Davydova The Present Perfect in Non-Native Englishes

A Corpus-Based Study of Variation
1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-3-11-025502-7
Verlag: De Gruyter
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, Band 77, 353 Seiten

Reihe: Topics in English Linguistics [TiEL]

This is an innovative study of variation among linguistic items in what has been traditionally described as present perfect contexts. The study offers analyses of new data sets taken from an interestingly diverse set of non-native Englishes. While comprising traditional second-language varieties such as Indian English, Singapore English, East African English in the investigation of the present perfect, the study extends its scope to cover learner varieties of English spoken in Russia and Germany.The author takes her reader on an amazing variationist journey around the globe, revealing chapter after chapter the commonalities and differences in the patterns of use of the English present perfect and, finally, developing a comprehensive perspective allowing for robust generalisations across numerous data sets.Moreover, empirical data serves as a baseline for taking a stand on a number of currently debated issues in variationist sociolinguistics, research on second language acquisition as well as research on linguistic complexity. Thus operating on the interface of various linguistic paradigms, the book addresses a vast audience including students of linguistics and researchers with various fields of specialization.

Zielgruppe

Students of Linguistics, Researchers specializing in the Fields of Second Language Acquisition, World Englishes, Morphosyntactic Variation, as well as Linguistic Complexity

Autoren/Hrsg.

Davydova, Julia

Fachgebiete

• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Fremdsprachenerwerb und -didaktik
• Sozialwissenschaften Soziologie | Soziale Arbeit Spezielle Soziologie Sprachsoziologie
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Einzelne Sprachen & Sprachfamilien
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Soziolinguistik
• Geisteswissenschaften Sprachwissenschaft Mehrsprachigkeit

