Colling / Bearman Seawater: Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour

Prepared by an Open University Course Team
2. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-5707-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 172 Seiten, Web PDF

Seawater: Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour provides a comprehensive introduction to marine science. This book is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 summarizes the special properties of water and the role of the oceans in the hydrological cycle. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the oceans and their combined influence on density, stability, and vertical water movements are discussed in Chapters 2 to 4. The fifth chapter describes the behavior of light and sound in seawater and provides examples of the application of acoustics to oceanography. Chapter 6 examines the composition and behavior of the dissolved constituents of seawater, covering minor and trace constituents and major ions, as well as dissolved gases and biologically important nutrients. Residence times, speciation, and carbonate equilibria are also deliberated. The last chapter provides a short review of ideas about the history of seawater, involvement of the oceans in global cycles, and their relationship to climatic change. This publication is beneficial to oceanographers and marine biologists, including students that are interested in marine science.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Colling, Angela

Bearman, Gerry

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Seawater: Its Composition, Properties and Behaviour;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;ABOUT THIS VOLUME;8
6;ABOUT THIS SERIES;8
7;CHAPTER 1. WATER, AIR AND ICE;9
7.1;1.1 THE SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF WATER;9
7.2;1.2 THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE;12
7.3;1.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 1;18
8;CHAPTER 2. TEMPERATURE IN THE OCEANS;19
8.1;2.1 SOLAR RADIATION;19
8.2;2.2 DISTRIBUTION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURES;20
8.3;2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE WITH DEPTH;24
8.4;2.4 ENERGY FROM THE THERMOCLINE–A BRIEF DIGRESSION;28
8.5;2.5 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION AND WATER MOVEMENT;30
8.6;2.6 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 2;32
9;CHAPTER 3. SALINITY IN THE OCEANS;34
9.1;3.1 CONSTANCY OF COMPOSITION;35
9.2;3.2 VARIATIONS IN SALINITY;38
9.3;3.3 THE MEASUREMENT OF SALINITY;40
9.4;3.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 3;42
10;CHAPTER 4. DENSITY AND PRESSURE IN THE OCEANS;44
10.1;4.1 WATER MASSES;44
10.2;4.2 DEPTH (PRESSURE), DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE;45
10.3;4.3 T–S DIAGRAMS;47
10.4;4.4 MIXING PROCESSES IN THE OCEANS;54
10.5;4.5 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 4;62
11;CHAPTER 5. LIGHT AND SOUND IN SEAWATER;66
11.1;5.1 UNDERWATER LIGHT;66
11.2;5.2 UNDERWATER SOUND;77
11.3;5.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 5;87
12;CHAPTER 6. THE SEAWATER SOLUTION;90
12.1;6.1 THE GROSS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER;90
12.2;6.2 SOURCES AND SINKS, OR WHY THE SEA IS SALT;105
12.3;6.3 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL REACTIONS IN SEAWATER;113
12.4;6.4 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 6;129
13;CHAPTER 7. SEAWATER AND THE GLOBAL CYCLE;133
13.1;7.1 A SHORT HISTORY OF SEAWATER;134
13.2;7.2 A LOOK AHEAD;140
13.3;7.3 SUMMARY OF CHAPTER 7;144
14;APPENDIX: CONVERSIONS BETWEEN pH AND [H+];147
15;SUGGESTED FURTHER READING;149
16;ANSWERS AND COMMENTS TO QUESTIONS;150
17;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;168
18;INDEX;169