Das Polymeric Materials for Clean Water

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-030-00743-0
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 194 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials

This book gives an overview of recent developments in the synthesis of macromolecules for water purification applications. The preparation of these polymers from organic and inorganic starting materials is described. Important post-polymerization modifications, introduction of functional groups and production of supramolecular assemblies and nanomaterials are shown. The synthesized materials are presented with their interesting properties and broad areas of applications. A comprehensive discussion about the engineering aspect and the usage in water treatment as well as environmental issues is given. The wide variety of materials and their synthesis techniques will encourage scientists in developing new synthesis routes and materials, whereby engineers will be encouraged to find new possible applications.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Das, Rasel

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;1 Introduction;9
3.1;Abstract;9
3.2;1.1 Background;9
3.3;References and Future Reading;13
4;2 Mechanisms of Polymer Polymerization;14
4.1;Abstract;14
4.2;2.1 Introduction;14
4.3;2.2 Radical Polymerization;15
4.4;2.3 Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization;26
4.5;2.4 Ionic Polymerization;33
4.6;2.5 Stereoregulation in Radical and Ionic Polymerization;42
4.7;2.6 Coordination Polymerization;43
4.8;2.7 Ring-Opening Polymerization;50
4.9;2.8 Multimode Polymerization;54
4.10;2.9 Summary and Future Directions;58
4.11;References and Further Readings;58
5;3 Polymer’s Characterization and Properties;66
5.1;Abstract;66
5.2;3.1 Introduction;67
5.3;3.2 Polymer Characterizations;67
5.3.1;3.2.1 Mass Spectrometry;67
5.3.2;3.2.2 Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC);68
5.3.3;3.2.3 X-ray Diffraction (XRD);69
5.3.4;3.2.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR);70
5.3.5;3.2.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR);72
5.3.6;3.2.6 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS);74
5.4;3.3 Polymer Properties;76
5.4.1;3.3.1 Physical Properties;76
5.4.2;3.3.2 Chemical Properties;76
5.5;3.4 Summary;79
5.6;References and Future Readings;79
6;4 Polymers for Coagulation and Flocculation in Water Treatment;83
6.1;Abstract;83
6.2;4.1 Introduction;83
6.3;4.2 Polymeric Materials;84
6.4;4.3 Polymers in Coagulation–Flocculation;85
6.4.1;4.3.1 Synthetic Polymeric Coagulants;86
6.4.2;4.3.2 Natural Polymeric Coagulants;87
6.5;4.4 The Underlying Mechanisms of the Process of CF;88
6.6;4.5 A Peep into the Peculiarities of Polymeric Coagulants and the Operational CF Mechanism(S);92
6.7;4.6 Research Gap;94
6.8;4.7 Summary;95
6.9;References and Future Reading;96
7;5 Polymer and Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Adsorbents for Water Treatment;99
7.1;Abstract;99
7.2;5.1 Introduction;99
7.3;5.2 Polymer Adsorbent for Organic Pollutants;100
7.3.1;5.2.1 Nonpolar Polymer for Hydrophobic Organic Pollutant;101
7.3.2;5.2.2 Polar Polymer for Hydrophilic Organic Pollutant;102
7.3.3;5.2.3 Advanced Polymer Adsorbents;105
7.3.3.1;5.2.3.1 Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers;105
7.3.3.2;5.2.3.2 Bifunctional Polymer Adsorbents for Water-Soluble Organic Compounds;108
7.4;5.3 Polymer Adsorbents for Inorganic Pollutant;110
7.4.1;5.3.1 Polymers for Cationic Adsorption;111
7.4.1.1;5.3.1.1 Polymeric Cation Exchanger;111
7.4.1.2;5.3.1.2 Polymer Chelating Adsorbents;111
7.4.1.3;5.3.1.3 Polymer-Based Nanocomposite Adsorbents;112
7.4.2;5.3.2 Polymer for Inorganic Anions;115
7.5;5.4 Summary;118
7.6;References;119
8;6 Polymer-Based Catalysts for Water Purification: Fundamentals to Applications;126
8.1;Abstract;126
8.2;6.1 Introduction;126
8.3;6.2 Synthetic Methods;127
8.4;6.3 Properties;131
8.4.1;6.3.1 Photocatalysts;131
8.4.2;6.3.2 Catalytic Supports;134
8.4.3;6.3.3 Photosensitizers;134
8.5;6.4 Applications;136
8.5.1;6.4.1 Dyes;136
8.5.2;6.4.2 Hydrocarbons;139
8.5.3;6.4.3 Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals;142
8.6;6.5 Summary;146
8.7;References and Future Readings;147
9;7 Polymers as Water Disinfectants;154
9.1;Abstract;154
9.2;7.1 Introduction;154
9.3;7.2 Antimicrobial Polymers for Controlling Water Microbes;155
9.4;7.3 Properties of Chitosan;157
9.5;7.4 Chitosan Synthesis;159
9.6;7.5 Chitosan in Water Disinfection;161
9.6.1;7.5.1 Chitosan Nanocomposite as Superior Water Disinfectant;163
9.7;7.6 Summary;166
9.8;References and Future Readings;166
10;8 Polymers for Membrane Filtration in Water Purification;171
10.1;Abstract;171
10.2;8.1 Introduction;172
10.3;8.2 Polymers Used for Membrane Filtration;173
10.3.1;8.2.1 Polymers for RO;173
10.3.2;8.2.2 Polymers for NF;178
10.3.3;8.2.3 Polymers for UF;179
10.3.4;8.2.4 Polymers for MF;185
10.4;8.3 Summary;186
10.5;References and Future Readings;187