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;6
2;Acknowledgements;13
3;1. Introduction;16
3.1;1.1. General background;16
3.2;1.2. Research questions and goals;19
3.3;1.3. Previous studies on the present perfect;21
3.4;1.4. Principal definitions of the study;22
3.4.1;1.4.1. Working terminology;22
3.4.2;1.4.2. Native speaker vs. non-native speaker;23
3.4.3;1.4.3. Second language vs. foreign language;24
3.4.4;1.4.4. Language acquisition vs. language learning;24
3.4.5;1.4.5. Simplification;26
3.4.6;1.4.6. Avoidance strategies;27
3.4.7;1.4.7. Transfer;27
3.4.8;1.4.8. Varieties vs. interlanguage;29
3.4.9;1.4.9. Acrolect, mesolect, basilect;30
3.5;1.5. Outline of the book;31
4;2. Non-native varieties of English;33
4.1;2.1. Foreign-speaker varieties of English;33
4.1.1;2.1.1. Case study: English in Russia;38
4.1.1.1;2.1.1.1. History;38
4.1.1.2;2.1.1.2. English in Russia: some social aspects;39
4.1.1.3;2.1.1.3. Essential characteristics of the English spoken in Russia: from acrolect to basilect;41
4.2;2.2. Second-language varieties of English;44
4.2.1;2.2.1. Case study: Indian English;44
4.2.1.1;2.2.1.1. History;44
4.2.1.2;2.2.1.2. Indian English: some social aspects;47
4.2.1.3;2.2.1.3. Essential characteristics of Indian English;49
4.2.1.3.1;2.2.1.3.1. Acrolectal varieties of Indian English;50
4.2.1.3.2;2.2.1.3.2. Basilectal varieties of Indian English;54
4.3;2.3. Summary;55
5;3. Some theoretical preliminaries;57
5.1;3.1. The category of tense;57
5.2;3.2. The category of aspect;60
5.2.1;3.2.1. Aktionsart;62
5.3;3.3. The present perfect: tense or aspect?;64
5.4;3.4. Summary;65
6;4. Towards a theoretical explanation for variation between the present perfect and preterite;67
6.1;4.1. Thepretente;67
6.2;4.2. The present perfect;69
6.2.1;4.2.1. The meaning of the present perfect;71
6.2.1.1;4.2.1.1. The resultative perfect;72
6.2.1.2;4.2.1.2. The extended-now perfect;73
6.2.1.3;4.2.1.3. The experiential perfect;75
6.2.1.4;4.2.1.4. The perfect of recent past;76
6.3;4.3. Semantics of the perfect and preterite: Contrastive analysis;77
6.4;4.4. Limitations of the semantic analysis of the perfect and preterite;81
6.4.1;4.4.1. Analysis of the collocation of the perfect and preterite with other elements in the sentence;82
6.4.2;4.4.2. Pragmatic analysis of the perfect and preterite;85
6.4.2.1;4.4.2.1. The preterite and pragmatic discourse;86
6.4.2.2;4.4.2.2. The perfect and pragmatic discourse;87
6.5;4.5. Summary;88
7;5. The notion of complexity and the English present perfect;90
7.1;5.1. Complexity in the history of linguistics;91
7.1.1;5.1.1. Absolute approach vs. relative approach to measuring complexity;93
7.2;5.2. Complexity in language;95
7.2.1;5.2.1. Phonology;95
7.2.2;5.2.2. Grammar;95
7.2.2.1;5.2.2.1. Syntax;96
7.2.2.2;5.2.2.2. Inflectional Morphology;96
7.3;5.3. Definitions of complexity adopted in this study for evaluating the linguistic status of the English present perfect;97
7.3.1;5.3.1. Complexity in morphology;97
7.3.2;5.3.2. Complexity as a function of strategies employed in structure formation;98
7.3.3;5.3.3. Complexity of temporal relations;99
7.3.4;5.3.4. Complexity in semantics;99
7.3.5;5.3.5. Learners’ complexity;99
7.3.6;5.3.6. Complexity and frequency;100
7.4;5.4. The English present perfect as a complex category;100
7.4.1;5.4.1. Structural make-up ofthe English present perfect;102
7.4.2;5.4.2. Expression of temporal relations by the English present perfect;103
7.4.3;5.4.3. Semantic composition and polysemy of the English present perfect;104
7.4.4;5.4.4. The order of acquisition of the English present perfect;105
7.4.5;5.4.5. The English present perfect and frequency;112
7.4.6;5.4.6. The English present perfect as a complex category: Some additional arguments;114
8;6. Metrics of complexity;116
8.1;6.1. Complexity as a degree of language-internal variation;117
8.2;6.2. Complexity as L2 acquisition difficulty;122
8.3;6.3. Summary;124
9;7. Empirical design of the study and methodology;125
9.1;7.1. Data: Some general comments;125
9.1.1;7.1.1. Large-scale corpora;126
9.1.2;7.1.2. Small-scale corpora;127
9.1.2.1;7.1.2.1. Small-scale corpora: sample design and sociolinguistic hypotheses;127
9.1.3;7.1.3. Large-scale and small-scale corpora: hypotheses concerning language-internal variation;130
9.2;7.2. Collecting data;133
9.3;7.3. Identifying the variable context and coding the data;134
9.3.1;7.3.1. Classifying tokens according to semantic context;139
9.3.1.1;7.3.1.1. Identifying extended-now contexts;140
9.3.1.2;7.3.1.2. Identifying resultative contexts;141
9.3.1.3;7.3.1.3. Identifying experiential contexts;143
9.3.1.4;7.3.1.4. Identifying contexts of recentpast;144
9.3.2;7.3.2. Classifying tokens according to Aktionsart;146
9.3.3;7.3.3. Classifying tokens according to transitivity;153
9.4;7.4. Methods;157
9.5;7.5. Summary;158
10;8. The reference variety of Standard English English (LLC);159
10.1;8.1. Data;159
10.2;8.2. Quantitative analysis;160
10.2.1;8.2.1. Distributional analysis;160
10.2.1.1;8.2.1.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;160
10.2.1.2;8.2.1.2. The present perfect and preterite in present perfect contexts;162
10.2.2;8.2.2. Multivariate analysis;167
10.2.3;8.2.3. Discussion of findings;172
10.3;8.3. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;171
10.4;8.4. Summary;174
11;9. Acrolectal variety of Indian English (HCNVE);175
11.1;9.1. Sociolinguistic history of Indian English;175
