROL;56
6.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;56
6.5.2;2. MATERIEL AND METHODS;56
6.5.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;58
6.5.4;4. APPLICATION ON COOLING MODELS;58
6.5.5;5. CONCLUSIONS;60
6.5.6;REFERENCES;60
6.6;Chapter 7. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT MODELS USED IN FIXED BED DRYING PROCESSES;62
6.6.1;1. INTRODUCTION;62
6.6.2;2. PHYSICALLY BASED MODELING;63
6.6.3;3. BLACK BOX MODELING;66
6.6.4;4. CONCLUSION;66
6.6.5;REFERENCES;67
6.7;Chapter 8. MODELLING THE FINAL DRYING PROCESS FOR HAY IN A DEEP LAYER;68
6.7.1;1.0 INTRODUCTION;68
6.7.2;2.0 REAL TIME CONTROL OF HAY BARN VENTILATION;69
6.7.3;3.0 CONCLUSION;70
6.7.4;REFERENCES;72
6.8;Chapter 9. DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF PLANT OPERATION IN THE WINE INDUSTRY;74
6.8.1;1. INTRODUCTION;74
6.8.2;2. BIBLIOGRAPHY;75
6.8.3;3. RATIONALE;76
6.8.4;4. MATERIAL AND METHODS;76
6.8.5;5. RESULTS;77
6.8.6;6. CONCLUSIONS;78
6.8.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;78
6.8.8;REFERENCES;78
6.9;Chapter 10. PREDICTION OF CONDENSATION ON TOMATOES;82
6.9.1;1. INTRODUCTION;82
6.9.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHODS;83
6.9.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;85
6.9.4;4. CONCLUSION;86
6.9.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;86
6.9.6;REFERENCES;86
7;Part III: DECISION SUPPORT AND PLANNING;88
7.1;Chapter 11. AUTOMATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF GRAIN DRYING AND TREATMENT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC;88
7.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;88
7.1.2;2. GRAIN PRESERVATION METHODS;88
7.1.3;3. AUTOMATION OF POST-HARVEST TREATMENT AND STORAGE PLANTS;89
7.1.4;4. PROCESS AUTOMATION IN CZECH DRYERS;89
7.1.5;5. AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF THE OUTPUT MOISTURE CONTENT;91
7.1.6;6. ANTICIPATED TRENDS OF FUTURE DEVELOPMENT;93
7.1.7;REFERENCES;93
7.2;Chapter 12. STUDY FOR AN EXPERT SYSTEM ON PRESERVATION OF THE QUALITY OF POST-HARVEST GRAIN : PLANNING OF STORAGE TECHNICAL ROUTE;94
7.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;94
7.2.2;2. PLANNING OF STORAGE TECHNICAL ROUTE;95
7.2.3;3. CONCLUSION;101
7.2.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;102
7.2.5;REFERENCES;102
7.3;Chapter 13. VARIABILITY OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF WINTER RAPE STEMS AS AN EFFECT OF CONTROLLED STRATEGY IN PLANT GROWTH CONDITIONS;104
7.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;104
7.3.2;REFERENCES;107
7.4;Chapter 14. EXPERT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN SEED PROCESSING;108
7.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;108
7.4.2;2. METHOD OF STRUCTURING OF KNOWLEDGE;108
7.4.3;3. THE PLANNING OF ES "SIEVES" RESEARCH PROTOTYPE AND ES "DIAGNOSTICS" DISPLAYING PROTOTYPE;109
7.4.4;4. CONCLUSION;110
7.4.5;REFERENCES;110
8;Part IV: MEASUREMENT OF PROPERTIES OF PRODUCE;112
8.1;Chapter 15. Intelligent Monitoring for Quality of Fresh Citrus Fruit from Packing House to Supermarket;112
8.1.1;Introduction;112
8.1.2;Aims of FRUIT ESPRIT 5379;113
8.1.3;Quality Requirements of Citrus Fruit;113
8.1.4;Life Tracking System;113
8.1.5;Sensor Development;114
8.1.6;Monitoring and Analysis Equipment;114
8.1.7;Overall Operation;115
8.1.8;References;115
8.2;Chapter 16. MECHANICAL RESISTANCE OF STORAGE APPLE;118
8.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;118
8.2.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHOD;119
8.2.3;3. RESULTS;119
8.2.4;4. DISCUSSION;123
8.2.5;5. REFERENCES;124
8.3;Chapter 17. LASER LIGHT BASED MACHINE VISION SYSTEM FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE RIPENESS SENSING OF GOLDEN APPLES;126
8.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;126
8.3.2;2. OBJECTIVES;126
8.3.3;3. IMAGE ACQUISITION SYSTEM;127
8.3.4;4. IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHMS;127
8.3.5;5. RELATION OF THE LASER IMAGE WITH THE APPLE RIPENESS;130
