Conn Paradigms for the Study of Behavior

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6937-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 496 Seiten, Web PDF

Methods in Neurosciences, Volume 14: Paradigms for the Study of Behavior is a collection of articles that describes the methods for measuring a wide range of behavior. This volume covers the means for measuring different behaviors, such as reproductive, maternal, sexual, aggression, social interactions, feeding behavior, memory analysis, and classical conditioning. The opening papers outline the proper conditions and practical considerations in which the researcher can study the sexual and reproductive behavior of animals in the laboratory. Another paper describes how to assess aggressiveness in rodents including ethical issues involved in such study. The book then discusses the effects of intracerebral administration of neuropeptides in rats using surgical and stereotaxic methods. Another paper presents the measurement of behavioral thermoregulatory reflexes to show acuity of temperature sensation and thermoregulatory control. This volume also discusses the measurement of song-learning behavior in birds through ''sensorimotor,'' ''action-based,'' and ''sensory'' methods of learning. This book will be helpful for students, scientists, technicians, and laboratory workers whose work involves experiments that need to be accurately measured.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Conn, P. Michael

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Paradigms for the Study of Behavior;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Contributors to Volume 14;10
6;Preface;14
7;Methods in Neurosciences;16
8;Section I: Sexual and Reproductive Behavior;18
8.1;Chapter 1. Measurement of Sexual Behavior: Controls for Variables
;20
8.1.1;Factors Influencing Sexual Behavior and Its Measurement;20
8.1.2;Measurement of Sexual Behavior;26
8.1.3;Procedure;30
8.1.4;References;31
8.2;Chapter 2. Practical Considerations in the Measurement of Sexual Behavior
;33
8.2.1;Introduction;33
8.2.2;Copulatory Behaviors of Mammals;34
8.2.3;Precopulatory Behaviors;35
8.2.4;Individual Variation in Sexual Performance;35
8.2.5;Subjective Scoring Systems;36
8.2.6;Mating Efficiency;37
8.2.7;Selecting Subjects;38
8.2.8;Handling Subjects;38
8.2.9;Preparation of Stimulus Females;38
8.2.10;Presentation of Stimulus Females;39
8.2.11;Dealing with Aggression;40
8.2.12;Physical Features of the Test Environment;40
8.2.13;Data Collection Techniques;41
8.2.14;Animal Identification;42
8.2.15;Test Length;42
8.2.16;Testing Young Animals;43
8.2.17;Sexual Stimulation;44
8.2.18;Measuring Libido;44
8.2.19;Mate Choice and Sexual Orientation;45
8.2.20;References;46
8.3;Chapter 3. Component Analysis of Male Sexual

Behavior;49
8.3.1;Introduction;49
8.3.2;The Duality of Sexual Behavior;49
8.3.3;Description of Copulatory Behavior;51
8.3.4;Measures of Male Rat Copulatory Behavior;52
8.3.5;Test Conditions;54
8.3.6;Interpretation of Copulatory Behavioral Data;55
8.3.7;Evaluation of Genital Function;56
8.3.8;Evaluation of Sexual Motivation;62
8.3.9;Other Considerations;64
8.3.10;Concluding Remarks;67
8.3.11;Acknowledgments;68
8.3.12;References;68
8.4;Chapter 4. Analysis of Female Sexual Behavior: Proceptivity, Receptivity, and Rejection
;71
8.4.1;Introduction;71
8.4.2;The Duality of Sexual Behavior;71
8.4.3;Description of Female Rat Copulatory Behavior;73
8.4.4;Specialized Tests;78
8.4.5;Experimental Models;81
8.4.6;Other Considerations;89
8.4.7;Concluding Remarks;89
8.4.8;Acknowledgments;91
8.4.9;References;91
8.5;Chapter 5. Measurement of Hormonal and Neural Correlates of Reproductive Behavior
;93
8.5.1;Introduction;93
8.5.2;Dynamic Determinations—Peripheral Measurements;94
8.5.3;Dynamic Determinations—Central Measurements;99
8.5.4;Overview;107
8.5.5;Acknowledgments;112
8.5.6;References;112
9;Section II: Social and Aggressive Behavior
;116
9.1;Chapter 6. Measurement of Social Interactions;118
9.1.1;Introduction;118
9.1.2;Experimental Approach;119
9.1.3;Concluding Remarks;126
9.1.4;References;126
9.2;Chapter 7. Assessment of Aggressive Behavior in