11.2;9.2. Data;175
11.3;9.3. Quantitative analysis;176
11.3.1;9.3.1. Distributional analysis;176
11.3.1.1;9.3.1.1. Extra-linguistic factors;176
11.3.1.2;9.3.1.2. Language-internal factors;177
11.3.1.2.1;9.3.1.2.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;177
11.3.1.2.2;9.3.1.2.2. The present perfect and preterite in present perfect contexts;178
11.3.2;9.3.2. Multivariate analysis;182
11.3.3;9.3.3. Discussion of findings;183
11.4;9.4. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;185
11.5;9.5. Summary;188
12;10. Upper-mesolectal variety of Indian English (ICE);189
12.1;10.1. Data;189
12.1.1;10.2. Quantitative analysis;190
12.1.1.1;10.2.1. Distributional analysis;190
12.1.1.1.1;10.2.1.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;190
12.1.1.1.2;10.2.1.2. The present perfect and preterite in present perfect contexts;197
12.1.1.2;10.2.2. Multivariate analysis;200
12.1.1.3;10.2.3. Discussion of findings;203
12.1.2;10.3. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;203
12.1.3;10.4. Summary;205
13;11. Mesolectal variety of Indian English (HCNVE);207
13.1;11.1. Data;207
13.2;11.2. Quantitative analysis;207
13.2.1;11.2.1. Distributional analysis;207
13.2.1.1;11.2.1.1. Extra-linguistic factors;207
13.2.1.2;11.2.1.2. Language-internal factors;208
13.2.1.2.1;11.2.1.2.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;208
13.2.1.2.2;11.2.1.2.2. The present perfect and preterite in present perfect contexts;212
13.2.2;11.2.2. Multivariate analysis;215
13.2.3;11.2.3. Discussion of findings;216
13.3;11.3. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;217
13.4;11.4. Summary;218
14;12. Basilectal variety of Indian English (HCNVE);220
14.1;12.1. Data;220
14.2;12.2. Quantitative analysis;220
14.2.1;12.2.1. Distributional analysis;220
14.2.1.1;12.2.1.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;220
14.2.1.2;12.2.1.2. The simple past tense in present perfect contexts;226
14.2.2;12.2.2. Multivariate analysis;229
14.2.2.1;12.2.2.1. Stages in the formal and functional development of the English tense-aspect morphology;230
14.2.3;12.2.3. Discussion of findings;232
14.3;12.3. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;233
14.4;12.4. Summary;233
15;13. Upper-mesolectal variety of East African English (ICE);235
15.1;13.1. Sociolinguistic history of East African English;235
15.2;13.2. Data;237
15.3;13.3. Quantitative analysis;238
15.3.1;13.3.1. Distributional analysis;238
15.3.1.1;13.3.1.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;238
15.3.1.2;13.3.1.2. The present perfect and preterite in present perfect contexts;240
15.3.2;13.3.2. Multivariate analysis;244
15.3.3;13.3.3. Discussion of findings;245
15.4;13.4. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;246
15.5;13.5. Summary;249
16;14. Upper-mesolectal variety of Singapore English (ICE);250
16.1;14.1. Sociolinguistic history of Singapore English;250
16.2;14.2. Data;251
16.3;14.3. Quantitative analysis;252
16.3.1;14.3.1. Distributional analysis;252
16.3.1.1;14.3.1.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;252
16.3.1.2;14.3.1.2. The present perfect and preterite in present perfect contexts;261
16.3.2;14.3.2. Multivariate analysis;265
16.3.3;14.3.3. Discussion of findings;267
16.4;14.4. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;268
16.5;14.5. Summary;270
17;15. Mesolectal variety of English spoken in Russia (HCNVE);272
17.1;15.1. Sociolinguistic history of English spoken in Russia;272
17.2;15.2. Data;272
17.3;15.3. Quantitative analysis;273
17.3.1;15.3.1. Distributional analysis;273
17.3.1.1;15.3.1.1. Extra-linguistic factors;273
17.3.1.2;15.3.1.2. Language-internal factors;274
17.3.1.2.1;15.3.1.2.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;274
17.3.1.2.2;15.3.1.2.2. The present perfect and preterite in present perfect contexts;280
17.3.2;15.3.2. Multivariate analysis;283
17.3.3;15.3.3. Discussion of findings;285
17.4;15.4. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;286
17.5;15.5. Summary;287
18;16. Mesolectal variety of English spoken in Germany (HCNVE);289
18.1;16.1. Sociolinguistic history of English spoken in Germany;289
18.2;16.2. Data;290
18.3;16.3. Quantitative analysis;290
18.3.1;16.3.1. Distributional analysis;290
18.3.1.1;16.3.1.1. Extra-linguistic factors;290
18.3.1.2;16.3.1.2. Language-internal factors;291
18.3.1.2.1;16.3.1.2.1. Variation in present perfect contexts;291
18.3.1.2.2;16.3.1.2.2. The present perfect and preterite in present perfect contexts;296
18.3.2;16.3.2. Multivariate analysis;299
18.3.3;16.3.3. Discussion of findings;302
18.4;16.4. Qualitative analysis: The present perfect in definite past time reference contexts;303
18.5;16.5. Contrastive summary;303
19;17. Developing a bird’s-eye perspective on the variability of the present perfect across non-native Englishes;306
19.1;17.1. Metrics of complexity;306
19.1.1;17.1.1. Complexity as adegree of language-internal variation;310
19.1.2;17.1.2. Complexity as L2 acquisition difficulty;311
19.2;17.2. Complexity of the English present perfect and its repercussions for a non-native grammar;312
19.3;17.3. The concept of current relevance;316
19.4;17.4. Summary;320
20;18. Concluding remarks;321
21;Abbreviations;325
22;References;326
23;Corpora;346
24;Appendix 1;347
25;Appendix 2;349
26;Index;353

Über Autor(innen)

Davydova, Julia
Julia Davydova, University of Hamburg, Germany