8.3.6;6. CONCLUSIONS;130
8.3.7;REFERENCES;131
8.4;Chapter 18. STUDY ON QUALITY EVALUATION OF ORANGE FRUIT USING IMAGE PROCESSING;134
8.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;134
8.4.2;2. MATERIALS;134
8.4.3;3. EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES AND METHODS;135
8.4.4;4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;135
8.4.5;5. CONCLUSION;137
8.4.6;REFERENCES;137
8.5;Chapter 19. Recognition of Fruits by Image Processing - Application of Template Matching;138
8.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;138
8.5.2;2. IMAGE RECOGNITION METHODS;139
8.5.3;3. EXPERIMENTS ON POSITION DETECTIONS;139
8.5.4;4. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS;139
8.5.5;5. SUMMARY;142
8.5.6;REFERENCES;143
8.6;Chapter 20. MEASURING OF GRAINY MATERIALS COMPOSITION BY COMPUTER VISION;144
8.6.1;1. INTRODUCTION;144
8.6.2;2. MATERIALS;144
8.6.3;3. DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM;145
8.6.4;3. PROCEDURE;145
8.6.5;4. RESULTS;146
8.6.6;5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;147
8.6.7;REFERENCES;147
8.7;Chapter 21. MACHINE VISION FOR THE AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENT OF BROKEN GRAIN FRACTIONS1;148
8.7.1;1 INTRODUCTION;148
8.7.2;2 MATERIAL AND METHODS;149
8.7.3;3 RESULTS;150
8.7.4;4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;151
8.7.5;5 REFERENCES;151
8.8;Chapter 22. Effect of different controlled atmospheres on processing quality of potatoes;152
8.8.1;1. INTRODUCTION;152
8.8.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHODS;152
8.8.3;3. RESULTS;153
8.8.4;4. DISCUSSION;156
8.8.5;REFERENCES;156
9;Part V: COMPUTER CONTROLLED PROCESS ENVIRONMENT;158
9.1;Chapter 23. THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT IN POTATO STORAGE;158
9.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;158
9.1.2;2. INVENTORY OF SYSTEMS;158
9.1.3;3. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS;159
9.2;Chapter 24. ARTIFICIAL BANANA RIPENING BY FUZZY CONTROL;160
9.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;160
9.2.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;161
9.2.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;163
9.2.4;REFERENCES;164
9.3;Chapter 25. OPTIMIZATION OF THE CLIMATE FOR POTATO STOREHOUSES USING ADAPTIVE FUZZY-CONTROL METHODS;166
9.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;166
9.3.2;2. MODELLING THE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER;166
9.3.3;3. CONTROLLING THE CLIMATE;167
9.3.4;4. FUZZY CONTROL;168
9.3.5;5. ADAPTIVE CONTROLLING USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS;169
9.3.6;6. CONCLUSION;170
9.4;Chapter 26. DYNAMIC CONTROL OF THE OXYGEN CONTENT DURING CA STORAGE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES;172
9.4.1;1. ABSTRACT;172
9.4.2;2. INTRODUCTION;172
9.4.3;3. MATERIAL AND METHODS;173
9.4.4;4. RESULTS;173
9.4.5;5. DISCUSSION;176
9.4.6;6. CONCLUSION;177
9.4.7;7. REFERENCES;177
10;Part VI: INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES IN POST-HARVEST OPERATIONS;178
10.1;Chapter 27. NEURAL NETWORK CLASSIFIERS IN APPLE BLEMISH INSPECTION;178
10.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;178
10.1.2;2. THE PATTERN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM;179
10.1.3;3 TEST RESULTS;181
10.1.4;4 CONCLUSIONS;182
10.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;182
10.1.6;REFERENCES;182
10.2;Chapter 28. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL STRATEGIES BASED ON PLANT RESPONSES USING INTELLIGENT MACHINE VISION TECHNIQUE;184
10.2.1;1. INTRODUCTION;184
10.2.2;2. KALMAN FILTER NEURON TRAINING;185
10.2.3;3. FINITE ELEMENT FEATURES;186
10.2.4;4. NEURAL NETWORK CONTROL SYSTEM;187
10.2.5;5. NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT FOR PLANT MOISTURE CONTENT;187
10.2.6;6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;189
10.2.7;7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;190