Rodent;128
9.2.1;Introduction;128
9.2.2;Ethical Issues in Studies on Animal Aggression;128
9.2.3;General Definitions;129
9.2.4;Philosophy of Recording Aggressive Behavior;130
9.2.5;Gross Scores of Aggressive Behavior;131
9.2.6;Sensory Inputs Regulating Aggressive Behavior;133
9.2.7;Dominance and Subordination;133
9.2.8;Scoring Mouse Aggressive Behavior;135
9.2.9;Scoring Rat Aggressive Behavior;136
9.2.10;Social Roles within a Male Pair: A Reductionist Shortcut;137
9.2.11;Female Aggressive Behavior;139
9.2.12;Developmental Changes in Aggressive Behavior Patterns and the Effects of Isolation on Them
;141
9.2.13;Choice of Strain and Genetics;142
9.2.14;A Few Final Warnings;145
9.2.15;Statistical Evaluation of Dominance;146
9.2.16;Drug Effects on Aggressive Behavior;147
9.2.17;Acknowledgments;149
9.2.18;References;149
9.3;Chapter 8. Resident–Intruder Paradigms for the Study of Rodent Aggression
;155
9.3.1;Introduction;155
9.3.2;General Methodological Considerations;156
9.3.3;Colony Models of Aggression;161
9.3.4;Isolation-Induced Aggression;162
9.3.5;Maternal Aggression;163
9.3.6;Exposure to Potential Predators;164
9.3.7;Acknowledgments;165
9.3.8;References;165
10;Section III: Drug-Induced Behavior;168
10.1;Chapter 9. Measurement of Cocaine-Induced Stereotyped Behavior in Response to

Neuropeptides;170
10.1.1;Introduction;170
10.1.2;Methods;172
10.1.3;Results and Discussion;174
10.1.4;Conclusions;180
10.1.5;Acknowledgments;181
10.1.6;References;181
10.2;Chapter 10. The Circling Training: A Behavioral Paradigm for Functional Teratology Testing
;183
10.2.1;Introduction;183
10.2.2;Apparatus;185
10.2.3;Experimental Subjects;186
10.2.4;Procedure;188
10.2.5;Speed and Posture;194
10.2.6;Detection Sensitivity;194
10.2.7;The Circling Training and the Neostriatum in the Study of Functional Teratology
;195
10.2.8;Acknowledgments;196
10.2.9;References;196
10.3;Chapter 11. Intracerebral Administration of Neuropeptides: An Assessment of Behavioral

Change;197
10.3.1;Introduction;197
10.3.2;Subjects;199
10.3.3;Surgical and Stereotaxic Methods;200
10.3.4;Intracerebral Administration;200
10.3.5;Histology;201
10.3.6;Behavioral Testing;201
10.3.7;Acknowledgments;208
10.3.8;References;208
10.4;Chapter 12. Measurement of the Effects of Intrathecal Administration of Neuropeptides on Motor

