Dancey / Reidy / Rowe Statistics for the Health Sciences

A Non-Mathematical Introduction
1. Auflage 2012
ISBN: 978-1-4462-5873-6
Verlag: SAGE Publications
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 584 Seiten, Format (B × H): 178 mm x 229 mm

Statistics for the Health Sciences is a highly readable and accessible textbook on understanding statistics for the health sciences, both conceptually and via the SPSS programme. The authors give clear explanations of the concepts underlying statistical analyses and descriptions of how these analyses are applied in health science research without complex maths formulae. The textbook takes students from the basics of research design, hypothesis testing and descriptive statistical techniques through to more advanced inferential statistical tests that health science students are likely to encounter. The strengths and weaknesses of different techniques are critically appraised throughout, and the authors emphasise how they may be used both in research and to inform best practice care in health settings. Exercises and tips throughout the book allow students to practice using SPSS. The companion website provides further practical experience of conducting statistical analyses. Features include: • multiple choice questions for both student and lecturer use • full Powerpoint slides for lecturers • practical exercises using SPSS • additional practical exercises using SAS and R This is an essential textbook for students studying beginner and intermediate level statistics across the health sciences.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Dancey, Christine

Reidy, John

Rowe, Richard

Fachgebiete

• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Pflege Krankenpflege
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Medizinische Mathematik & Informatik
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Medizin, Gesundheitswesen Public Health, Gesundheitsmanagement, Gesundheitsökonomie, Gesundheitspolitik
• Medizin | Veterinärmedizin Medizin | Public Health | Pharmazie | Zahnmedizin Pflege Ausbildung in der Pflege

Inhaltsverzeichnis

PART ONE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Overview
The Research Process
Concepts and Variables
Levels of Measurement
Hypothesis Testing
Evidence-Based Practice
Research Designs
Multiple Choice Questions
PART TWO: COMPUTER-ASSISTED ANALYSIS
Overview
Overview of the Three Statistical Packages
Introduction to SPSS
Setting out Your Variables for Within - and Between-Group Designs
Introduction to R
Introduction to SAS
Summary
Exercises
PART THREE: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Overview
Anaylsing Data
Descriptive Statistics
Numerical Descriptive Statistics
Choosing a Measure of Central Tendency
Measures of Variation or Dispersion
Deviations from the Mean
Numerical Descriptives in SPSS
Graphical Statistics
Bar Charts
Line Graphs
Incorporating Variability into Graphs
Generating Graphs with Standard Deviations in SPSS
Graphs Showing Dispersion - Frequency Histogram
Box-Plots
Summary
SPSS Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions
PART FOUR: THE BASIS OF STATISTICAL TESTING
Overview
Introduction
Samples and Populations
Distributions
Statistical Significance
Criticisms of NHST
Generating Confidence Intervals in SPSS
Summary
SPSS Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions
PART FIVE: EPIDEMIOLOGY
Overview
Introduction
Estimating the Prevalence of Disease
Difficulties in Estimating Prevalence
Beyond Prevalence: Identifying Risk Factors for Disease
Risk Ratios
The Odds-Ratio
Establishing Causality
Case-Control Studies
Cohort Studies
Experimental Designs
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART SIX: INTRODUCTION TO DATA SCREENING AND CLEANING
Overview
Introduction
Minimising Problems at the Design Stage
Entering Data into Databases/Statistical Packages
The Dirty Dataset
Accuracy
Using Descriptive Statistics to Help Identify Errors
Missing Data
Spotting Missing Data
Normality
Screening Groups Separately
Reporting Data Screning and Cleaning Procedures
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART SEVEN: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO GROUPS
Overview
Introduction
Conceptual Description of the t-Tests
Generalising to the Population
Independent Groups t-Test in SPSS
Cohen's d
Paired t-Test in SPSS
Two-Sample z-Test
Non-Parametric Tests
Mann-Whitney: for Independent Groups
Mann-Whitney Test in SPSS
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test: For Repeated Measures
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test in SPSS
Adjusting for Multiple Tests
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART EIGHT: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THREE OR MORE CONDITIONS
Overview
Introduction
Conceptual Description of the (Parametric) ANOVA
One-Way ANOVA
One-way ANOVA in SPSS
ANOVA Models for Repeated-Measures Designs
Repeated Measures ANOVA in SPSS
Non-parametric Equivalents
The Kruskal-Wallis Test
Kruskal-Wallis and the Median Test in SPSS
The Median Test
Friedman's ANOVA for Repeated Measures
Friedman's ANOVA in SPSS
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART NINE: TESTING ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
Overview
Introduction
Rationale of Contingency Table Analysis
Running the Analysis in SPSS
Measuring Effect Size in Contingency Table Analysis
Larger Contingency Tables
Contingency Table Analysis Assumptions
The X2 Goodness of Fit Test
Running the X2 Goodness of Fit Test Using SPSS
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART TEN: MEASURING AGREEMENT: CORRELATIONAL TECHNIQUES
Overview
Introduction
Bivariate Relationships
Perfect Correlations
Calculating the Correlation Pearson's R Using SPSS.
How to obtain Scatterplots
Variance Explanation of R
Obtaining Correlational Analysis in SPSS: Exercise
Partial Correlations
Shared and Unique Variance: Conceptual Understanding Relating to Partial Corrections
Spearman's Rho
Other uses for Correlational Techniques
Reliability of Measures
Internal Consistency
Inter Rater Reliability
Validity
Percentage Agreement
Cohen's Kappa
Summary
Multiple Choice Questions
PART 11: LINEAR REGRESSION
Overview
Introduction
Linear Regression in SPSS
Obtaining teh Scatt