Das Nanohybrid Catalyst based on Carbon Nanotube

A Step-By-Step Guideline from Preparation to Demonstration
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-319-58151-4
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 159 Seiten

Reihe: Carbon Nanostructures

This book introduces carbon nanotubes as a matrix for efficient nanohybrid catalysis. The preparation and use of such materials in ultra-grade water purification is described. Simple chemical methods for purification and functionalization of carbon nanotubes prior to their use is also detailed. The author also discusses the potential use of nanotube-based nanobiohybrid catalysts in the removal of organic pollutants.

Rasel Das is a Leibniz-DAAD scholar and Postdoctoral Research Fellow (PDRF) at the Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM), Leipzig, Germany. He is also a Consultant in Water Desalination and Transport Division for the MHD Technology Corp. NY, USA. 

Autoren/Hrsg.

Das, Rasel

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Contents;8
3;Abbreviations;12
4;1 Introduction;18
4.1;Abstract;18
4.2;1.1 Background;18
4.3;1.2 Why Fresh Water Facility has Shrunk Day by Day?;19
4.4;1.3 Can We Tackle the Water Pollution?;20
4.5;1.4 Carbon Nanotube: an Enchant Nanomaterial;21
4.5.1;1.4.1 Carbon Nanotube Synthesis;26
4.5.2;1.4.2 Carbon Nanotube Growth Mechanisms;27
4.6;1.5 Enzyme: an Unsung Hero for Water Purification;29
4.6.1;1.5.1 Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase: an Enzyme for Water Treatment;30
4.6.2;1.5.2 Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase Immobilized on Carbon Nanotube;30
4.7;1.6 What are the Problems that We Fixed Here?;32
4.7.1;1.6.1 Purification of Pristine Carbon Nanotube;32
4.7.2;1.6.2 Solubilization of Carbon Nanotube;33
4.7.3;1.6.3 Development and Characterizations of Nanobiohybrid Catalyst;33
4.7.4;1.6.4 Nanobiohybrid Catalyst for Pollutant Removal;34
4.8;1.7 Conclusions;35
4.9;References and Future Readings;35
5;2 Carbon Nanotube in Water Treatment;40
5.1;Abstract;40
5.2;2.1 Background;40
5.3;2.2 Water Scarcity and Its Consequences;42
5.4;2.3 Threats to Conventional Water Treatment Technologies;47
5.5;2.4 Carbon Nanotube Scaffold Functions in Water Purifications;48
5.5.1;2.4.1 Adsorption;48
5.5.2;2.4.2 Hybrid Catalysis;50
5.5.2.1;2.4.2.1 Photocatalysis;53
5.5.2.2;2.4.2.2 Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation;54
5.5.2.3;2.4.2.3 Nanobiohybrid Catalysis;54
5.5.3;2.4.3 Desalination;58
5.5.4;2.4.4 Disinfection;59
5.5.5;2.4.5 Sensing and Monitoring;60
5.5.6;2.4.6 Research Gaps and Challenges;61
5.6;2.5 Conclusions;63
5.7;References and Future Readings;64
6;3 Carbon Nanotube Purification;72
6.1;Abstract;72
6.2;3.1 Background;72
6.3;3.2 Literature Review;73
6.3.1;3.2.1 What are the Impurities Commonly Associated with the Pristine CNT?;73
6.3.2;3.2.2 What Kinds of Characterization Methods are? Commonly Used for CNT Impurities Detection?;74
6.3.3;3.2.3 What are  the Methods Necessary ?for CNT Purification?;74
6.3.4;3.2.4 What Challenges Does Exist with CNT Purification?;75
6.4;3.3 Materials and Methods;77
6.4.1;3.3.1 Materials and Reagents;77
6.4.2;3.3.2 Instrumentation;77
6.4.3;3.3.3 Wet Chemical Treatments of MWCNT;77
6.4.3.1;3.3.3.1 Removal of Residual Impurities;78
6.4.3.2;3.3.3.2 Stock Solution Preparation and Solubility Measurement;78
6.5;3.4 Results;78
6.5.1;3.4.1 Predicted Chemical Reactions of HCl, H2O2, and KOH with MWCNT;78