10.2.8;8. REFERENCES;190
10.3;Chapter 29. NEW APPROACH TO TOTAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS BASED ON AN INTELLIGENT CONTROL;192
10.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;192
10.3.2;2. OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS;193
10.3.3;3. COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TOTAL PRODUCTION;193
10.3.4;4. IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL RESULTS;195
10.3.5;5. CONCLUSION;197
10.3.6;REFERENCES;197
10.4;Chapter 30. QUANTIFICATION OF STRUCTURE AND QUALITY OF CHOPPED CROPS BY AN AUTOMATED IMAGE PROCESSING;198
10.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;198
10.4.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHODS;199
10.4.3;3. RESULTS;199
10.4.4;4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;202
10.4.5;REFERENCES;202
10.5;Chapter 31. METHODOLOGY AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR CONTAMINANT DETECTION IN WINES, FRUITS AND VEGETABLES USING BIO & CHEMILUMINESCENCE (BCL);204
10.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;204
10.5.2;2. OBJECTIVES;204
10.5.3;3. MATERIALS AND METHODS;205
10.5.4;4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;206
10.5.5;5. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES;208
10.5.6;REFERENCES;209
10.6;Chapter 32. SENSOR FUSION FOR QUALITY GRADING OF MELONS;210
10.6.1;1. INTRODUCTION;210
10.6.2;2. MATERIAL;211
10.6.3;3. METHODS;212
10.6.4;4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES;213
10.6.5;5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;213
10.6.6;6. CONCLUSIONS;215
10.6.7;7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;216
10.6.8;REFERENCES;216
10.7;Chapter 33. INFLUENCE OF STOCHASTIC AIR TEMPERATURE DISTURBANCES ON THE COLD STORAGE OF FRUITS;218
10.7.1;1. INTRODUCTION;218
10.7.2;2. COMPUTATION OF HEAT CONDUCTION;218
10.7.3;3. AUTOREGRESSIVE RANDOM PROCESSES;219
10.7.4;4. A VARIANCE PROPAGATION ALGORITHM;221
10.7.5;5. STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER IN PINEAPPLE;222
10.7.6;6. CONCLUSIONS;222
10.7.7;7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;223
10.7.8;8. NOMENCLATURE;223
10.7.9;9. REFERENCES;223
10.8;Chapter 34. NEURAL BRUISE PREDICTION MODELS FOR FRUIT HANDLING AND MACHINERY EVALUATION;224
10.8.1;1. INTRODUCTION;224
10.8.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHODS;225
10.8.3;3. RESULTS FOR BRUISE PREDICTION MODELS;227
10.8.4;4. RESULTS FOR THE BRUISE SIMULATION PROCESS;228
10.8.5;5. RESULTS FOR HANDLING PROCESS AND MACHINERY EVALUATION;229
10.8.6;6. CONCLUSIONS;231
10.8.7;7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;232
10.8.8;8. REFERENCES;232
11;Part VII: OBSERVATION FOR CONTROL;234
11.1;Chapter 35. MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCE RESPONSES ON CLIMATIC IMPACTS IN POSTHARVEST;234
11.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;234
11.1.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHODS;235
11.1.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;237
11.1.4;4. CONCLUSION;240
11.1.5;5. REFERENCES;240
11.2;Chapter 36. DEVELOPMENT OF A LOW COST VENTILATION RATE SENSOR FOR MICRO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN STORAGE PLACES;242
11.2.1;1. PROBLEM;242
11.2.2;2. OBJECTIVES;243
11.2.3;3. METHOD;243
11.2.4;4. RESULTS;244
11.2.5;5. CONCLUSIONS;248
11.2.6;6. NOTATION;248
11.2.7;7. REFERENCES;248
11.3;Chapter 37. CONTROLLING MOISTURE LOSS AS A TOOL TO REDUCE BRUISE SUSCEPTIBILITY;256
11.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;256
11.3.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;257
11.3.3;3. RESULTS;258
11.3.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;259
11.3.5;REFERENCES;260
11.3.6;TABLES AND FIGURES;260
11.4;Chapter 38. APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL DATA TO QUALITY CONTROL OF MINIMALLY PROCESSED APPLES;264
11.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;264