Behavior;211
10.4.1;I. Introduction;211
10.4.2;II. Intrathecal Injection Techniques;212
10.4.3;III. Measurement of Motor Behavior;215
10.4.4;IV. Experimental Studies of Neuropeptide-Induced Motor Behavior;219
10.4.5;V. Anatomical Specificity;227
10.4.6;VI. Summary;230
10.4.7;Acknowledgments;230
10.4.8;References;230
10.5;Chapter 13. Measurement of Dissociation of Amnesic and Behavioral Effects of Drugs in Mice
;234
10.5.1;Introduction;234
10.5.2;Utility of an Elevated Plus-Maze Task for Evaluating Memory in Mice;234
10.5.3;Utility of a Water-Finding Task for Evaluating Latent Learning in Mice
;239
10.5.4;General Comments;244
10.5.5;References;245
10.6;Chapter 14. Evaluation of Putative Anxiolytics in the Elevated Plus-Maze Test
;247
10.6.1;Introduction;247
10.6.2;Plus-Maze Apparatus;248
10.6.3;Experimentation Room;248
10.6.4;Procedure;250
10.6.5;Computerized Data Aquisition;251
10.6.6;Effect of .-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Agonists
;252
10.6.7;Effect of Cholecystokinin B-Type Receptor Antagonists;254
10.6.8;Acknowledgments;256
10.6.9;References;256
11;Section IV: Environmentally Induced Behavior;258
11.1;Chapter 15. Measurement of Behavioral Changes in the Fetus Caused by Vibroacoustic Stimulation
;260
11.1.1;Human Fetus;260
11.1.2;Sheep Fetus;265
11.1.3;Summary and Conclusions;272
11.1.4;Acknowledgments;272
11.1.5;References;272
11.2;Chapter 16. Behavioral Analysis of Rats Exposed to High Pressure
;274
11.2.1;Introduction;274
11.2.2;Method;275
11.2.3;Procedure;276
11.2.4;Results;277
11.2.5;Discussion;279
11.2.6;Acknowledgments;281
11.2.7;References;281
11.3;Chapter 17. Measurement of Behavioral Thermoregulation
;283
11.3.1;Introduction;283
11.3.2;Temperature Gradients;283
11.3.3;Operant Conditioning
;288
11.3.4;Applications in Neuroscience Research;296
11.3.5;Acknowledgments;296
11.3.6;References;296
11.4;Chapter 18. Measurement of Stress-Induced Analgesia;298
11.4.1;Introduction;298
11.4.2;Is Stress a Necessary and Sufficient Condition to Produce Analgesia?;299
11.4.3;Opioid and Nonopioid Determinants of Stress-Induced Analgesia;300
11.4.4;Roles of Other Physiological Systems in Stress-Induced Analgesia;303
11.4.5;Stress-Induced Analgesia and Nociceptive Tests;304
11.4.6;Conclusions;306
11.4.7;References;307
11.4.8;Section V: Feeding Behavior;312
11.4.9;Chapter 19. Assessment of Feeding Behavior;314
11.4.10;Introduction;314
11.4.11;Conditioned Taste Aversion Testing;314
11.4.12;Meal Pattern Analysis;316
11.4.13;Instrumentation;318
11.4.14;References;325
11.5;Chapter 20. Continuous Analysis of Feeding Patterns in Rats Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition as Measured by the Automated Computerized Rat Eater Meter;326
11.5.1;Introduction;326
11.5.2;Development of the Automated Computerized Rat Eater Meter;327
11.5.3;Description of the Device;328
11.5.4;Definitions of Terms;331
11.5.5;Statistical Treatment of Feeding Data;333
11.5.6;The Rat Total Parenteral Nutrition Model;336
11.5.7;Feeding Patterns with Total Parenteral Nutrition;337
11.5.8;Feeding Patterns with Total Liver Denervation and Total Parenteral Nutrition
;338
11.5.9;Conclusions;340
11.5.10;Acknowledgments;342
11.5.11;References;342
12;Section VI: Other Behavior;344
12.1;Chapter 21. Measurement of Illness Behavior: Review of Concepts and Common Measures
;346
12.1.1;Introduction;346
12.1.2;Physiological Reactivity;348
12.1.3;Symptom Perception;349
12.1.4;Illness Appraisal;351
12.1.5;Behavior;352
12.1.6;Other Measures;356
12.1.7;Conclusion;357
12.1.8;References;358
12.2;Chapter 22. Measurement of Maternal Behavior;360
12.2.1;Introduction;360
12.2.2;Rodents;360
12.2.3;Overview of Other Species;369
12.2.4;Conclusion;373
12.2.5;Acknowledgments;373
12.2.6;References;373
12.3;Chapter 23. Measurement of Exploratory Behaviorin Rodents;376
12.3.1;Introduction;376
12.3.2;Tests of Forced Exploration;377
12.3.3;Tests of Novelty Preference: Choice Tasks;386
12.3.4;Controlling Variables;388
12.3.5;Summary;392
12.3.6;Acknowledgments;392
12.3.7;References;393
12.4;Chapter 24. Measurement of Grooming Behavior;395
12.4.1;Introduction;395
12.4.2;Experimental Procedures;397
12.4.3;Behavioral Response Induced by Injection of Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid into the Brain
;402
12.4.4;References;404
12.5;Chapter 25. An Animal Model for Cardiovascular and Behavioral Reaction
;406
12.5.1;Introduction;406
12.5.2;Blood Pressure;407
12.5.3;Acoustic Startle;408
12.5.4;Signal Averaging;410
12.5.5;References;412
12.6;Chapter 26. Assessment of Cardiovascular Responses as Behavior
;413
12.6.1;Introduction;413
12.6.2;Classical Conditioning;415
12.6.3;Operant Conditioning
;417
12.6.4;Behavioral Models for the Study of Cardiovascular Pathology;420
12.6.5;References;422
12.7;Chapter 27. Assessment of Brain Electrical Activity in Relation to Memory and Complex Behavior
;424
12.7.1;Introduction;424
12.7.2;Techniques of Single Cell Recording from Awake Monkeys;424
12.7.3;General Training Strategies;432
12.7.4;Specific Experimental Procedures;433
12.7.5;Delayed Nonmatch to Sample;438
12.7.6;Conclusions;446
12.7.7;Acknowledgments;447
12.7.8;References;447
12.8;Chapter 28. Measurement of Two Types of Classical

Conditioning;449
12.8.1;Introduction;449
12.8.2;Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning;449
12.8.3;Skeletal Muscle versus Emotional Conditioning;452
12.8.4;Conditioned Eyeblink Response;453
12.8.5;Conditioned Lick Suppression;458
12.8.6;Conclusion;461
12.8.7;References;462
12.9;Chapter 29. Measurement of Song Learning Behavior in Birds
;464
12.9.1;Introduction;464
12.9.2;Experimental Design;465
12.9.3;Sampling Repertoires;468
12.9.4;Acoustic Analysis;469
12.9.5;Bioassays;474
12.9.6;Conclusion;480
12.9.7;Acknowledgments;480
12.9.8;References;480
13;Index;484