6.5.2;3.4.2 TEM Analysis;80
6.5.3;3.4.3 EDX Analysis;81
6.5.4;3.4.4 ATR-IR Analysis;82
6.5.5;3.4.5 Raman Spectroscopy Analysis;83
6.5.6;3.4.6 TGA Analysis;83
6.5.7;3.4.7 Colloidal Stability Measurement;85
6.6;3.5 Discussion;85
6.7;3.6 Conclusions;87
6.8;References and Future Readings;88
7;4 Carbon Nanotube Functionalizations;91
7.1;Abstract;91
7.2;4.1 Background;91
7.3;4.2 Literature Review;92
7.3.1;4.2.1 Is CNT Hydrophobic in Nature?;92
7.3.2;4.2.2 What are the Strategies Commonly Used for CNT Solubilization?;93
7.3.2.1;4.2.2.1 Covalent Modification of CNT;93
7.3.3;4.2.3 Non-covalent Modification of CNT;95
7.4;4.3 Materials and Methods;98
7.4.1;4.3.1 Materials and Reagents;98
7.4.2;4.3.2 Instrumentation;99
7.4.3;4.3.3 Wet Chemical Oxidations of MWCNT;99
7.4.3.1;4.3.3.1 Removal of the Residual Impurities;99
7.4.3.2;4.3.3.2 Total Acidic and Basic Groups Quantification;100
7.4.3.3;4.3.3.3 Stock Solution Preparations and Solubility Measurements;100
7.5;4.4 Results;100
7.5.1;4.4.1 Predicted Chemical Reactions of HNO3/H2O2 and KMnO4 with MWCNT;100
7.5.2;4.4.2 XPS Analysis of MWCNT;102
7.5.3;4.4.3 Titration Analysis;103
7.5.4;4.4.4 TEM Analysis;106
7.5.5;4.4.5 Raman Spectroscopy Analysis;107
7.5.6;4.4.6 TGA Analysis;108
7.5.7;4.4.7 Colloidal Stability of MWCNT;109
7.6;4.5 Discussion;111
7.7;4.6 Conclusions;116
7.8;References and Future Readings;116
8;5 Nanobiohybrid Preparation;121
8.1;Abstract;121
8.2;5.1 Background;121
8.3;5.2 Literature Review;123
8.3.1;5.2.1 Enzyme Immobilization onto CNT Using Non-covalent Approach;124
8.3.1.1;5.2.1.1 Physical Adsorption;124
8.3.1.2;5.2.1.2 Polymers Mediated Enzyme Immobilization;125
8.3.1.3;5.2.1.3 Biomolecules Mediated Enzyme Immobilization;125
8.3.1.4;5.2.1.4 Surfactant Mediated Enzyme Immobilization;126
8.3.1.5;5.2.1.5 Layer-by-Layer Approach for Enzyme Immobilization;126
8.3.2;5.2.2 Enzyme Immobilization onto CNT Using Covalent Approach;127
8.3.3;5.2.3 Target Enzyme for Attachment with the CNT;128
8.4;5.3 Materials and Methods;129
8.4.1;5.3.1 Materials and Reagents;129
8.4.2;5.3.2 Instrumentation;130
8.4.3;5.3.3 Preparation of F-MWCNT;130
8.4.3.1;5.3.3.1 Determination of F/O-MWCNT Water Solubility;131
8.4.4;5.3.4 Preparation of Nanobiohybrid;131
8.4.4.1;5.3.4.1 Optimization of Nanobiohybrid Preparation;131
8.4.4.2;5.3.4.2 Determination of 3,4-POD Concentrations;132
8.4.4.3;5.3.4.3 Nanobiohybrid Activity Assays;132
8.5;5.4 Results;132
8.5.1;5.4.1 Characterization of F-MWCNT;132
8.5.2;5.4.2 Characterization of Nanobiohybrid;133
8.5.3;5.4.3 Optimization of Nanobiohybrid;136
8.6;5.5 Discussion;137
8.7;5.6 Conclusions;140
8.8;References and Future Readings;140
9;6 Nanobiohybrid for Water Treatment;145
9.1;Abstract;145
9.2;6.1 Background;145
9.3;6.2 Literature Review;146
9.4;6.3 Materials and Methods;149
9.4.1;6.3.1 Materials and Reagents;149
9.4.2;6.3.2 Free 3,4-POD and Nanobiohybrid Activity Assays;149
9.4.3;6.3.3 Free 3,4-POD and Nanobiohybrid Stability Assays;150
9.4.4;6.3.4 Removal of 3,4-DHBA;150
9.4.5;6.3.5 Data Analysis;151
9.5;6.4 Results;151
9.5.1;6.4.1 Effects of pH and Temperature on Free 3,4-POD and Nanobiohybrid Activities;151
9.5.2;6.4.2 Kinetic Analyses of Free 3,4-POD and Nanobiohybrid;152
9.5.3;6.4.3 Stability Studies of Free 3,4-POD and Nanobiohybrid;153
9.5.4;6.4.4 Degradation Kinetics of 3,4-DHBA;153
9.6;6.5 Discussion;155
9.7;6.6 Conclusions;157
9.8;References and Future Readings;157