Buch, Englisch, 352 Seiten, Format (B × H): 160 mm x 241 mm, Gewicht: 1550 g
ISBN: 978-0-7514-0025-0
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
The analysis of surfactants presents many problems to the analyst. This book has been written by an experienced team of surfactant analysts, to give practical help in this difficult field. Readers will find the accessible text and clear description of methods, along with extensive references, an invaluable aid in their work.
Zielgruppe
Research
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie Analytische Chemie
- Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Technologie der Oberflächenbeschichtung
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie Organische Chemie Polymerchemie
- Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Materialwissenschaft: Polymerwerkstoffe
- Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Technologie der Kunststoffe und Polymere
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie Physikalische Chemie
Weitere Infos & Material
1 Introduction.- 1.1 Why analyse surfactants?.- 1.2 Sampling.- 1.3 Features peculiar to surfactant analysis.- 1.4 Calculations.- 1.5 Accuracy and precision.- 1.6 Analysis of competitors’ products.- 1.7 National and international standards.- References.- 2 Surfactant types; classification, identification, separation.- 2.1 Definitions.- 2.2 Common types of surfactants of all four classes.- 2.3 Classification of surfactants using indicators.- 2.4 Classification by acid and alkaline hydrolysis.- 2.5 Elemental analysis.- 2.6 Spectroscopic identification.- 2.7 Separation/extraction techniques.- 3 Basic techniques.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Extraction of surfactants.- 3.3 Acid-base titration.- 3.4 Potentiometrie titration.- 3.5 Methods for esters, amines, alcohols and unsaturated fatty materials.- 3.6 Two-phase titration of ionic surfactants with surfactants of opposite charge.- 3.7 Potentiometrie titration with surfactants of opposite charge using a surfactant-sensitive electrode.- 3.8 Direct potentiometry: calculation of results.- 3.9 Open-column chromatography.- References.- 4 Ion exchange.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 What is ion exchange?.- 4.3 Ion-exchange media.- 4.4 Properties of ion-exchange resins.- 4.5 Guidelines on using ion-exchange resins.- 4.6 Practical applications of ion exchange.- 4.7 Analysis of column effluents.- References.- 5 Analysis of anionics.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 General methods.- 5.3 Alkyl, alkylether and alkylphenylether sulphates.- 5.4 Monoalkanolamide and ethoxylated monoalkanolamide sulphates.- 5.5 Mono- and diglyceride sulphates.- 5.6 Alkylbenzene sulphonates.- 5.7 Alkane sulphonates.- 5.8 Alpha-olefin sulphonates.- 5.9 Oil-soluble sulphonates.- 5.10 Acyl isethionates.- 5.11 Fatty ester ?-sulphonates.- 5.12 Mono- and dialkylsulphosuccinates.-5.13 Sulphonated amides.- 5.14 Carboxylates.- 5.15 Alkyl and alkyether phosphates.- References.- 6 Analysis of nonionics.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Ethoxylated alcohols, alkylphenols and fatty acids.- 6.3 Block copolymers of ethylene and propylene oxide.- 6.4 Esters of polyhydroxy compounds and ethoxylated derivatives.- 6.5 Alkylpolyglycosides.- 6.6 Alkanolamides and ethoxylated alkanolamides.- 6.6.5 Determination of free ethanolamine, ester amine and free fatty acid or glycerol.- 6.6.6 Determination of ethanolamide, amide ester and methyl ester or glycerides.- References.- 7 Analysis of cationics and amphoterics.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Quaternary ammonium salts.- 7.3 Carboxybetaines.- 7.4 Amphoterics with weakly basic nitrogen.- 7.5 Sulphobetaines.- 7.6 Amines.- 7.7 Fatty diamines: determination.- 7.8 Ethoxylated amines and diamines.- 7.9 Amine oxides 189 References.- 8 Analysis of mixtures without separation.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Mixtures of anionics.- 8.3 Mixtures of nonionics.- 8.4 Mixtures of cationics and amphoterics.- 8.5 Mixtures of anionics and cationics.- 8.6 Mixtures with more than one component in each class.- References.- 9 Chromatographic analysis of surfactants.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Gas chromatography.- 9.3 High performance liquid chromatography.- 9.4 Thin layer chromatography.- 9.5 Other techniques.- 9.6 Summary.- 9.7 References.- 10 Infrared spectroscopy.- 10.1 What infrared spectroscopy offers the analyst.- 10.2 Theory.- 10.3 The infrared spectrometer.- 10.4 Sample presentation.- 10.5 Data manipulations.- 10.6 Examples and applications.- 10.7 Multicomponent analysis.- 10.8 Buying a spectrometer.- 10.9 Further information.- References.- 11 Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Theory of NMR.- 11.3 The NMR spectrometer.- 11.4 The NMR sample.- 11.5 The NMR spectrum.- 11.6 Applications of NMR to surfactant analysis.- 11.6.6 Analysis of alkyl phosphate mixtures by 31P-NMR.- 12 Mass spectrometry.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Sample introduction.- 12.3 Methods of ionization.- 12.4 Mass analysis.- 12.5 Detection, sensitivity and data processing.- 12.6 Applications.- 12.6.6 FAB/LSIMS of amphoteric surfactants.- 12.6.7 EI MS of anionic surfactants.- References.- Appendix I List of ISO Standards relating to surfactant analysis.- Appendix II List of relevant ASTM Methods.