11.4.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHOD;265
11.4.3;3. RESULTS;265
11.4.4;4. DISCUSSION;267
11.4.5;5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;268
11.4.6;REFERENCES;268
11.5;Chapter 39. OFF-LINE COLOUR MACHINE VISION FOR ANALYSING THE BISCUIT BAKING PROCESS;270
11.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;270
11.5.2;2. PRESENTATION OF THE SYSTEM;271
11.5.3;3. DIMENSIONAL CONTROL;271
11.5.4;4. COLOUR MEASUREMENT;272
11.5.5;5. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES;275
11.5.6;6. REFERENCES;275
11.6;Chapter 40. EVALUATION OF STARCH MODIFICATIONS FROM THERMO-MECHANICAL PROCESSES BY NMR;276
11.6.1;1. INTRODUCTION;276
11.6.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;277
11.6.3;3. RESULTS;278
11.6.4;4. CONCLUSION;280
11.6.5;5. REFERENCES;280
11.7;Chapter 41. SHAPE RECOGNITION ALGORITHM USING SIMULATED RETINAL FUNCTION FOR GRAFTING ROBOT SYSTEM;282
11.7.1;1. INTRODUCTION;282
11.7.2;2. EXAMPLES OF USING 2 DIMENSIONAL FFT;284
11.7.3;3. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND METHOD;284
11.7.4;4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;285
11.7.5;5. PICTURE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN A POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM;287
11.7.6;6. CONCLUSION;287
11.8;Chapter 42. CONTROL OF THE STATE OF INTRACELLULAR WATER FOR HIGH QUALITY STORAGE;288
11.8.1;1. INTRODUCTION;288
11.8.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;288
11.8.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;289
11.8.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;292
11.8.5;REFERENCES;292
11.9;Chapter 43. F.T.-1R / ATR SPECTROMETER AS AT-LINE SUGAR SENSOR IN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS;294
11.9.1;1. INTRODUCTION;294
11.9.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;294
11.9.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;295
11.9.4;4. CONCLUSION;298
11.9.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;298
11.9.6;REFERENCES;298
12;Part VIII: QUALITY CONTROL;306
12.1;Chapter 44. NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE TESTING TO PREDICT SUCROSE AND MALIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS OF MANGOES;300
12.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;300
12.1.2;2. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE;300
12.1.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;301
12.1.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;304
12.1.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;304
12.1.6;REFERENCES;304
12.2;Chapter 45. Effects of storage conditions, fruit coatings and packaging on the marketable life of passionfruiL;306
12.2.1;Summary;306
12.2.2;Introduction;306
12.2.3;Materials And Methods;307
12.2.4;Results;307
12.2.5;Discussion;312
12.2.6;Acknowledgments;313
12.2.7;References;313
12.3;Chapter 46. POSTHARVEST OPERATIONS AND QUALITY OF RAPESEED;316
12.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;316
12.3.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHODS;317
12.3.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;318
12.3.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;319
12.3.5;5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;319
12.3.6;6. REFERENCES;319
12.4;Chapter 47. EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE ON THE EXTENSION OF POSTHARVEST QUALITIES AND STORAGE LIFE OF TOMATOES;320
12.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;320
12.4.2;2. MATERIAL AND METHODS;321
12.4.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;321
12.4.4;4. CONCLUSION;324
12.4.5;REFERENCES;324
12.5;Chapter 48. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ON-LINE DEVICE FOR FIRMNESS SENSING OF TOMATOES;326
12.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;326
12.5.2;2. SYSTEM DESIGN;327
12.5.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;327
12.5.4;4. CONCLUSION;328
12.5.5;ACKNOWLEGDMENTS;328
12.5.6;REFERENCES;328
13;AUTHOR INDEX;330